Effect of FOXO3 and Air Pollution on Cognitive Function: A Longitudinal Cohort Study of Older Adults in China From 2000 to 2014.

Forkhead Box O 3 (FOXO3) genotype is strongly associated with human longevity and may be protective against neurodegeneration. Air pollution is a risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. We aimed to study the individual and combined effects of FOXO3 and air pollution on cognitive function in a large prospective cohort with up to 14 years of follow-up.

Interaction between plant-based dietary pattern and air pollution on cognitive function: a prospective cohort analysis of Chinese older adults.

Background: Air pollution is a risk factor for poor cognitive function, while a plant-based dietary pattern is associated with better cognitive function. We aimed to explore their interaction with cognitive function among older adults.

Methods: We used a prospective cohort of old individuals, including 6525 participants of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), aged 65-110 years and with normal cognition at baseline.

Chronic kidney disease biomarkers and mortality among older adults: A comparison study of survey samples in China and the United States.

Objectives: Among older adults in China and the US, we aimed to compare the biomarkers of chronic-kidney-diseases (CKD), factors associated with CKD, and the correlation between CKD and mortality.

Setting: China and the US.

Study Design: Cross-sectional and prospective cohorts.

Evaluation of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Dementia and cancer are both more common in adults as they age. As new cancer treatments become more popular, it is important to consider how these treatments might affect older patients. This study evaluates metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) as a risk factor for older adults developing mild cognitive impairment or dementia (MCI/D) and the impact of mRCC-directed therapies on the development of MCI/D.

Differences in Clinical Outcomes of Adults Referred to a Homeless Transitional Care Program Based on Multimorbid Health Profiles: A Latent Class Analysis.

People experiencing homelessness face significant medical and psychiatric illness, yet few studies have characterized the effects of multimorbidity within this population. This study aimed to (a) delineate unique groups of individuals based on medical, psychiatric, and substance use disorder profiles, and (b) compare clinical outcomes across groups. We extracted administrative data from a health system electronic health record for adults referred to the Durham Homeless Care Transitions program from July 2016 to June 2020.

Effectiveness of Quality Improvement Coaching on Process Outcomes in Health Care Settings: A Systematic Review.

Background: A culture of improvement is an important feature of high-quality health care systems. However, health care teams often need support to translate quality improvement (QI) activities into practice. One method of support is consultation from a QI coach.

Long-term ozone exposure and cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults: A cohort study.

Ambient particulate matter pollution has been linked to impaired cognitive performance, but the effect of ambient ozone exposure on cognitive function remains largely unknown. We examined the association of long-term ozone exposure with the risk of cognitive impairment among a national representative cohort of 9,544 Chinese older adults (aged 65 years and over) with baseline normal cognition from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2005-2018). The ozone exposure of each participant was measured by annual mean ozone concentrations for the county of residence.

Interactions of Autophagy and the Immune System in Health and Diseases.

Autophagy is a highly conserved process that utilizes lysosomes to selectively degrade a variety of intracellular cargo, thus providing quality control over cellular components and maintaining cellular regulatory functions. Autophagy is triggered by multiple stimuli ranging from nutrient starvation to microbial infection. Autophagy extensively shapes and modulates the inflammatory response, the concerted action of immune cells, and secreted mediators aimed to eradicate a microbial infection or to heal sterile tissue damage.

Self-reported hearing loss, hearing aid use, and cognitive function among U.S. older adults.

There has been increasing attention to the role of hearing loss as a potentially modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. However, more nationally-representative studies are needed to understand the co-occurring changes in hearing loss and cognitive function in older adults over time, and how hearing aid use might influence this association. The purpose of this report is to examine how age-related changes in hearing loss and hearing aid use are associated with trajectories of cognitive function in a nationally-representative sample of U.

The Long-Term Impact of Childhood Disability on Mental Health Trajectories in Mid- to Late-Life.

Objectives: We draw from the life course and stress process frameworks to examine how experiencing disability in early life influences mental health in adulthood.

Methods: Data come from the Health and Retirement Study Cross-Wave Childhood Health and Family Aggregated Data file (2008-2018, = 15,289). Childhood disability status is a retrospective self-report of whether respondents were disabled for six months or more because of a health problem before the age of 16 ( = 581).

Sex Difference and Interaction of SIRT1 and FOXO3 Candidate Longevity Genes on Life Expectancy: A 10-Year Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study.

SIRT1 and FOXO3 are both associated with longevity. Molecular biology research in many organisms (yeast, nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, and mice mammalian models) shows SIRT1 acts on the FOXO family of forkhead transcription factors to respond to oxidative stress better, shifting processes away from cell death toward stress resistance. Human population studies need epidemiologic evidence.

Comparing Effects of FOXO3 and Residing in Urban Areas on Longevity: A Gene-Environment Interaction Study.

Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) is a candidate longevity gene. Urban residents are also positively associated with longer life expectancy. We conducted a gene-environment interaction to assess the synergistic effect of FOXO3 and urban/rural environments on mortality.

Test-Retest Reliability of the Listening Self-Efficacy Questionnaire.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability and the minimum detectable change (MDC) scores of the Listening Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (LSEQ).

Method: A total of 77 older adults who were experienced hearing aid users were administered the LSEQ in pen-paper format on two separate occasions. They were provided the first copy of the LSEQ in the clinic to take home to complete.

Electroencephalogram-Based Complexity Measures as Predictors of Post-operative Neurocognitive Dysfunction.

Physiologic signals such as the electroencephalogram (EEG) demonstrate irregular behaviors due to the interaction of multiple control processes operating over different time scales. The complexity of this behavior can be quantified using multi-scale entropy (MSE). High physiologic complexity denotes health, and a loss of complexity can predict adverse outcomes.

U.S. regional differences in physical distancing: Evaluating racial and socioeconomic divides during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Health varies by U.S. region of residence.

Walking All over COVID-19: The Rapid Development of , an Innovative Approach to Enhance a Hospital-Based Walking Program during the Pandemic.

Hospitalization is common among older adults. Prolonged time in bed during hospitalization can lead to deconditioning and functional impairments. Our team is currently working with Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers across the United States to implement STRIDE (assiSTed eaRly mobIlity for hospitalizeD older vEterans), a hospital-based walking program designed to mitigate the risks of immobility during hospitalization.

Impact of taxane-based chemotherapy among older women with breast cancer on cognition and quality of life: a longitudinal pooled analysis.

Purpose: Older cancer patients are susceptible to long-term effects of chemotherapy, including cancer-related cognitive decline and impairments to quality of life. Taxane-based chemotherapies are associated with physical declines among older women and may negatively impact cognitive performance. We sought to examine whether changes in objective and subjective measures of cognitive performance and well-being differ among older breast cancer survivors as a function of taxane-based chemotherapy treatment regimens.

Effect of Race/ethnicity, Insurance Status, and Area Deprivation on Hip Fracture Outcomes Among Older Adults in the United States.

This retrospective cohort study used electronic health records to explore the effect of race/ethnicity, insurance status, and area deprivation on post-discharge outcomes in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery between 2015 and 2018 ( = 1,150). Inverse probability of treatment weight-adjusted regression analysis was used to identify the effects of the predictors on outcomes. White patients had higher 90- and 365-day readmission risks than Black patients and higher all-period readmissions than the Other racial/ethnic (Hispanic, Asian, American Indian, and Multicultural) group ( < .

Identification and replication of novel genetic variants of ABO gene to reduce the incidence of diseases and promote longevity by modulating lipid homeostasis.

Genes related to human longevity have not been studied so far, and need to be investigated thoroughly. This study aims to explore the relationship among ABO gene variants, lipid levels, and longevity phenotype in individuals (≥90yrs old) without adverse outcomes. A genotype-phenotype study was performed based on 5803 longevity subjects and 7026 younger controls from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS).

Clinician Perspectives Guiding Approach to Comprehensiveness of Palliative Care Assessment.

National Consensus Project for quality palliative care guidelines emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive assessment of all care domains, including physical, psychosocial, and spiritual aspects of care, for seriously ill patients. However, less is known about how real-world practice compares with this guideline. To describe clinicians' assessment practices and factors influencing their approach.

Enterocyte-innate lymphoid cell crosstalk drives early IFN-γ-mediated control of Cryptosporidium.

The intestinal parasite, Cryptosporidium, is a major contributor to global child mortality and causes opportunistic infection in immune deficient individuals. Innate resistance to Cryptosporidium, which specifically invades enterocytes, is dependent on the production of IFN-γ, yet whether enterocytes contribute to parasite control is poorly understood. In this study, utilizing a mouse-adapted strain of C.

The Association Between Hearing Loss and Surgical Complications in Older Adults.

Objectives: In this study, we sought to evaluate whether older patients with hearing loss who underwent surgery were at greater risk of postsurgical complications, increased inpatient length-of-stay (LOS), and hospital readmission.

Design: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients receiving surgery at a tertiary medical center. Utilizing electronic health record data from two merged datasets, we identified patients 65 years and older, undergoing major surgery between January 1, 2014 and January 31, 2017, and who had audiometric evaluation before surgery.

Developing a person-centered, population based measure of "home time": Perspectives of older patients and unpaid caregivers.

Measuring "home time," number of days not in facility-based care, with medical claims is a promising approach to assess person-centered outcomes on a population level. Generally, spending more time at home matches long-term care preferences and improves quality of life. However, existing "home time" measures have not incorporated key stakeholder perspectives.