Functional Validation of Endogenous Redox Partner Reveals the Key P450s /- as Broad Substrate Metabolizers Conferring Cross-Resistance to Different Insecticide Classes in .

The versatility of cytochrome P450 reductase () in transferring electrons to P450s from other closely related species has been extensively exploited, e.g., by using (), as a homologous surrogate, to validate the role of P450s in insecticide resistance.

Contribution of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes to malaria transmission during the dry season in Djoumouna and Ntoula villages in the Republic of the Congo.

Background: Mosquitoes belonging to the Anopheles gambiae sensu lato complex play a major role in malaria transmission across Africa. This study assessed the relative importance of members of An. gambiae s.

Exploring the molecular mechanisms of increased intensity of pyrethroid resistance in Central African population of a major malaria vector .

Molecular mechanisms driving the escalation of pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria mosquitoes of Central Africa remain largely uncharacterized, hindering effective management strategies. Here, resistance intensity and the molecular mechanisms driving it were investigated in a population of from northern Cameroon. High levels of pyrethroid and organochloride resistance were observed in population, with no mortality for 1× permethrin; only 11% and 33% mortalities for 5× and 10× permethrin diagnostic concentrations, and <2% mortalities for deltamethrin and DDT, respectively.

Entomological indicators of Plasmodium species transmission in Goma Tsé-Tsé and Madibou districts, in the Republic of Congo.

Background: Malaria remains a major public health problem in the Republic of Congo, with Plasmodium falciparum being the deadliest species of Plasmodium in humans. Vector transmission of malaria is poorly studied in the country and no previous report compared rural and urban data. This study aimed to determine the Anopheles fauna and the entomological indices of malaria transmission in the rural and urban areas in the south of Brazzaville, and beyond.

Phages from Ganges River curtail in vitro biofilms and planktonic growth of drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a zebrafish infection model.

Bacteriophages are a promising alternative for curtailing infections caused by multi drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The objective of the present study is to evaluate phage populations from water bodies to inhibit planktonic and biofilm mode of growth of drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro and curtail planktonic growth in vivo in a zebrafish model. Phage specific to K.

Inhibition of HIV-1 gene transcription by KAP1 in myeloid lineage.

HIV-1 latency generates reservoirs that prevent viral eradication by the current therapies. To find strategies toward an HIV cure, detailed understandings of the molecular mechanisms underlying establishment and persistence of the reservoirs are needed. The cellular transcription factor KAP1 is known as a potent repressor of gene transcription.

Investigation of DDT resistance mechanisms in Anopheles funestus populations from northern and southern Benin reveals a key role of the GSTe2 gene.

Background: Understanding the molecular basis of insecticide resistance in mosquito, such as Anopheles funestus, is an important step in developing strategies to mitigate the resistance problem. This study aims to assess the role of the GSTe2 gene in DDT resistance and determine the genetic diversity of this gene in An. funestus.

Ferulic acid derivative inhibits NorA efflux and in combination with ciprofloxacin curtails growth of MRSA in vitro and in vivo.

A series of ferulic acid (FA) derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for its ability to inhibit NorA efflux in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), by in silico docking analysis. Based on prediction from glide scores and ability to reduce EtBr MIC, two of the ten derivatives S3- [4-((E)-2-(diethylcarbamoyl)vinyl)-2-methoxyphenyl acetate] and S6- [(E)-methyl 3-(4-((p-tolylcarbamoyl)methoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylate] were chosen as putative efflux pump inhibitors (EPI's). Time dependent accumulation studies revealed that S6 caused enhanced EtBr accumulation relative to standard NorA efflux inhibitor reserpine, in clinical isolate of MRSA (CIMRSA) and in NorA overexpressed strain of S.

The Rapid Degradation of Lambda-Cyhalothrin Makes Treated Vegetables Relatively Safe for Consumption.

Lambda-cyhalothrin (λ-cyhalothrin) is the most commonly used pyrethroid insecticide for vegetable farming in Benin. This insecticide is misused and overused by farmers, and hence may pose health hazards to consumers. We monitored λ-cyhalothrin residues in lettuce and cabbage from farms at the market gates in Cotonou and Parakou using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis techniques.