Protein Intake, Metabolic Status and the Gut Microbiota in Different Ethnicities: Results from Two Independent Cohorts.

Background: Protein intake has been associated with the development of pre-diabetes (pre-T2D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The gut microbiota has the capacity to produce harmful metabolites derived from dietary protein. Furthermore, both the gut microbiota composition and metabolic status (e.

Evolution of Nutritional Status after Early Nutritional Management in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients.

: SARS-CoV2 infection is associated with an increased risk of malnutrition. Although there are numerous screening and nutritional management protocols for malnutrition, only few studies have reported nutritional evolution after COVID-19. The objectives of this study were to describe the evolution of nutritional parameters between admission and 30 days after hospital discharge, and to determine predictive factors of poor nutritional outcome after recovery in adult COVID-19 patients.

Using Positive Nudge to Promote Healthy Eating at Worksite: A Food Labeling Intervention.

Objective: To assess the effect and transferability of a workplace food labeling intervention.

Methods: Employees' purchase of food items in cafeterias of an international company was monitored in six intervention sites (one in France and five in the United States [US]) where green-labels were displayed in healthy food items. One cafeteria in France represented the control site.

Effectiveness of exercise training after bariatric surgery-a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials assessing exercise training programs in patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. We systematically searched exercise training studies performed after bariatric surgery published up to June 2017. Studies reporting changes in body composition, physical fitness, functional capacity, objectively measured physical activity, quality of life or relevant health outcomes were included.

Lack of interest in physical activity - individual and environmental attributes in adults across Europe: The SPOTLIGHT project.

A considerable proportion of European adults report little or no interest in physical activity. Identifying individual-level and environmental-level characteristics of these individuals can help designing effective interventions and policies to promote physical activity. This cross-sectional study additionally explored associations between level of interest and physical activity, after controlling for other individual and environmental variables.

Built environmental correlates of cycling for transport across Europe.

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine which objective built environmental factors, identified using a virtual neighbourhood audit, were associated with cycling for transport in adults living in five urban regions across Europe. The moderating role of age, gender, socio-economic status and country on these associations was also investigated. Overall, results showed that people living in neighbourhoods with a preponderance of speed limits below 30km/h, many bicycle lanes, with less traffic calming devices, more trees, more litter and many parked cars forming an obstacle on the road were more likely to cycle for transport than people living in areas with lower prevalence of these factors.

Physical Environmental Correlates of Domain-Specific Sedentary Behaviours across Five European Regions (the SPOTLIGHT Project).

Background: The relation between neighbourhood environmental factors and domain-specific sedentary behaviours among adults remains unclear. This study firstly aims to examine the association of perceived and objectively measured neighbourhood safety, aesthetics, destinations and functionality with transport-related, work-related and leisure-time sedentary behaviour. Secondly, the study aims to assess whether these associations are moderated by age, gender or educational level.

The associations between domain-specific sedentary behaviours and dietary habits in European adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the SPOTLIGHT survey.

Background: Sedentary behaviour has been associated with obesity and related chronic diseases. Disentangling the nature of this association is complicated due to interactions with other lifestyle factors, such as dietary habits, yet limited research has investigated the relation between domain-specific sedentary behaviours and dietary habits in adults. The aim of this paper was to examine the association between domain-specific sedentary behaviours and dietary habits in adults and to test the moderating effect of age and gender on this association.

A multistage controlled intervention to increase stair climbing at work: effectiveness and process evaluation.

Background: Stair climbing helps to accumulate short bouts of physical activity throughout the day as a strategy for attaining recommended physical activity levels. There exists a need for effective long-term stair-climbing interventions that can be transferred to various worksite settings. The aims of this study were: 1) to evaluate short- and long-term effectiveness of a worksite stair-climbing intervention using an objective measurement of stair climbing and a controlled design; and 2) to perform a process evaluation of the intervention.

Obesity-related behaviours and BMI in five urban regions across Europe: sampling design and results from the SPOTLIGHT cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: To describe the design, methods and first results of a survey on obesity-related behaviours and body mass index (BMI) in adults living in neighbourhoods from five urban regions across Europe.

Design: A cross-sectional observational study in the framework of an European Union-funded project on obesogenic environments (SPOTLIGHT).

Setting: 60 urban neighbourhoods (12 per country) were randomly selected in large urban zones in Belgium, France, Hungary, the Netherlands and the UK, based on high or low values for median household income (socioeconomic status, SES) and residential area density.

Determining the association between types of sedentary behaviours and cardiometabolic risk factors: A 6-year longitudinal study of French adults.

Aim: This study identified the longitudinal associations between leisure-time sedentary behaviours [television (TV) viewing, computer use and reading (h/week)] and cardiometabolic risk factors, including the metabolic syndrome.

Methods: A total of 2517 participants (mean±SD age: 55.5±4.

Descriptive study of sedentary behaviours in 35,444 French working adults: cross-sectional findings from the ACTI-Cités study.

Background: Given the unfavourable health outcomes associated with sedentary behaviours, there is a need to better understand the context in which these behaviours take place to better address this public health concern. We explored self-reported sedentary behaviours by type of day (work/non-work), occupation, and perceptions towards physical activity, in a large sample of adults.

Methods: We assessed sedentary behaviours cross-sectionally in 35,444 working adults (mean ± SD age: 44.

A RE-AIM evaluation of evidence-based multi-level interventions to improve obesity-related behaviours in adults: a systematic review (the SPOTLIGHT project).

Background: This systematic literature review describes the potential public health impact of evidence-based multi-level interventions to improve obesity-related behaviours in adults, using the Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework.

Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library) were searched to identify intervention studies published between January 2000 and October 2013. The following inclusion criteria were used: (1) the study included at least one outcome measure assessing obesity-related behaviours (i.

Stair-use interventions in worksites and public settings - a systematic review of effectiveness and external validity.

Objective: We performed a literature review with the main aims to propose an updated overview of the effectiveness of stair-use interventions and to determine the most effective type of intervention.

Methods: We systematically searched stair-use interventions performed in worksites or public settings, published up to mid 2013. We used a harvest plot approach to visualize the findings in addition to a quantitative synthesis.

Changes in sedentary behaviours and associations with physical activity through retirement: a 6-year longitudinal study.

Changes in sedentary behaviours and physical activity according to retirement status need to be better defined. Retirement is a critical life period that may influence a number of health behaviours. We assessed past-year sedentary behaviours (television, computer and reading time during leisure, occupational and domestic sitting time, in h/week) and physical activity (leisure, occupational and domestic, in h/week) over 6 years (2000-2001 and 2007) using the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire in 2,841 participants (mean age: 57.

The importance of the food and physical activity environments.

There is increasing interest in identifying characteristics of neighborhood environments (physical, social, economical) that might favor unhealthy dietary and physical activity patterns leading to excess weight at population level. Measurement of characteristics of the physical environment in relation to food and physical activity has greatly improved in recent years. Methods based on assessment of perceptions by residents of their neighborhood or on objective assessment of the actual built environment (such as provided by Geographic Information Systems tools) would benefit to be combined.