Effects of preexposure to a subthreshold dose of helium particles on the changes in performance produced by exposure to helium particles.

On exploratory class missions, such as a mission to Mars, astronauts will be exposed to doses of particles of high energy and charge and protons up to 30 - 40 cGy. These exposures will most likely occur at random intervals across the estimated 3-yr duration of the mission. As such, the possibility of an interaction between particles must be taken into account: a prior subthreshold exposure to one particle may prevent or minimize the effect of a subsequent exposure (adaptation), or there may be an additive effect such that the prior exposure may sensitize the individual to a subsequent exposure of the same or different radiations.

Association Between Hearing Handicap and Life-Space Mobility in a Patient Population.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between self-reported hearing handicap and life-space mobility utilizing the Life-Space Questionnaire (LSQ). Life-space mobility reflects how an individual moves through their daily physical and social environment, and the role of hearing loss in life-space mobility is not fully understood. We hypothesized that those with higher self-reported hearing handicap would be more likely to demonstrate restricted life-space mobility.

Which Types of Stress Are Associated With Accelerated Biological Aging? Comparing Perceived Stress, Stressful Life Events, Childhood Adversity, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Objective: Stress and stressful events are associated with poorer health; however, there are multiple ways to conceptualize and measure stress and stress responses. One physiological mechanism through which stress could result in poorer health is accelerated biological aging. This study tested which types of stress were associated with accelerated biological aging in adulthood.

COVID-19 Infection Risk Among Previously Uninfected Adults: Development of a Prognostic Model.

Background: Few models exist that incorporate measures from an array of individual characteristics to predict the risk of COVID-19 infection in the general population. The aim was to develop a prognostic model for COVID-19 using readily obtainable clinical variables.

Methods: Over 74 weeks surveys were periodically administered to a cohort of 1381 participants previously uninfected with COVID-19 (June 2020 to December 2021).

The Relationship of Parent Support and Child Emotional Regulation to School Readiness.

Using data from the longitudinal Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project that were obtained when children were 14 through 60 months old, this study aims to explore the transactional effects between parent supportiveness and child emotion regulations skills. An autoregressive model with cross-lagged paths was utilized to examine the developmental trajectories of parent supportiveness and child emotion regulation, the directions of transactional relationships between them, and the transactional effects on the prediction of child cognitive school readiness. Significant autoregressive effects were found in both parent supportiveness and child emotion regulation trajectories.

Environmental greenspace, subjective well-being, and all-cause mortality in elderly Chinese: Association and mediation study in a prospective cohort.

Background: Subjective well-being (SWB) measures mental health and happiness. Greenspace can have a positive impact on mental health, and higher SWB is associated with lower all-cause mortality. We conducted a mediation analysis on greenspace and all-cause mortality through improving SWB, in a prospective cohort of Chinese older adults.

Mitigation behavior prior to COVID-19 vaccination availability is associated with COVID-19 infection and time to vaccination.

Background: Mitigation behaviors reduce the incidence of COVID-19 infection. Determining characteristics of groups defined by mitigation behaviors compliance may be useful to inform targeted public health policies and interventions. This study aimed to identify groups of individuals according to self-reported compliance with COVID-19 mitigation behaviors, define compliance class characteristics, and explore associations between compliance classes and important study and public health outcomes.

Research objectives and general considerations for pragmatic clinical trials of pain treatments: IMMPACT statement.

Many questions regarding the clinical management of people experiencing pain and related health policy decision-making may best be answered by pragmatic controlled trials. To generate clinically relevant and widely applicable findings, such trials aim to reproduce elements of routine clinical care or are embedded within clinical workflows. In contrast with traditional efficacy trials, pragmatic trials are intended to address a broader set of external validity questions critical for stakeholders (clinicians, healthcare leaders, policymakers, insurers, and patients) in considering the adoption and use of evidence-based treatments in daily clinical care.

Are Geriatrics-Focused Primary Care Clinics Better at Diagnosing Dementia Than Traditional Clinics? A Matched Cohort Study.

Background: Dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are prevalent but underdiagnosed.

Objective: To compare new dementia/MCI diagnosis rates in geriatrics-focused primary care clinics and traditional primary care clinics.

Design: Secondary analysis of a prospective matched cohort study that spanned 2017-2021.

Physical Function Assessment of Older Veterans With Serious Mental Illness.

Objective: To characterize the physical function of older veterans with serious mental illness (SMI) across endurance, strength, and mobility domains.

Design: Retrospective analysis of clinical performance data.

Setting: Gerofit program, a national outpatient supervised exercise program for older veterans, delivered in Veterans Health Administration sites.

CERAD (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease) Neuropsychology Assessment Battery: 35 Years and Counting.

Background: In 1986, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) was mandated to develop a brief neuropsychological assessment battery (CERAD-NAB) for AD, for uniform neuropsychological assessment, and information aggregation. Initially used across the National Institutes of Aging-funded Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers, it has become widely adopted wherever information is desired on cognitive status and change therein, particularly in older populations.

Objective: Our purpose is to provide information on the multiple uses of the CERAD-NAB since its inception, and possible further developments.

