Can intraoral and facial photos predict obstructive sleep apnea in the general and clinical population?

Study Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare measurements of standardized craniofacial and intraoral photographs between clinical and general population samples, between groups of individuals with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15 and AHI < 15, and their interaction, as well as the relationship with the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: We used data from 929 participants from Sleep Apnea Global Interdisciplinary Consortium, in which 309 patients from a clinical setting and 620 volunteers from a general population.

Results: AHI ≥ 15 were observed in 30.

Glucose Challenge Uncovers Temporal Fungibility of Metabolic Homeostasis over a day:night cycle.

Rhythmicity is a cornerstone of behavioral and biological processes, especially metabolism, yet the mechanisms behind metabolite cycling remain elusive. This study uncovers a robust oscillation in key metabolite pathways downstream of glucose in humans. A purpose-built C-glucose isotope tracing platform was used to sample every 4h and probe these pathways, revealing a striking peak in biosynthesis shortly after lights-on in wild-type flies.

Potential genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in insomnia: A systematic review.

Insomnia is a stress-related sleep disorder conceptualised within a diathesis-stress framework, which it is thought to result from predisposing factors interacting with precipitating stressful events that trigger the development of insomnia. Among predisposing factors genetics and epigenetics may play a role. A systematic review of the current evidence for the genetic and epigenetic basis of insomnia was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) system.

Mu-opioid receptor-expressing neurons in the paraventricular thalamus modulate chronic morphine-induced wake alterations.

Disrupted sleep is a symptom of many psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorders. Most drugs of abuse, including opioids, disrupt sleep. However, the extent and consequence of opioid-induced sleep disturbance, especially during chronic drug exposure, is understudied.

Institutional Variability in Representation of Women and Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups Among Medical School Faculty.

Importance: Bolstering the ranks of women and underrepresented groups in medicine (URM) among medical faculty can help address ongoing health care disparities and therefore constitutes a critical public health need. There are increasing proportions of URM faculty, but comparisons of these changes with shifts in regional populations are lacking.

Objective: To quantify the representation of women and URM and assess changes and variability in representation by individual US medical schools.

Development and Initial Validation of the Assessment of Sleep Environment (ASE): Describing and Quantifying the Impact of Subjective Environmental Factors on Sleep.

The purpose of this study was to develop and test the reliability and validity of a 13-item self-report Assessment of Sleep Environment (ASE). This study investigates the relationship between subjective experiences of environmental factors (light, temperature, safety, noise, comfort, humidity, and smell) and sleep-related parameters (insomnia symptoms, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and control over sleep). The ASE was developed using an iterative process, including literature searches for item generation, qualitative feedback, and pilot testing.

Assisted Relaxation Therapy for Insomnia in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Study.

Insomnia symptoms are prevalent in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and can pose treatment challenges. We tested the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of assisted relaxation therapy (ART) to improve insomnia symptoms in community-dwelling older adults with MCI. In this pilot RCT, 25 participants were assigned to intervention or control groups for 2 weeks.

Insomnia in the Older Adult.

Although insomnia is not a normal part of the aging process, its prevalence increases with age. Factors such as medications and medical and psychiatric disorders can increase the risk for insomnia. In order to diagnose insomnia, it is important for older adults to complete comprehensive sleep and health histories.

Sleep in Normal Aging.

Sleep is a key determinant of healthy and cognitive aging. Sleep patterns change with aging, independent of other factors, and include advanced sleep timing, shortened nocturnal sleep duration, increased frequency of daytime naps, increased number of nocturnal awakenings and time spent awake during the night, and decreased slow-wave sleep. The sleep-related hormone secretion changes with aging.

Chronic Sleep Deprivation Blocks Voluntary Morphine Consumption but Not Conditioned Place Preference in Mice.

The opioid epidemic remains a significant healthcare problem and is attributable to over 100,000 deaths per year. Poor sleep increases sensitivity to pain, impulsivity, inattention, and negative affect, all of which might perpetuate drug use. Opioid users have disrupted sleep during drug use and withdrawal and report poor sleep as a reason for relapse.

Understanding Circadian Mechanisms of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Report From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop, Part 2: Population and Clinical Considerations.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the sudden, unexpected death due to abrupt loss of heart function secondary to cardiovascular disease. In certain populations living with cardiovascular disease, SCD follows a distinct 24-hour pattern in occurrence, suggesting day/night rhythms in behavior, the environment, and endogenous circadian rhythms result in daily spans of increased vulnerability. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a workshop, Understanding Circadian Mechanisms of Sudden Cardiac Death to identify fundamental questions regarding the role of the circadian rhythms in SCD.

