Is Cancer Associated With Frailty? Results From a Longitudinal Study of Old Danish Twins.

Background: Although age is an important risk factor for both cancer and frailty, it is unclear whether cancer itself increases the risk of frailty. We aimed to assess the association between cancer and frailty in a longitudinal cohort of older Danish twins, taking familial effect into account.

Methods: Using the Danish Cancer Registry, cancer cases were identified among participants aged 70 and over in the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins (LSADT).

Rod-shaped micropatterning enhances the electrophysiological maturation of cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells.

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) offer great potential for drug screening and disease modeling. However, hiPSC-CMs remain immature compared to the adult cardiac cells. Cardiomyocytes isolated from adult human hearts have a typical rod-shaped morphology.

Occupational exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and brain tumor risk: Application of the INTEROCC job-exposure matrix.

Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF, 100 kHz to 300 GHz) are classified by IARC as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). This study evaluates the potential association between occupational RF-EMF exposure and brain tumor risk, utilizing for the first time, a RF-EMF job-exposure matrix (RF-JEM) developed in the multi-country INTEROCC case-control study. Cumulative and time-weighted average (TWA) occupational RF-EMF exposures were estimated for study participants based on lifetime job histories linked to the RF-JEM using three different methods: (1) by considering RF-EMF intensity among all exposed jobs, (2) by considering RF-EMF intensity among jobs with an exposure prevalence ≥ the median exposure prevalence of all exposed jobs, and (3) by considering RF-EMF intensity of jobs of participants who reported RF-EMF source use.

Identification of microenvironment features associated with primary resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 + antiangiogenesis in gastric cancer through spatial transcriptomics and plasma proteomics.

Anti-angiogenic agents elicit considerable immune modulatory effects within the tumor microenvironment, underscoring the rationale for synergistic clinical development of VEGF and immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Early phase studies involving Asian patients demonstrated encouraging anti-tumor efficacies. We report the results of the REGOMUNE phase II study, in which Caucasian patients were administered regorafenib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in combination with avelumab, a PD-L1-targeting monoclonal antibody.

Improving Ebola virus disease outbreak control through targeted post-exposure prophylaxis.

Ebola virus disease kills more than half of people infected. Since the disease is transmitted via close human contact, identifying individuals at the highest risk of developing the disease is possible on the basis of the type of contact (correlated with viral exposure). Different candidates for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP; ie, vaccines, antivirals, and monoclonal antibodies) each have their specific benefits and limitations, which we discuss in this Viewpoint.

[Development of Normative Data for the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) in the Elderly Population of Chile: A Multi-City Study].

Background: The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is one of the most widely used tests to assess the global cognitive deterioration of older adults. There are many versions of this Test in Spanish. A validation study was previously conducted in Chile, but to date, no standards computed from a large population sample are available.

Association of cardiovascular disease risk with liver steatosis and fibrosis in people with HIV in low- and middle-income countries.

Objective: The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and liver steatosis and fibrosis among people with HIV (PLWH) at least 40 years of age on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low and middle-income countries (LMIC).

Design: We used cross-sectional behavioral and clinical data collected during study enrollment visits in 2020-2022 for the Sentinel Research Network of International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (SRN of IeDEA).

Methods: Ten-year CVD risk was calculated using 2019 WHO nonlaboratory and laboratory models.

Trajectories of long-term exposure to PCB153 and Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) air pollution and risk of breast cancer.

Background: While genetic, hormonal, and lifestyle factors partially elucidate the incidence of breast cancer, emerging research has underscored the potential contribution of air pollution. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are of particular concern due to endocrine-disrupting properties and their carcinogenetic effect.

Objective: To identify distinct long term trajectories of exposure to PCB153 and BaP, and estimate their associations with breast cancer risk.

Impact of organized and opportunistic screening on excess mortality and on social inequalities in breast cancer survival.

In most developed countries, both organized screening (OrgS) and opportunistic screening (OppS) coexist. The literature has extensively covered the impact of organized screening on women's survival after breast cancer. However, the impact of opportunistic screening has been less frequently described due to the challenge of identifying the target population.

Transition to dolutegravir-based ART in 35 low- and middle-income countries: a global survey of HIV care clinics.

Objective: We studied the transition to dolutegravir-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) at HIV treatment clinics within the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA).

Design: Site-level survey conducted in 2020-2021 among HIV clinics in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods: We assessed the status of dolutegravir rollout and viral load and drug resistance testing practices for persons on ART switching to dolutegravir-based regimens.

Factors associated with non-response and nutrional status of non-responders at 6-month post-discharge: a cohort study nested in a MUAC-based nutrition programme for acutely malnourished children in Mirriah, Niger.

Background: In the treatment of acute malnutrition (AM), non-response is considered a treatment failure for not meeting recovery criteria within a therapeutic window of 12-16 weeks, but this category of children is misunderstood. As current research emphasizes ways to simplify and optimize treatment protocols, non-response emerges as a new issue to enhance program efficiency.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted from 2019 to 2020 at two health centres in Mirriah, Niger among children aged 6-59 months with uncomplicated AM treated under the Optimising treatment for Acute MAlnutrition (OptiMA) protocol.