Guideline Adherence to Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Treatment and Management in Primary Care.

Objective: To determine adherence to the 2017 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) guidelines for the management and treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) in primary care (PC) and compare whether key recommendations differed by sex, race, or insurance status.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Twenty-six clinic locations within a single healthcare system.

Prognosis of Acute Low-Tone Hearing Loss Without Vertigo: A Scoping Review.

Objective: Despite its relatively high prevalence, our understanding of the natural clinical course of acute low-tone hearing loss (ALHL) without vertigo remains incomplete. The purpose of this study is to summarize the findings of studies that evaluated recovery from hearing loss (HL), recurrence and/or fluctuation of HL, and progression to Meniere's Disease (MD) of patients presenting with ALHL without vertigo.

Methods: A scoping review of the English literature was performed.

Black and white proxy experiences and perceptions that influence advanced dementia care in nursing homes: The ADVANCE study.

Background: Regional, facility, and racial variability in intensity of care provided to nursing home (NH) residents with advanced dementia is poorly understood.

Materials And Methods: Assessment of Disparities and Variation for Alzheimer's disease NH Care at End of life (ADVANCE) is a multisite qualitative study of 14 NHs from four hospital referral regions providing varied intensity of advanced dementia care based on tube-feeding and hospital transfer rates. This report explored the perceptions and experiences of Black and White proxies (N = 44) of residents with advanced dementia to elucidate factors driving these variations.

Associations between cardiac structure and function and depressive disorder: A centenarian study in China.

Background: Depressive disorder is a common comorbidity in patients with cardiovascular diseases and is associated with increased hospitalization and death rates. The relationships between cardiac structure and function and depressive disorder remains unclear in the older adults, especially in centenarians. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the possible associations between cardiac structure and function and depressive disorder among centenarians.

Dementia Care Competency Model for Higher Education: A Pilot Study.

A statewide landscape analysis was initiated to identify workforce development and educational needs concerning the support of persons with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD). Educational programs preparing healthcare professionals were targeted since people with ADRD, and their families/caregivers, often have frequent, ongoing contact with healthcare providers. A literature review and thematic analysis discovered a dearth of research and a lack of consistent competency identification for healthcare education.

How I treat anemia in older adults.

With the global growing older adult population, clinicians face the common, yet complex challenge of how to evaluate and manage anemia in this population. Older age predisposes to common causes of anemia such as nutritional deficiencies, inflammatory disorders, chronic kidney disease, and hematologic malignancies. Failure to diagnose and appropriately manage anemia may result in decreased quality of life, impaired cognition, impaired mobility, and increased mortality.

The impact of hearing loss on trajectories of depressive symptoms in married couples.

Hearing loss is a prevalent chronic stressor among older adults and is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes. The life course principle of linked lives highlights that an individual's stressors can impact the health and well-being of others; however, there are limited large-scale studies examining hearing loss within marital dyads. Using 11 waves (1998-2018) of the Health and Retirement Study (n = 4881 couples), we estimate age-based mixed models to examine how 1) one's own hearing, 2) one's spouse's hearing, or 3) both spouses' hearing influence changes in depressive symptoms.

Multimorbidity in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), a precursor to multiple myeloma, is present in over 5% of adults aged 70 and older, a population with a high prevalence of multimorbidity. MGUS is often diagnosed incidentally when patients seek care for unrelated conditions. Our study sought to examine patterns of multimorbidity among MGUS patients, as overall health may impact patient care and the prioritization of MGUS surveillance.

Preclinical and translational models for delirium: Recommendations for future research from the NIDUS delirium network.

Delirium is a common, morbid, and costly syndrome that is closely linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (ADRD) as a risk factor and outcome. Human studies of delirium have advanced our knowledge of delirium incidence and prevalence, risk factors, biomarkers, outcomes, prevention, and management. However, understanding of delirium neurobiology remains limited.

The case for transitional services and programs for older adults reentering society: a narrative review of US departments of correction and recommendations.

Purpose: Older adults who are or have been incarcerated constitute a growing population in the USA. The complex health needs of this group are often inadequately addressed during incarceration and equally so when transitioning back to the community. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the literature on challenges older adults (age 50 and over) face in maintaining health and accessing social services to support health after an incarceration and to outline recommendations to address the most urgent of these needs.

Associations of Serum 25(OH)D, PTH, and β-CTX Levels with All-Cause Mortality in Chinese Community-Dwelling Centenarians.

This longitudinal cohort study explored the associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], parathyroid hormone (PTH), and β-C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (β-CTX) levels with all-cause mortality in centenarians. The study included 952 centenarians (81.4% female).

ROP39 is an Irgb10-specific parasite effector that modulates acute Toxoplasma gondii virulence.

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a zoonotic apicomplexan parasite that is an important cause of clinical disability in humans. On a global scale, one third of the human population is infected with T.

Associations between constipation, overeating, and depression: A survey of Chinese oldest-old and centenarians.

Objectives: Depression is a common disease of elderly population, with a global prevalence of more than 20%. Few studies have involved the associations of constipation and overeating with depression, especially in the elderly population. We aimed to address these associations in Chinese oldest-old and centenarians.