An integrated approach to coupled nutrient and microbial source tracking in an agricultural watershed.

Estuaries often experience multiple water quality impairments including nitrogen enrichment and elevated fecal pollution. These pollutant sources are often linked and difficult to characterize, especially in multiple use watersheds, hindering the identification of effective mitigation steps. Tillamook Bay (Oregon, USA) has a mixed-use watershed including many potential nutrient and fecal bacteria sources due to agricultural activities, human development, and local wildlife populations.

In-use dissipation of technology-critical elements from vehicles and renewable energy technologies in Vienna, Austria: A public health matter?

The rollout of electric vehicles and photovoltaic panels is essential to mitigate climate change. However, they depend on technology-critical elements (TCEs), which can be harmful to human health and whose use is rapidly expanding, while recycling is lacking. While mining has received substantial attention, in-use dissipation in urban areas has so far not been assessed, for example, corrosion and abrasion of vehicle components and weather-related effects affecting thin-film photovoltaic panels.

Ethics, One Health approaches, and SDGs: conference lessons for an emerging field.

One Health ethics is an emerging field that has gained traction since its origin in approximately 2015. This article builds upon the insights shared during a panel discussion on at the 28th Annual International Sustainable Development Research Society Conference. The conference, themed aimed to advance and expand recent knowledge in the field.

Salmonellosis outbreak associated with the consumption of food at a wedding in an urban restaurant in Kazakhstan: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: From June 13-16, 2022, a regional epidemiological department in Kazakhstan reported an increase in acute gastroenteritis cases among people who consumed food from a wedding at a restaurant. An investigation was initiated to determine factors associated with acute intestinal infection and prevent further illness.

Methods: The investigation team conducted a retrospective cohort study among people who consumed event food.

Association between ambient temperatures and cardiovascular disease: A time series analysis using emergency ambulance dispatches in Chongqing, China, 2019-2021.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death globally. Yet, further research is required into the relationship between CVD and extreme environmental temperatures. This study aims to explore the association between the incidence of CVD and extreme temperatures, and also to identify susceptible subgroups within the population.

Associations between health-related quality of life, infertility-related psychological well-being, and relationship quality in individuals with endometriosis: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Endometriosis is the most frequent gynecological diseases and accompanied by both physical and psychological symptoms. An increasing number of studies suggested acknowledging endometriosis as a systematic disease due to the multifactorial effects throughout the body. The chronic disease significantly impacts daily life, including romantic relationships.

Predicting the Effects of Ozone on Long-Term Growth of Aspen Trees Using Response Functions Developed From Seedlings Grown in Field Chambers.

Tropospheric ozone (O) is among the most pervasive and harmful air pollutants known to affect ecosystems. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency and other agencies are tasked with protecting plants and ecosystems from harmful O exposures. Controlled exposure experiments conducted in field open-top chambers (OTCs) with small tree seedlings have been used to estimate empirical models of tree growth in response to O exposure for more than 16 species.

Which prenatal biomarker is most appropriate for methylmercury dose-response for neurodevelopmental effects?

Developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) is a well-established hazard attributed to methylmercury (MeHg) exposure. This evidence is based primarily upon includes studies that measured biomarkers of MeHg exposure in samples of maternal hair and blood, and cord blood. The aim of this review was to investigate which of these prenatal biomarkers is most appropriate for quantifying the DNT effects attributed to MeHg.

High interest for long-acting injectable PrEP among men who have sex with men at most risk for HIV in San Francisco, 2021.

Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) represent a disproportionate total of incident HIV cases. Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has contributed to significant declines in total HIV incidence. Barriers to PrEP include individual and structural factors that can prevent PrEP adherence and persistence.

Encountering Prescribed Fire: Characterizing the Intersection of Prescribed Fire and Wildfire in the CONUS.

Prescribed fire is applied across the United States as a fuel treatment to manage the impact of wildfires and restore ecosystems. While the recent application of prescribed fire has largely been confined to the southeastern US, the increase in catastrophic wildfires has accelerated the growth of prescribed fire more broadly. To effectively achieve wildfire risk reduction benefits, which includes reducing the amount of smoke emitted, the area treated by prescribed fire must come into contact with a subsequent wildfire.

Winners and Losers From Climate Change: An Analysis of Climate Thresholds for Tree Growth and Survival for Roughly 150 Species Across the Contiguous United States.

Changes in temperature and precipitation are already influencing US forests and that will continue in the future even as we mitigate climate change. Using spatiotemporally matched data for mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP), we used simulated annealing to estimate critical thresholds for changes in the growth and survival of roughly 150 tree species (153 spp. for growth, 159 spp.

Development of a Microphysiological Cartilage-on-Chip Platform for Dynamic Biomechanical Stimulation of Three-Dimensional Encapsulated Chondrocytes in Agarose Hydrogels.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent joint diseases globally, characterized by the progressive breakdown of articular cartilage, resulting in chronic pain, stiffness, and loss of joint function. Despite its significant socioeconomic impact, therapeutic options remain limited, largely due to an incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving cartilage degradation and OA pathogenesis. Recent advances in in vitro modeling have revolutionized joint tissue research, transitioning from simplistic two-dimensional cell cultures to sophisticated three-dimensional (3D) constructs that more accurately mimic the physiological microenvironment of native cartilage.

