23 results match your criteria: "Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS)[Affiliation]"
J Synchrotron Radiat
July 2024
Center for X-ray and Nano Science - CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron - DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
Nanotomography with hard X-rays is a widely used technique for high-resolution imaging, providing insights into the structure and composition of various materials. In recent years, tomographic approaches based on simultaneous illuminations of the same sample region from different angles by multiple beams have been developed at micrometre image resolution. Transferring these techniques to the nanoscale is challenging due to the loss in photon flux by focusing the X-ray beam.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhilos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci
June 2024
Zentraleinrichtung 3D Technologien (ZE3D), Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin 10623, Germany.
The origin of micrometeorites (MMs) from asteroids and comets is well-established, but the relative contribution from these two classes remains poorly resolved. Likewise, determining the precise origin of individual MMs is an open challenge. Here, cosmic-ray exposure ages are used to resolve the spatial origins of 12 MMs collected from urban areas and Antarctica.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall Methods
October 2024
Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
Single impurities in insulators are now often used for quantum sensors and single photon sources, while nanoscale semiconductor doping features are being constructed for electrical contacts in quantum technology devices, implying that new methods for sensitive, non-destructive imaging of single- or few-atom structures are needed. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) can provide nanoscale imaging with chemical specificity, and features comprising as few as 100 000 atoms have been detected without any need for specialized or destructive sample preparation. Presently, the ultimate limits of sensitivity of XRF are unknown - here, gallium dopants in silicon are investigated using a high brilliance, synchrotron source collimated to a small spot.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Res
May 2024
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil: Hidráulica, Energía y Medio Ambiente, Environment, Coast and Ocean Research Laboratory (ECOREL-UPM), c/Profesor Aranguren s/n 28040, Madrid, Spain; Environmental Remediation and Biocatalysis Group, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle, 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia; Colombian Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences, Carrera 28 A No. 39A-63, Bogotá, Colombia.
This study aimed to enhance solar disinfection (SODIS) by the photo-Fenton process, operated at natural pH, through the re-utilization of fruit wastes. For this purpose, pure organic acids present in fruits and alimentary wastes were tested and compared with synthetic complexing agents. Owing to solar light, complexes between iron and artificial or natural chelators can be regenerated through ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) during disinfection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrosc Microanal
March 2024
Center for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany.
We demonstrate live-updating ptychographic reconstruction with the extended ptychographical iterative engine, an iterative ptychography method, during ongoing data acquisition. The reconstruction starts with a small subset of the total data, and as the acquisition proceeds the data used for reconstruction are extended. This creates a live-updating view of object and illumination that allows monitoring the ongoing experiment and adjusting parameters with quick turn around.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chem Phys
February 2024
Institute for Materials and X-Ray Physics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg-Harburg, Germany.
Polymers are known to wet nanopores with high surface energy through an atomically thin precursor film followed by slower capillary filling. We present here light interference spectroscopy using a mesoporous membrane-based chip that allows us to observe the dynamics of these phenomena in situ down to the sub-nanometer scale at milli- to microsecond temporal resolution. The device consists of a mesoporous silicon film (average pore size 6 nm) with an integrated photonic crystal, which permits to simultaneously measure the phase shift of thin film interference and the resonance of the photonic crystal upon imbibition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
January 2024
Center for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
Small voids in the absorber layer of thin-film solar cells are generally suspected to impair photovoltaic performance. They have been studied on Cu(In,Ga)Se cells with conventional laboratory techniques, albeit limited to surface characterization and often affected by sample-preparation artifacts. Here, synchrotron imaging is performed on a fully operational as-deposited solar cell containing a few tens of voids.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Nano
August 2023
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
Epitaxially grown self-assembled semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) with atom-like optical properties have emerged as the best choice for single-photon sources required for the development of quantum technology and quantum networks. Nondestructive selection of a single QD having desired structural, compositional, and optical characteristics is essential to obtain noise-free, fully indistinguishable single or entangled photons from single-photon emitters. Here, we show that the structural orientations and local compositional inhomogeneities within a single QD and the surrounding wet layer can be probed in a screening fashion by scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy and X-ray fluorescence with a few tens of nanometers-sized synchrotron radiation beam.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chem
July 2023
Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150NC4, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
3D and 2D-cross-sectional X-ray fluorescence analysis of biological material is a powerful tool to image the distribution of elements and to understand and quantify metal homeostasis and the distribution of anthropogenic metals and nanoparticles with minimal preparation artifacts. Using tomograms recorded on cryogenically prepared leaves of , the cross-sectional distribution of physiologically relevant elements like calcium, potassium, manganese, and zinc could be tomographically reconstructed by peak fitting followed by a conventional maximum-likelihood algorithm with self-absorption correction to reveal the quantitative cross-sectional element distribution. If light elements such as S and P are located deep in the sample compared to the escape depth of their characteristic X-ray fluorescence lines, the quantitative reconstruction becomes inaccurate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Synchrotron Radiat
March 2023
Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
Full-field X-ray nanoimaging is a widely used tool in a broad range of scientific areas. In particular, for low-absorbing biological or medical samples, phase contrast methods have to be considered. Three well established phase contrast methods at the nanoscale are transmission X-ray microscopy with Zernike phase contrast, near-field holography and near-field ptychography.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall
June 2023
Institute for Materials and X-Ray Physics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestr. 10, 21073, Hamburg, Germany.
Many biological materials exhibit a multiscale porosity with small, mostly nanoscale pores as well as large, macroscopic capillaries to simultaneously achieve optimized mass transport capabilities and lightweight structures with large inner surfaces. Realizing such a hierarchical porosity in artificial materials necessitates often sophisticated and expensive top-down processing that limits scalability. Here, an approach that combines self-organized porosity based on metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) with photolithographically induced macroporosity for the synthesis of single-crystalline silicon with a bimodal pore-size distribution is presented, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
February 2023
Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany.
