Revisiting Fat Graft Harvesting and Processing Technique to Optimize Its Regenerative Potential.

Background: The use of fat grafting has expanded to include cell and tissue regeneration, necessitating investigations to ensure the viability of stromal and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) within the transferred fat parcels. This study explored the impact of harvesting technique and centrifugation on the viability of stromal cells and ASCs in lipoaspirate.

Methods: Fat was harvested from patients undergoing fat grafting using 2 types of liposuction cannula: (A) a 3-mm blunt tip cannula with 3 smooth holes and (B) a 2.

Germinal Center B Cells are Uniquely Targeted by Antibody-Suppressor CXCR5CD8 T Cells.

Background: Alloprimed antibody-suppressor CXCR5CD8 T cells (CD8 T cells) downregulate alloantibody production, mediate cytotoxicity of IgG B cells, and prolong allograft survival. The purpose of this investigation was to determine which immune-cell subsets are susceptible to CD8 T cell-mediated cytotoxicity or noncytotoxic suppression.

Methods: Alloprimed immune-cell subsets were evaluated for susceptibility to CD8 T cell-mediated in vitro cytotoxicity and/or suppression of intracellular cytokine expression.

Secretome of the Olfactory Ensheathing Cells Influences the Behavior of Neural Stem Cells.

Olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation demonstrates promising therapeutic results in neurological disorders, such as spinal cord injury. The emerging cell-free secretome therapy compensates for the limitations of cell transplantation, such as low cell survival rates. However, the therapeutic benefits of the human OEC secretome remain unclear.

CAR-T cell therapy in developing countries: how long should we wait?

Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face a significant burden of cancer prevalence and incidence. However, the survival rates for patients with cancer in these regions are notably lower than those in high-income countries, primarily due to late diagnosis and limited access to advanced treatments. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has demonstrated promising outcomes in certain terminally ill patients with cancer, yet access to this treatment remains limited in LMICs, including Nepal.

Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers.

Background: Chronic nonhealing neuropathic foot ulcers affect approximately 15% to 30% of patients with diabetes mellitus and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although current strategies to address these chronic wounds include a multifactorial approach, clinical outcomes remain poor and warrant improvement. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), derived from autologous or allogeneic blood, is an emerging regenerative product that aims to serve as an adjuvant to standard diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) treatment.

Intracellular CIRP promotes liver regeneration via STAT3 signaling pathway activation after partial hepatectomy in mice.

Cold‑inducible RNA‑binding protein (CIRP) is a cold shock protein implicated in the regulation of multiple biological processes depending on its cellular localization. However, to the best of our knowledge, the role of CIRP in liver regeneration and injury after hepatectomy has not been investigated. The present study was therefore designed to explore whether CIRP is involved in liver regeneration after hepatectomy and its specific role and underlying molecular mechanism.

Biophysical mapping of TREM2-ligand interactions reveals shared surfaces for engagement of multiple Alzheimer's disease ligands.

TREM2 is a signaling receptor expressed on microglia that has emerged as an important drug target for Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. While a number of TREM2 ligands have been identified, little is known regarding the structural details of how they engage. To better understand this, we created a protein library of 28 different TREM2 variants that could be used to map interactions with various ligands using biolayer interferometry.

TBK1 Targeting Is Identified as a Therapeutic Strategy to Enhance CAR T-Cell Efficacy Using Patient-Derived Organotypic Tumor Spheroids.

Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to improve the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells as a treatment of solid tumors. Multiple tumor microenvironmental factors are thought to contribute to resistance to CAR T-cell therapy in solid tumors, and appropriate model systems to identify and examine these factors using clinically relevant biospecimens are limited. In this study, we examined the activity of B7-H3-directed CAR T cells (B7-H3.

Cold atmospheric plasma potentiates ferroptosis via EGFR(Y1068)-mediated dual axes on GPX4 among triple negative breast cancer cells.

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been proposed as an emerging onco-therapeutics that can specifically kill cancer cells without harming healthy cells. Here we explore its potency in triggering ferroptosis in transformed cells using triple negative breast cancer as the disease model. Through the whole transcriptome sequencing, mass spectrometry analysis, point mutation, and a series of and molecular assays, we identified two signaling axes centered at EGFR(Y1068), i.

H3K36 methylation regulates cell plasticity and regeneration in the intestinal epithelium.

Plasticity is needed during development and homeostasis to generate diverse cell types from stem and progenitor cells. Following differentiation, plasticity must be restricted in specialized cells to maintain tissue integrity and function. For this reason, specialized cell identity is stable under homeostatic conditions; however, cells in some tissues regain plasticity during injury-induced regeneration.

Histological Evaluation of Sodium Iodide-Based Root Canal Filling Materials in Canine Teeth.

A novel water-soluble root canal filling material based on sodium iodide (NaI) has been developed to overcome the limitations of existing iodine-based formulations. However, the biological stability of this approach in animal studies remains unverified. This study evaluated the biocompatibility of NaI compared to commercial root canal filling materials (Calcipex II and Vitapex) in pulpectomized canine teeth to assess its clinical applicability.

Exploring the Antioxidant Mechanisms of Nanoceria in Protecting HT22 Cells from Oxidative Stress.

An excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress, is a major factor in aging. Antioxidant therapies are considered crucial for delaying aging. Nanoceria, a nanozyme with antioxidant activity, holds significant potential in protecting cells from oxidative stress-induced damage.

DHODH Inhibition Suppresses and Inhibits the Growth of Medulloblastoma in a Novel In Vivo Zebrafish Model.