Differential times of submission and approval of CFTR modulators for the treatment of Cystic Fibrosis in the United States and the European Union.

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the differential times of submission and approval of CFTR modulators in the United States (US) and the European Union (EU).

Methods: By collecting publicly available data from the websites of the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency, we quantified differential times in submission, review duration, and approvals of initial marketing authorization and variation of indications of CFTR modulators in the US and the EU by December 31, 2023.

Results: Applications regarding marketing of 4 CFTR modulators were submitted 103 (SD ±143) days later in the EU than in the US: 31 (SD ±39) days later for initial approval, and 124 (SD ±155) days for supplemental indications.

Hair cortisol concentrations across pregnancy and maternal postpartum depressive symptoms - The ELFE cohort.

Postpartum depression and depressive symptoms have a major impact on maternal and infant health and well-being, yet to date their aetiology remains unclear. One hypothesis suggests a link between these symptoms and variations in prenatal cortisol levels, but existing evidence is limited and inconclusive. This study aims to provide additional evidence to disentangle the relationship between prenatal cortisol concentrations and subsequent occurrence of postpartum depressive symptoms.

Clonal succession after prolonged antiretroviral therapy rejuvenates CD8 T cell responses against HIV-1.

Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection is characterized by a dynamic and persistent state of viral replication that overwhelms the host immune system in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The impact of prolonged treatment on the antiviral efficacy of HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells has nonetheless remained unknown. Here, we used single-cell technologies to address this issue in a cohort of aging individuals infected early during the pandemic and subsequently treated with continuous ART.

Online collaborative research on seasonal work. Collective capabilities to resist on precarious work and living conditions.

Background: The number of seasonal workers in the agricultural sector in France is increasing and their working conditions are difficult and disgraceful. While they have been shown in various studies to be subject to processes that result in them being unable to act on occupational health, some of them, mobilized online, have formed a collective whose is permitted them to develop collective actions.

Objectives: Our article aims to describe this online collective and how the power to act emerged from the discussions.

HIV-1 subtype-specific drug resistance on dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy: protocol for a multicentre study (DTG RESIST).

Introduction: HIV drug resistance poses a challenge to the United Nation's goal of ending the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The integrase strand transfer inhibitor (InSTI) dolutegravir, which has a higher resistance barrier, was endorsed by the WHO in 2019 for first-line, second-line and third-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). This multiplicity of roles of dolutegravir in ART may facilitate the emergence of dolutegravir resistance.

Presentation and Outcomes of Lassa Fever in Children in Nigeria: A Prospective Cohort Study (LASCOPE).

Background: Data on the presentation, management, and outcomes of Lassa fever (LF) in children are limited.

Methods: Description of the clinical and biological features, treatment, and outcomes of reverse transcriptase and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed LF in children aged under 15, enrolled in the LASsa fever clinical COurse and Prognostic factors in an Epidemic context (LASCOPE) prospective cohort study in Nigeria between April 2018 and February 2023.

Results: One hundred twenty-four children (aged under 12 months: 19; over 12 months: 105) were hospitalized with RT-PCR-confirmed LF.

Integrative Multiomics in the Lung Reveals a Protective Role of Asporin in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Background: Integrative multiomics can elucidate pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) pathobiology, but procuring human PAH lung samples is rare.

Methods: We leveraged transcriptomic profiling and deep phenotyping of the largest multicenter PAH lung biobank to date (96 disease and 52 control) by integration with clinicopathologic data, genome-wide association studies, Bayesian regulatory networks, single-cell transcriptomics, and pharmacotranscriptomics.

Results: We identified 2 potentially protective gene network modules associated with vascular cells, and we validated , coding for asporin, as a key hub gene that is upregulated as a compensatory response to counteract PAH.

Implementation of a patient reminder system in Haiti in a socio-political crisis context: evaluation of outcomes.

Background: In Haiti, patient's adherence to treatment and compliance with medical appointments are very challenging due to different local factors. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a reminder system implemented in health facilities in Haiti in a context of socio-political crisis.

Methods: We used appointment data from patients aged 15 years and older between January 2021 and November 2023 from four healthcare centers in the Port-au-Prince metropolitan area.

Access to primary care and mortality in excess for patients with cancer in France: Results from 21 French Cancer Registries.

Background: The impact of geographical accessibility on cancer survival has been investigated in few studies, with most research focusing on access to reference care centers, using overall mortality and limited to specific cancer sites. This study aims to examine the association of access to primary care with mortality in excess of patients with the 10 most frequent cancers in France, while controlling for socioeconomic deprivation.

Methods: This study included a total of 151,984 cases diagnosed with the 10 most common cancer sites in 21 French cancer registries between 2013 and 2015.

Developmental approach of safety in ergonomics/human factors: insights of constructed safety in six work environments.

This article brings together works on the concept of constructed safety in ergonomics, carried out over the last twenty-five years. Firstly, we situate this approach to safety in relation to previously developed existing models (e.g.