We investigated the adsorption of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the current pandemic, on the surface of the model catalyst TiO(101) using atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, accompanied by density functional theory calculations. Three different methods were employed to inactivate the virus after it was loaded on the surface of TiO(101): (i) ethanol, (ii) thermal, and (iii) UV treatments. Microscopic studies demonstrate that the denatured spike proteins and other proteins in the virus structure readsorb on the surface of TiO under thermal and UV treatments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2023
Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
Being able to observe the formation of multi-material nanostructures in situ, simultaneously from a morphological and crystallographic perspective, is a challenging task. Yet, this is essential for the fabrication of nanomaterials with well-controlled composition exposing the most active crystallographic surfaces, as required for highly active catalysts in energy applications. To demonstrate how X-ray ptychography can be combined with scanning nanoprobe diffraction to realize multimodal imaging, we study growing CuO nanocubes and their transformation into Au nanocages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Synchrotron Radiat
November 2022
Physics Department, University of Siegen, 57072 Siegen, Germany.
X-ray diffraction with high spatial resolution is commonly used to characterize (poly)crystalline samples with, for example, respect to local strain, residual stress, grain boundaries and texture. However, the investigation of highly absorbing samples or the simultaneous assessment of high-Z materials by X-ray fluorescence have been limited due to the utilization of low photon energies. Here, a goniometer-based setup implemented at the P06 beamline of PETRA III that allows for micrometre spatial resolution with a photon energy of 35 keV and above is reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
August 2022
University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
Understanding morphological changes of nanoparticles in solution is essential to tailor the functionality of devices used in energy generation and storage. However, we lack experimental methods that can visualize these processes in solution, or in electrolyte, and provide three-dimensional information. Here, we show how X-ray ptychography enables in situ nano-imaging of the formation and hollowing of nanoparticles in solution at 155 °C.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFaraday Discuss
October 2022
Technical Univ. of Denmark, DTU Energy, 310, Fysikvej, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
We report a multi-modal study of the electrical, chemical and structural properties of a kesterite thin-film solar cell by combining the spatially-resolved X-ray beam induced current and fluorescence imaging techniques for the evaluation of a fully functional device on a cross-section. The data allowed the correlation of the chemical composition, defects at interfaces and inhomogeneous deposition of the layers with the local charge-collection efficiency of the device. We support our observations with Monte Carlo simulations of high-energy X-ray interactions with the semiconductor device, and finite-volume modeling of the charge-collection efficiency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Nano
August 2022
Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
Nanocrystal assembly into ordered structures provides mesostructural functional materials with a precise control that starts at the atomic scale. However, the lack of understanding on the self-assembly itself plus the poor structural integrity of the resulting supercrystalline materials still limits their application into engineered materials and devices. Surface functionalization of the nanobuilding blocks with organic ligands can be used not only as a means to control the interparticle interactions during self-assembly but also as a reactive platform to further strengthen the final material via ligand cross-linking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRev Sci Instrum
May 2022
Physics Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, , Livermore, California 94550, USA.
The ability to visualize a sample undergoing a pressure-induced phase transition allows for the determination of kinetic parameters, such as the nucleation and growth rates of the high-pressure phase. For samples that are opaque to visible light (such as metallic systems), it is necessary to rely on x-ray imaging methods for sample visualization. Here, we present an experimental platform developed at beamline P02.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Synchrotron Radiat
May 2022
Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
The advent of hard X-ray free-electron lasers enables nanoscopic X-ray imaging with sub-picosecond temporal resolution. X-ray grating interferometry offers a phase-sensitive full-field imaging technique where the phase retrieval can be carried out from a single exposure alone. Thus, the method is attractive for imaging applications at X-ray free-electron lasers where intrinsic pulse-to-pulse fluctuations pose a major challenge.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Synchrotron Radiat
May 2022
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
Scientific tasks aimed at decoding and characterizing complex systems and processes at high pressures set new challenges for modern X-ray diffraction instrumentation in terms of X-ray flux, focal spot size and sample positioning. Presented here are new developments at the Extreme Conditions beamline (P02.2, PETRA III, DESY, Germany) that enable considerable improvements in data collection at very high pressures and small scattering volumes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
April 2022
Center for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
Imaging large areas of a sample non-destructively and with high resolution is of great interest for both science and industry. For scanning coherent X-ray diffraction microscopy, i. e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc
July 2022
Faculty of the Electrical Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Al. Armii Krajowej 17, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland.
The lattice dynamics of preferentially aligned nanocrystals formed upon drying of aqueous Ba(NO) solutions in a mesoporous silica glass traversed by tubular pores of approximately 12 nm are explored by Raman scattering. To interpret the experiments on the confined nanocrystals polarized Raman spectra of bulk single crystals and X-ray diffraction experiments are also performed. Since a cubic symmetry is inherent to Ba(NO), a special Raman scattering geometry was utilized to separate the phonon modes of A and E species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
January 2022
Institute for Materials and X-Ray Physics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany.
Nanoporosity in silicon results in interface-dominated mechanics, fluidics, and photonics that are often superior to the ones of the bulk material. However, their active control, for example, by electronic stimuli, is challenging due to the absence of intrinsic piezoelectricity in the base material. Here, for large-scale nanoporous silicon cantilevers wetted by aqueous electrolytes, electrosorption-induced mechanical stress generation of up to 600 kPa that is reversible and adjustable at will by potential variations of ≈1 V is shown.
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