A Novel Curriculum Assessment Tool, Based on AAMC Competencies, to Improve Medical Education About Sexual and Gender Minority Populations.

Problem: Medical education aspires to mitigate bias in future professionals by providing robust curricula that include perspectives of and practices for caring for sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations; however, implementation of these ideals remains challenging. Medical school leaders motivated to improve curricula on caring for SGM populations must survey their school's current curricula to identify strengths and opportunities for improvement. In 2014, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) published 30 SGM competencies that curricula should address.

Minimizing Venous Thromboembolism in Feminizing Hormone Therapy: Applying Lessons From Cisgender Women and Previous Data.

Objective: To review he impact of estrogen-containing feminizing hormone regimens on transgender individuals' risk for VTE.

Methods: We evaluated VTE risk by screening 1170 relevant studies published from 1994 to 2020, focusing on meta-analysis data.

Results: The type of oral estrogen, route of administration, patient demographics, and comorbidities may affect the risk of VTE.

Insurance Coverage of Facial Gender Affirmation Surgery: A Review of Medicaid and Commercial Insurance.

Objective: To provide a portrait of gender affirmation surgery (GAS) insurance coverage across the United States, with attention to procedures of the head and neck.

Study Design: Systematic review.

Setting: Policy review of US medical insurance companies.

The Mount Sinai Patient-Centered Preoperative Criteria Meant to Optimize Outcomes Are Less of a Barrier to Care Than WPATH SOC 7 Criteria Before Transgender-Specific Surgery.

With expanding coverage of gender-affirming care in the United States, many insurers default to the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) Standards of Care 7 (SOC 7) to establish eligibility requirements for surgery coverage. Informed by bariatric and transplant surgery evaluation models, the Mount Sinai Center for Transgender Medicine and Surgery (CTMS) developed patient-centered criteria to assess readiness for surgery, focusing on concerns that could impair recovery. To make recommendations for the next version of the WPATH SOC, SOC 8, we compared Mount Sinai patient-centered surgical readiness criteria with the WPATH SOC 7 criteria.

Cardiovascular health concerns in sexual and gender minority populations.

Growing evidence indicates that sexual and gender minority populations might be at greater risk of cardiovascular disease than the general population. Additional population and clinical health research is needed to inform the development of tailored, evidence-based interventions to promote the cardiovascular health of sexual and gender minority populations.

No Venous Thromboembolism Increase Among Transgender Female Patients Remaining on Estrogen for Gender-Affirming Surgery.

Background: Both surgery and exogenous estrogen use are associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, it is not known whether estrogen hormone therapy (HT) exacerbates the surgery-associated risk among transgender and gender nonbinary (TGNB) individuals. The lack of published data has contributed to heterogeneity in perioperative protocols regarding estrogen HT administration for TGNB patients undergoing gender-affirming surgery.

Ethical Considerations of Fertility Preservation for Transmasculine and Nonbinary Youth.

An increasing number of young adolescents who identify as transgender or nonbinary are presenting to the health care system for gender affirmation therapy before the full progression of puberty. Gender-affirming therapy may impair future fertility, but options exist for fertility preservation. This perspective reviews these options for transmasculine and nonbinary youth, and explores related ethical considerations.

Proper Care of Transgender and Gender Diverse Persons in the Setting of Proposed Discrimination: A Policy Perspective.

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals face significant barriers to accessing health care. Recent introductions of regulatory policies at state and federal levels raise concerns over the politicization of gender-affirming health care, the risks of further restricting access to quality care, and the potential criminalization of healthcare professionals who care for TGD patients. The Endocrine Society and the Pediatric Endocrine Society have published several news articles and comments in the last couple of years supporting safe and effective gender-affirming interventions as outlined in the 2017 Endocrine Society's Clinical Practice Guidelines.

Safety and Predictors of Sexual Minority Youth Carrying Weapons.

Prior research has revealed sexual minority youth are more likely to carry weapons both outside of and within school. However, to date, no study has examined the degree to which bullying and harassment is associated with weapon carrying among sexual minority youth. We utilized the Youth Risk Behavior Survey to examine the prevalence and likelihood of carrying weapons by sexual identity, adjusting for adverse experiences.

Endocrine treatment of transgender individuals: current guidelines and strategies.

Introduction: This review summarizes gender affirming medical and surgical care available to transgender individuals, along with proposals to improve medically and culturally appropriate care.

Areas Covered: Transgender individuals are those whose gender identity differs from that recorded at birth (usually based on visualization of external sexual anatomy). In order to align the body with the patient's gender identity, clinicians can provide hormone therapy (HT) to bring sex hormone levels to the range associated with the patient's gender identity.

Beyond Gender Identity Disorder Diagnoses Codes: An Examination of Additional Methods to Identify Transgender Individuals in Administrative Databases.

Background: Large administrative databases often do not capture gender identity data, limiting researchers' ability to identify transgender people and complicating the study of this population.

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop methods for identifying transgender people in a large, national dataset for insured adults.

Research Design: This was a retrospective analysis of administrative claims data.

Infection of the Neovagina in Transgender Women.

We report 2 cases of neovaginal infection in transgender women who underwent penile-inversion vaginoplasty procedures with integrated peritoneum and urethral grafts. These tissue types may have facilitated infection. Medical providers should implement neovaginal screening for bacterial sexually transmitted infections in transgender patients at risk for infection.

Improved Rates of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Transmasculine Patients Through Self-Collected Swabs for High-Risk Human Papillomavirus DNA Testing.

Nearly all cervical cancer cases are caused by one of several high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (hr-HPV). Transmasculine (TM) individuals (persons who have a masculine spectrum gender identity, but were recorded female at birth) have low adherence to standard cervical cancer screening modalities. Introduction of self-collected vaginal swabs for hr-HPV DNA testing may promote initiation and adherence to cervical cancer screening among TM individuals to narrow screening disparities.