Validation of the PECUNIA reference unit costs templates in Spain: a useful tool for multi-national economic evaluations of health technologies.

Background: The PECUNIA Project was funded by the H2020 programme in which 10 partners from six countries participated. The aim was to develop standardized, harmonized and validated methods and tools to calculate costs in different sectors (such as health and social care, education among others), with the purpose of facilitating comparability of economic evaluations of health technologies across European countries. In this paper we report the first validation of the developed reference unit cost templates in Spain.

Identification of Predictors of Shift Work Adaptation and Its Association With Immune, Hormonal and Metabolite Biomarkers.

We explored predictors of shift work adaptation and how it relates to disease risk biomarker levels. These analyses included 38 male, rotating shift workers, sampled twice at the end of a 3-week night shift and a 3-week day shift rotation. Participants collected all 24-h urine voids, wore activity sensors, and responded to questionnaires during each shift.

New Antioxidant Caffeate Esters of Fatty Alcohols Identified in .

The stem bark of black locust ( L.) was extracted, and nine antioxidant compounds (-) were detected by high-performance thin-layer chromatography combined with the radical scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) assay, multi-detection, and heated electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry. For structure elucidation, the methanolic crude extract was fractionated by solid-phase extraction, and the compounds were isolated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection.

Bioactive Peptides in Greek Goat Colostrum: Relevance to Human Metabolism.

Colostrum is essential for the survival and development of newborn mammals. This primary source of nourishment during the first days of infant life is rich in functional components conductive to the enhancement of neonate immunity and growth. Compared with mature milk, a higher protein and peptide content is observed in colostrum, whilst it is low in fat and carbohydrates.

[Recent advances in organ-system-specific biological age].

Biological age (BA) is a marker to accurately assess aging, facilitating the prediction of age-related diseases and promoting healthy aging. In recent years, first- and second-generation organ-system-specific BA has been developed using chronological age (CA) or aging-related outcomes (mortality) as training phenotypes and data from questionnaires, physical examinations, clinical biochemistry, imaging, and multi-omics to investigate the specificity of organ systems aging. Here, we review the methodologies for constructing BA, current efforts to assess organ system-specific BA, and related genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

The relationship between anticholinergic burden and frailty in the year preceding a diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies.

Introduction: Little is known regarding the relationship between anticholinergic medications and frailty in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

Methods: Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale (ACB) and Claims-based Frailty Index scores were calculated for 12 months prior to the dementia diagnosis using electronic medical record and claims data. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between ACB and odds of frailty.

Outcome of IWGT workshop on transcriptomic biomarkers for genotoxicity: Key considerations for bioinformatics.

As a part of the International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT) in 2022, a workgroup was formed to evaluate the level of validation and regulatory acceptance of transcriptomic biomarkers that identify genotoxic substances. Several such biomarkers have been developed using various molecular techniques and computational approaches. Within the IWGT workgroup on transcriptomic biomarkers, bioinformatics was a central topic of discussion, focusing on the current approaches used to process the underlying molecular data to distill a reliable predictive signal; that is, a gene set that is indicative of genotoxicity and can then be used in later studies to predict potential DNA damaging properties for uncharacterized chemicals.

Phenotypic vs. Genetic Mismatch of BMI and Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence from Two Perspective Cohort Studies.

Little is known about the population-based mismatch between phenotypic and genetic BMI (BMI-PGM) and its association with type 2 diabetes. We therefore used data from the China Kadoorie Biobank and UK Biobank and calculated BMI-PGM for each participant as the difference between the percentile for adjusted BMI at baseline and the percentile for adjusted polygenic risk score for BMI. Participants were categorized into discordantly low (BMI-PGM< the 1st quartile), concordant (the 1st quartile ≤BMI-PGM View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Simulated burn pit smoke condensates cause sustained impact on human airway epithelial cells.

Inhalation of smoke from burn pits during military deployment is associated with several adverse pulmonary outcomes. We exposed human airway epithelial cells to smoke condensates from burn pit waste materials. Single and repeated exposure of condensates triggered unique and common responses in terms of gene expression, that sustained through the recovery phase.

Sample composition and HIV prevention indicator differences using physical vs. virtual venue recruitment of men who have sex with men in San Francisco.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the sampling method for the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) in San Francisco changed from physical venue time-location sampling (TLS) to online or virtual venue TLS for men who have sex with men (MSM). We present differences in the samples of MSM recruited using physical venue TLS in 2017 and virtual venue TLS in 2021. We further assess changes in preventive and risk behaviors from 2017 to 2021 after controlling for differences in the sample compositions with multivariable Poisson models using GLM with robust standard errors.