Background/objectives: Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common high-grade paediatric brain tumour, with group 3 MB patients having the worst prognosis. A high prevalence of group 3 tumours shows overexpression of the oncogene, making it a potential therapeutic target. However, attempts to directly inhibit have so far demonstrated limited success.

Correlation Among Psoriasis, Iridocyclitis, and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Insights from Mendelian Randomization and Mediation Analysis.

The aim of this study is to utilize two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential causal relationship among psoriasis, iridocyclitis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to explore any potential mediation effects. Pooled data were derived from the public genome-wide association study (GWAS) in NAFLD (finn-b-NAFLD), iridocyclitis (finn-b-H7_IRIDOCYCLITIS) and psoriasis (finn-b-L12_PSORI_VULG). Univariable MR (UVMR) analysis was implemented to explore the causal relationship among psoriasis, iridocyclitis, and NAFLD, and inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the primary analytical method.

Treatment of severe traumatic brain injury with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles: a case report.

Objective: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from regenerative mesenchymal stem cells might safely treat traumatic brain injury (TBI). We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell EVs (hBM-MSC EV) investigational product (IP) in a patient with severe TBI.

Design: A single case study employing an IP with a strong safety profile in over 200 patients.

Optimizing RNA extraction methods for high-throughput transcriptome sequencing of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cardiac tissue specimens.

Archived FFPE cardiac tissue specimens are valuable for molecular studies aimed at identifying biomarkers linked to mortality in cardiovascular disease. Establishing a reliable and reproducible RNA extraction method is critical for generating high-quality transcriptome sequences for molecular assays. Here, the efficiency of four RNA extraction methods: Qiagen AllPrep DNA/RNA method (Method QP); Qiagen AllPrep DNA/RNA method with protocol modification on the ethanol wash step after deparaffinization (Method QE); CELLDATA RNA extraction (Method BP) and CELLDATA RNA extraction with protocol modifications on the lysis step (Method BL) was compared on 23 matching FFPE cardiac tissue specimens (n = 92).

tRNA modifications: greasing the wheels of translation and beyond.

Transfer RNA (tRNA) is one of the most abundant RNA types in cells, acting as an adaptor to bridge the genetic information in mRNAs with the amino acid sequence in proteins. Both tRNAs and small fragments processed from them play many nonconventional roles in addition to translation. tRNA molecules undergo various types of chemical modifications to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of translation and regulate their diverse functions beyond translation.

Association between the female hormone intake and cardiovascular disease in the women: a study based on NHANES 1999-2020.

Although many studies have reported the relationship between female hormone intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) development, their association has not been fully elucidated and defined, based on data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey intending to assess the health and nutritional status of non-institutionalized children and adults in the United States. This study examined the relationship between female hormone intake and coronary artery disease (CVD) development in 38,745 women, averaging 38.10 ± 12.

In-Depth Analysis of Tissue Phosphoproteomics with TiO Enrichment and Fractionation with High-pH Reversed-Phase Chromatography.

Protein phosphorylation is an important post-translational modification that regulates almost all cellular processes, such as cellular metabolism, growth, differentiation, signal transduction, and gene regulation. Mass spectrometry, which acts as an automated and sensitive method, enables global analysis of protein phosphorylation. However, several technical challenges need to be addressed when analyzing protein phosphorylation in a global manner.

Integration of clinical outcomes and molecular features in extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable despite novel therapeutics. A major contributor to the development of relapsed/refractory and resistant MM is extraosseous extramedullary disease (EMD), whose molecular biology is still not fully understood. We analyzed 528 MM patients who presented to our institution between 2014 and 2021 and who had undergone molecular testing.

Programming the elongation of mammalian cell aggregates with synthetic gene circuits.

A key goal of synthetic morphogenesis is the identification and implementation of methods to control morphogenesis. One line of research is the use of synthetic genetic circuits guiding the self-organization of cell ensembles. This approach has led to several recent successes, including control of cellular rearrangements in 3D via control of cell-cell adhesion by user-designed artificial genetic circuits.

Hypersensitive meta-crack strain sensor for real-time biomedical monitoring.

Real-time monitoring of infinitesimal deformations on complex morphologies is essential for precision biomechanical engineering. While flexible strain sensors facilitate real-time monitoring with shape-adaptive properties, their sensitivity is generally lower than spectroscopic imaging methods. Crack-based strain sensors achieve enhanced sensitivity with gauge factors (GFs) exceeding 30,000; however, such GFs are only attainable at large strains exceeding several percent and decline below 10 for strains under 10, rendering them inadequate for minute deformations.

Efficacy of cold and cryo-preserved nerve allografts with low-dose FK506 for motor nerve regeneration: a preclinical study.

Background: Despite their ability to regenerate as well as autografts, the use of nerve allografts is limited by the need for immunosuppression and the risk of disease transmission. Further, decellularized allografts lacking Schwann cells limit axonal regeneration in long nerve defects. This study evaluated sciatic nerve regeneration in rats implanted with cold- or cryopreserved allografts, and examined the effects of FK506, an immunosuppressant that targets calcineurin function, on motor recovery.

Spatial transcriptomic clocks reveal cell proximity effects in brain ageing.

Old age is associated with a decline in cognitive function and an increase in neurodegenerative disease risk. Brain ageing is complex and is accompanied by many cellular changes. Furthermore, the influence that aged cells have on neighbouring cells and how this contributes to tissue decline is unknown.