A randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pramipexole in addition to mood stabilisers for patients with treatment-resistant bipolar depression (the PAX-BD study).

Background: Options for 'treatment-resistant bipolar depression' (TRBD) are limited. Two small, short-term, trials of pramipexole suggest it might be an option.

Aims: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of pramipexole in the management of TRBD.

[Statistical methods for extremely unbalanced data in genome-wide association study (2)].

Extremely unbalanced data refers to datasets with independent or dependent variables showing severe imbalances in proportions, which might lead to deviation of classical test statistics from theoretical distribution and difficulties in controlling type Ⅰ error. The increased availability of genome-wide resources from large population cohorts has highlighted the growing demand for efficient and accurate statistical methods for the process of extremely unbalanced data to improve the development of genetic statistical methods. This paper introduces two widely used correction methods in current genome-wide association study for extremely unbalanced data, i.

[Distribution characteristics and heritability of alcohol consumption behavior in adult twins in China].

To describe the distribution characteristics of alcohol consumption in adult twins in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR), and further explore the influence of genetic factors on alcohol consumption in adult twins. The subjects of the study were twins registered by CNTR in 11 project areas across China from 2010 to 2018. A total of 56 966 twins (28 483 pairs) aged 18 years and above who answered questions about drinking behavior were included, and the random effect model was used to describe the population and regional distribution characteristics of alcohol consumption.

[Adiposity-related anthropometric parameters, indoles and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Chinese adults: a prospective cohort study].

To investigate the relationship of several adiposity-related anthropometric parameters, including BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage (BFP) and indoles in plasma with the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in adults in China. In China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study, blood samples were collected from 2 183 participants in the first resurvey in 2008 to detect indoles. Participants' body weight, body height, WC, hip circumference, and BFP were measured at baseline survey in 2004 and resurvey in 2008, the BMI and WHR were calculated with standardized methods.

[Growing global public health challenges].

Global public health is currently undergoing unprecedented and complex changes. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed vulnerabilities and weaknesses of the global health system, urging nations globally to prioritize pandemic prevention and response strategies. Simultaneously, emerging infectious diseases such as mpox and avian influenza, as well as re-emerging infectious diseases including tuberculosis, AIDS, and viral hepatitis, continue to pose threats to global public health security.

Cerebrovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis patients: insights from carotid artery atherosclerosis in the Paracelsus 10,000 study.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease marked by systemic inflammation. While RA primarily affects the joints, its systemic effects may lead to an increased cerebro- and cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries is a significant risk factor for cerebrovascular events and serves as a surrogate marker for cardiovascular risk.

Global infectious disease early warning models: An updated review and lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic.

An early warning model for infectious diseases is a crucial tool for timely monitoring, prevention, and control of disease outbreaks. The integration of diverse multi-source data using big data and artificial intelligence techniques has emerged as a key approach in advancing these early warning models. This paper presents a comprehensive review of widely utilized early warning models for infectious diseases around the globe.

General Kernel Machine Methods for Multi-Omics Integration and Genome-Wide Association Testing With Related Individuals.

Integrating multi-omics data may help researchers understand the genetic underpinnings of complex traits and diseases. However, the best ways to integrate multi-omics data and use them to address pressing scientific questions remain a challenge. One important and topical problem is how to assess the aggregate effect of multiple genomic data types (e.

Effects of population aging on quality of life and disease burden: a population-based study.

Background: As population aging intensifies, it becomes increasingly important to elucidate the casual relationship between aging and changes in population health. Therefore, our study proposed to develop a systematic attribution framework to comprehensively evaluate the health impacts of population aging.

Methods: We used health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) to measure quality of life and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) to quantify the burden of disease for the population of Guangzhou.

Genomic and phenotypic correlates of mosaic loss of chromosome Y in blood.

Mosaic loss of Y (mLOY) is the most common somatic chromosomal alteration detected in human blood. The presence of mLOY is associated with altered blood cell counts and increased risk of Alzheimer disease, solid tumors, and other age-related diseases. We sought to gain a better understanding of genetic drivers and associated phenotypes of mLOY through analyses of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of a large set of genetically diverse males from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program.

Identifying risk factors for vomiting during diarrhea: A secondary analysis of a randomized trial of zinc supplementation.

Objectives: Supplemental zinc during acute diarrhea reduces illness duration but also increases vomiting. In a recent trial, we found that children receiving lower daily doses of zinc (5 mg or 10 mg vs. 20 mg) had lower rates of vomiting with comparable stool output and duration of diarrhea.

Associations of Exposure to 56 Serum Trace Elements with the Prevalence and Severity of Acute Myocardial Infarction: Omics, Mixture, and Mediation Analysis.

Several studies have reported associations between specific heavy metals and essential trace elements and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, there is limited understanding of the relationships between trace elements and AMI in real-life co-exposure scenarios, where multiple elements may interact simultaneously. This cross-sectional study measured serum levels of 56 trace elements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Assessing the Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections among Men who have Sex with Men in San Francisco during COVID-19: A Socio-ecological Analysis.