Understanding Circadian Mechanisms of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Report From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop, Part 1: Basic and Translational Aspects.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD), the unexpected death due to acquired or genetic cardiovascular disease, follows distinct 24-hour patterns in occurrence. These 24-hour patterns likely reflect daily changes in arrhythmogenic triggers and the myocardial substrate caused by day/night rhythms in behavior, the environment, and endogenous circadian mechanisms. To better address fundamental questions regarding the circadian mechanisms, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a workshop, Understanding Circadian Mechanisms of Sudden Cardiac Death.

Impact of Body Mass Index and Discomfort on Upper Airway Stimulation: ADHERE Registry 2020 Update.

Objectives/hypothesis: To provide the ADHERE registry Upper Airway Stimulation (UAS) outcomes update, including analyses grouped by body mass index (BMI) and therapy discomfort.

Study Design: Prospective observational study.

Methods: ADHERE captures UAS outcomes including apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), therapy usage, patient satisfaction, clinician assessment, and safety over a 1-year period.

Durability of treatment response to zolpidem using a partial reinforcement regimen: does this strategy require priming?

Background: Previous research has shown that after one month of full dose nightly treatment with zolpidem (priming), subjects with chronic insomnia (CI) switched to intermittent dosing with medication and placebos were able to maintain their treatment responses. This approach to maintenance therapy is referred to as partial reinforcement. The present study sought to assess whether priming is required for partial reinforcement or whether intermittent dosing with placebos (50% placebos and 50% active medication) can, by itself, be used for both acute and extended treatment.

[Feasibility study of telemedicine model for diagnosis and treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in China].

To explore the feasibility of applying telemedicine model in disease management for patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in China. A total of 24 patients were enrolled with suspected OSAHS who were admitted to the Sleep Center of Peking University People's Hospital from October 2015 to September 2016. Patients were diagnosed by electronic questionnaire assessment and home sleep apnea monitoring (HSAT) and were treated with remote automatic positive airway pressure (APAP).

[Challenges and opportunities of remote diagnosis and treatment management of sleep disordered breathing under the normalization of epidemic situation].

Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the diagnosis and treatment of diseases has been greatly affected. Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common chronic disease, whose diagnosis and treatment methods have changed dramatically during the epidemic period-from traditional outpatient diagnosis and treatment to online remote diagnosis and treatment based on Internet. The diagnostical capability of major sleep centers has increased instead of decreasing.

Home sleep apnea testing of adults with chronic heart failure.

Study Objectives: To evaluate home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) using a type 3 portable monitor to help diagnose sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and identify respiratory events including obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea, and Cheyne-Stokes respiration in adults with stable chronic heart failure.

Methods: Eighty-four adults with chronic heart failure (86.9% males, age [mean ± standard deviation] 58.

Pediatric sleep health: It matters, and so does how we define it.

In 2014, Buysse published a novel definition of sleep health, raising awareness for the importance of this construct for individuals, populations, clinical care, and research. However, the original definition focused on adults, with the recommendation that it should be adapted for children and adolescents. As children live within a complex and dynamic system, and may not always have control over their own sleep, this theoretical review will examine and apply Buysse's five dimensions of sleep health within the context of pediatrics.

Socioeconomic Disparities in Positive Airway Pressure Adherence: An Integrative Review.

Nonadherence with positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy impedes the effectiveness of treatment and increases risk of mortality. Disparities in PAP adherence as a function of socioeconomic status (SES) are not well understood. A literature search identified 16 original publications meeting inclusion criteria that described effects of SES factors on objective PAP adherence; 69% of these articles found evidence of lower adherence as a function of SES.

Where to Next for Optimizing Adherence in Large-Scale Trials of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure?

Large-scale randomized trials of positive airway pressure (PAP) efficacy have been largely negative but PAP adherence was notably suboptimal across the trials. To address this limitation, evidence-based PAP adherence protocols embedded within the larger trial protocol are recommended. The complexity of such protocols depends on adequacy of resources, including funding and inclusion of behavioral scientist experts on the scientific team, and trial-specific considerations (eg, target population) and methods.

Smoke at night and sleep worse? The associations between cigarette smoking with insomnia severity and sleep duration.

Objective: Insomnia is a clinically verified nicotine withdrawal symptom. As nicotine is a stimulant, it is plausible that smoking at night could disturb sleep more than smoking at earlier times of the day, but this remains empirically unclear. This study examined smoking status and its associations with insomnia severity and sleep duration while considering the potential role of smoking time.

Exhaled air dispersion and use of oronasal masks with continuous positive airway pressure during COVID-19.

https://bit.ly/39cC4m8

A single nucleotide polymorphism in the HOMER1 gene is associated with sleep latency and theta power in sleep electroencephalogram.

Glutamate is the most excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and it is involved in the initiation and maintaining of waking and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. Homer proteins act in the trafficking and/or clustering of metabotropic glutamate receptors, and polymorphisms in the HOMER1 gene have been associated with phenotypes related to glutamate signaling dysregulation. In this study, we report the association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the HOMER1 gene (rs3822568) with specific aspects of sleep in a sample of the Brazilian population.