Prevalence and factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in health professionals in Togo, 2021.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among health professionals (HPs) in Togo

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: The study was conducted between 24 February and 3 March 2021 among HPs in Togo. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and intention of vaccination were collected using an online questionnaire.

Allogenous Selection of Mutational Collateral Resistance: Old Drugs Select for New Resistance Within Antibiotic Families.

Allogeneous selection occurs when an antibiotic selects for resistance to more advanced members of the same family. The mechanisms of allogenous selection are (a) collateral expansion, when the antibiotic expands the gene and gene-containing bacterial populations favoring the emergence of other mutations, inactivating the more advanced antibiotics; (b) collateral selection, when the old antibiotic selects its own resistance but also resistance to more modern drugs; (c) collateral hyper-resistance, when resistance to the old antibiotic selects in higher degree for populations resistant to other antibiotics of the family than to itself; and (d) collateral evolution, when the simultaneous or sequential use of antibiotics of the same family selects for new mutational combinations with novel phenotypes in this family, generally with higher activity (higher inactivation of the antibiotic substrates) or broader spectrum (more antibiotics of the family are inactivated). Note that in some cases, collateral selection derives from collateral evolution.

Prevalence of HER2 overexpression and amplification in cervical cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The reported rates of HER2 positivity in cervical cancer (CC) range from 0% to 87%. The importance of HER2 as an actionable target in CC would depend on HER2 positivity prevalence. Our aim was to provide precise estimates of HER2 overexpression and amplification in CC, globally and by relevant subgroups.

Efficacy of In Situ Methotrexate Injection in the Treatment of Nontubal Ectopic Pregnancies: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

Study Objective: Evaluation of the efficacy of different injection sites of methotrexate in the treatment of nontubal ectopic pregnancies.

Design: Retrospective multicenter study.

Setting: Multicenter, including 3 teaching hospitals, an intercommunal hospital, and a clinic.

Evolutionary Pathways and Trajectories in Antibiotic Resistance.

Evolution is the hallmark of life. Descriptions of the evolution of microorganisms have provided a wealth of information, but knowledge regarding "what happened" has precluded a deeper understanding of "how" evolution has proceeded, as in the case of antimicrobial resistance. The difficulty in answering the "how" question lies in the multihierarchical dimensions of evolutionary processes, nested in complex networks, encompassing all units of selection, from genes to communities and ecosystems.

Threats of antibiotic resistance: an obliged reappraisal.

We are living in a society of fear, where the objectivity in estimating risks is distorted by the media and the interested parties. During more than half of a century, the feeling of antibiotic resistance as an apocalyptic phenomenon able to push our society to the high mortality rates caused by infectious diseases in the dark pre-antibiotic ages has been steadily rising. However, at the current status of modern medicine, at least in the high-medium income countries, mortality by lack of efficacy of the antibiotic armamentarium in the therapy of infections is a problem, but not a catastrophe.

Direct Medical Costs, Productivity Loss Costs and Out-Of-Pocket Expenditures in Women with Breast Cancer in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Our objective was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to identify, categorise, assess, and synthesise the healthcare costs of patients with breast cancer (BC) and their relatives in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).

Methods: In December 2020, we searched for published data in PubMed, LILACS, EMBASE, and other sources, including the grey literature. Studies were eligible if they were conducted in LAC and reported the direct medical costs, productivity loss costs, out-of-pocket expenditure, and other costs to patients with BC and their relatives.

Development of physical activity and food built environment quality indicators for chronic diseases in Argentina.

Although obesity and non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention efforts to-date have focused mainly on individual level factors, the social and physical environments in which people live are now widely recognized as important social determinants of health. Obesogenic environments promote higher dietary energy intakes and sedentary behaviors, thus contributing to the obesity/NCD burden. To develop quality indicators (QIs) for measuring food and physical activity (PA)-built environments in municipalities.

Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Breast Cancer in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Objectives: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women. It imposes a huge disease burden and a significant impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Our study focused on HRQoL of patients with BC in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).

Quality of evidence matters: is it well reported and interpreted in infertility journals?

Purpose: To evaluate if the authors of published systematic reviews (SRs) reported the level of quality of evidence (QoE) in the top 5 impact factor infertility journals and to analyze if they used an appropriate wording to describe it.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. We searched in PubMed for SRs published in 2017 in the five infertility journals with the highest impact factor.

Punching above their weight: a network to understand broader determinants of increasing life expectancy.

Background: Life expectancy initially improves rapidly with economic development but then tails off. Yet, at any level of economic development, some countries do better, and some worse, than expected - they either punch above or below their weight. Why this is the case has been previously researched but no full explanation of the complexity of this phenomenon is available.

Prognosis of metastatic giant cell tumor of bone in the pre-denosumab era. A systematic review and a meta-analysis.

Background: Data on long-term prognosis of metastatic GCT (mGCT) is scant. The frequency of spontaneous regressions (SRs) is unknown. We aimed to estimate the prognosis of mGCT.

Intimate ties of people living with HIV in France resulted both from social status and the experience of being HIV-infected: results from the ANRS-Vespa2 study, France.

Based on data from the ANRS-Vespa2 study, conducted among a representative sample of PLWHIV (France, 2011), we studied intimate ties with relatives and friends and their determinants. Six social network profiles were identified, with a clear association with socioepidemiological groups: the most surrounded individuals were MSM, and the most isolated ones were sub-Saharan African migrants (especially women). Social networks were shaped both by material socioeconomic status and HIV experience: involvement in PLWHIV organizations, disclosure of HIV infection, and the experience of discrimination.

Conducting and Disseminating Epidemiological Systematic Reviews in Latin America and the Caribbean: Pitfalls and Lessons Learned.

Objectives: To describe the experience, pitfalls, and lessons learned in conducting and disseminating epidemiological systematic reviews (SRs) in Latin America and the Caribbean between 2007 and 2016.

Methods: We used a mixed-methods approach, including a descriptive cross-sectional study and a qualitative study of pitfalls and lessons learned. The following end points were analyzed: number of primary research studies included, country of origin, study design, risk of bias, citations in social media, number of researchers and experts involved, and time devoted by them to conduct SRs.

Basic Sciences Fertilizing Clinical Microbiology and Infection Management.

Basic sciences constitute the most abundant sources of creativity and innovation, as they are based on the passion of knowing. Basic knowledge, in close and fertile contact with medical and public health needs, produces distinct advancements in applied sciences. Basic sciences play the role of stem cells, providing material and semantics to construct differentiated tissues and organisms and enabling specialized functions and applications.

Prevalence of and factors associated with depression among people living with HIV in France.

Objectives: Depression is common among people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and is associated with poorer therapeutic outcomes and risky behaviours. We sought to estimate the prevalence of major depressive episode (MDE) across PLWHIV groups, to compare this with its prevalence in the general population and to assess factors associated with it.

Methods: We used data from the Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales (ANRS)-Vespa2 study, a national study on a representative sample of PLWHIV conducted in France in 2011.