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections, a disparity that has only worsened in recent years. During the COVID-19 pandemic, an overall increasing trend remained.

Methods: We utilized data from the MSM cycle of the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) study in San Francisco, California, conducted from June 2021 through December 2021, to identify socio-ecological disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic that were associated with sexually transmitted infections.

Endothelial IGFBP6 suppresses vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.

Beyond dyslipidemia, inflammation contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. However, intrinsic factors that counteract vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis remain scarce. Here we identify insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (IGFBP6) as a homeostasis-associated molecule that restrains endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis.

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Quality of Life of Knee Osteoarthritis in Urban Community in Indonesia: A COPCORD Study.

Aim: This study evaluates the prevalence, risk factors, and quality of life of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) in the Indonesian population.

Method: A cross-sectional study of 3597 adults (≥ 18 years old) was conducted in 2023 involving 15 different cities in Indonesia. Knee OA was classified according to the clinical ACR criteria.

Extending the translational science benefits model to implementation science for cancer prevention and control.

Introduction: There is increasing pressure on the federal research budget and shifting public opinions about the value of the academic enterprise. We must develop and apply metrics that demonstrate the broad benefits of research for health and society. The Translational Science Benefits Model (TSBM) measures the impact of large-scale translational science initiatives, such as the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Moonshot.

Association between dietary fructose and human colon DNA methylation: implication for racial disparities in colorectal cancer risk using a cross-sectional study.

Background: An increasing body of evidence has linked fructose intake to colorectal cancer (CRC). African-American (AA) adults consume greater quantities of fructose and are more likely to develop right-side colon cancer than European American (EA) adults.

Objectives: We examined the hypothesis that fructose consumption leads to epigenomic and transcriptomic differences associated with CRC tumor biology.

Development of a framework to structure decision-making in environmental and occupational health: A systematic review and Delphi study.

Background: Environmental and occupational health (EOH) assessments increasingly utilize systematic review methods and structured frameworks for evaluating evidence about the human health effects of exposures. However, there is no prevailing approach for how to integrate this evidence into decisions or recommendations. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence-to-decision (EtD) frameworks provide a structure to support standardized and transparent consideration of relevant criteria to inform health decisions.

Recruitment, follow-up and survival in an 11-country cohort study of patients at the end of life and their relatives.

Background: Large, international cohort studies generate high-level evidence, but are resource intense. In end-of-life care such studies are scarce. Hence, planning for future studies in terms of data on screening, recruitment, retention and survival remains a challenge.

Mood Alterations in the Prodromal Phase of Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease.

Importance: Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is a rare, rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease. Definite sCJD diagnosis can only be made post mortem, and little is known about the prodromal phase of the disease.

Objective: To compare drug prescription patterns before the clinical onset of sCJD between patients and matched controls for exploration of potential risk factors and to assess correlations between drug exposure and sCJD survival.

Content Analysis of Austrian Print and Online Newspaper Coverage of Breastfeeding Over Two Decades.

In the first 6 months, breastfeeding is the optimal nutrition for newborns, but the breastfeeding prevalence in Austria is still below the official WHO Guidelines (64% breastfeeding and 1.9% exclusive breastfeeding after 6 months). Exclusive breastfeeding rates in the first 6 months are low in the European Region but higher globally at 48%.

Comparative Evaluation of Open-Source Bioinformatics Pipelines for Full-Length Viral Genome Assembly.

The increasingly widespread application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in clinical diagnostics and epidemiological research has generated a demand for robust, fast, automated, and user-friendly bioinformatics workflows. To guide the choice of tools for the assembly of full-length viral genomes from NGS datasets, we assessed the performance and applicability of four open-source bioinformatics pipelines (shiver-for which we created a user-friendly Dockerized version, referred to as dshiver; SmaltAlign; viral-ngs; and V-pipe) using both simulated and real-world HIV-1 paired-end short-read datasets and default settings. All four pipelines produced consensus genome assemblies with high quality metrics (genome fraction recovery, mismatch and indel rates, variant calling F1 scores) when the reference sequence used for assembly had high similarity to the analyzed sample.

Adherence to Pulmonary Tuberculosis Medication and Associated Factors Among Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Metinaro and Becora Sub-Districts, Dili, Timor-Leste.

Timor Leste is one of the top countries in Asia with a high incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The success of TB treatment necessitated a more profound comprehension of adherence as a multifaceted behavioral issue, along with identifying the barriers that hinder and the factors that promote patient adherence. This study aimed to assess the rate of pulmonary TB medication adherence and identify its predictors among adults in Metinaro and Becora, Dili, Timor-Leste.

The Relationship Between Body, Mind, and Social Characteristics in a Sample of a Training Program for Developing Social and Personal Resources: A Network Analysis.

In this cross-sectional study, the interactions between demographic characteristics and the body, mind, and social dimensions among participants of a holistic training program for social and personal development were examined and compared to a control group. The sample involved 223 adults from Austria, Germany, and Switzerland, with 80 (37.2%) participants in the training group already having finished the training.