120,112 results match your criteria: "Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment; Chemical and Pollutant Assessment Division[Affiliation]"

Introduction: The prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption remains high despite policies on reduction interventions. This study aims to quantify the associations between smokeless tobacco use with cancer incidence and mortality globally.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and PROSPERO protocol (ID: CRD42023390468).

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Objectives: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with heterogeneous clinical manifestations which significantly impacts the daily lives of patients. Herein, we aimed to (i) investigate patients' perspectives on and experience with SLE; (ii) identify meaningful aspects of health (MAHs) and concepts of interest (COIs) in SLE that could be evaluated using digital clinical measures (DCMs); and (iii) identify target DCMs for their assessment.

Methods: A mixed-methods, multistep approach was deployed for (i) exploring patients' experience with SLE through a social media listening study and focused group discussions with patients; (ii) mapping patients' experiences to define MAHs and identify COIs measurable using DCMs; (iii) selecting DCMs for the target COIs; and (iv) identifying types of wearable sensors for measuring COIs in the patients.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been declared one of the top 10 global public health challenges of our age by the World Health Organization, and the World Bank describes AMR as a crisis affecting the finance, health, and agriculture sectors and a major threat to the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals. But what is AMR? It is a phenotype that evolves in microbes exposed to antimicrobial molecules and causes dangerous infections. This suggests that scientists and healthcare workers should be on the frontline in the search for sustainable solutions to AMR.

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The use of pesticides in commercial farms can lead to exposure among various vulnerable groups. This study assessed the distribution, human health risks, and origins of 13 targeted organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in soil samples from commercial farms in Southern Nigeria. Following a questionnaire survey on pesticide usage, soil samples were subjected to Soxhlet extraction and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

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Background & Aims: The dynamics of HBV viral load (VL) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) on nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) treatment and its relationship with liver disease are poorly understood. We aimed to study longitudinal VL patterns and their associations with CHB clinical outcomes.

Methods: Utilising large scale, routinely collected electronic health records from six centres in England, collated by the National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Informatics Collaborative (NIHR HIC), we applied latent class mixed models to investigate VL trajectory patterns in adults receiving NA treatment.

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The 2023 report of the synergetic roadmap on carbon neutrality and clean air for China: Carbon reduction, pollution mitigation, greening, and growth.

Environ Sci Ecotechnol

January 2025

State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.

The response to climate change and air pollution control demonstrates strong synergy across scientific mechanisms, targets, strategies, and governance systems. This report, based on a monitoring indicator system for coordinated governance of air pollution and climate change, employs an interdisciplinary approach combining natural and social sciences. It establishes 20 indicators across five key areas: air pollution and climate change, governance systems and practices, structural transformation and technologies, atmospheric components and emission reduction pathways, and health impacts and co-benefits.

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Interventions to support the psychological empowerment of nurses: a scoping review.

Front Public Health

December 2024

Peking University Health Science Center - Macao Polytechnic University Nursing Academy, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, Macao SAR, China.

Background: Establishing an empowering work environment is significantly contributing to nurse's job satisfaction, performance, retention, and organizational success. This study aimed to conduct a scoping review to chart and synthesize current research on interventions to support nurses' psychological empowerment.

Methods: Ten databases were searched, including PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, EBSCOhost, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and OpenGrey, following the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology for scoping reviews.

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Influence of knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy on Opisthorchis viverrini and cholangiocarcinoma prevention: A One Health approach in high-risk areas of Thailand.

Trop Med Int Health

December 2024

WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.

Objective: Opisthorchis viverrini and cholangiocarcinoma have been recognised by the World Health Organisation as critical public health concerns, particularly in northeastern Thailand, where Opisthorchis viverrini is a significant cause of cholangiocarcinoma. This study examines the factors influencing Opisthorchis viverrini and cholangiocarcinoma prevention within the One Health framework in Kanthararom District, Sisaket Province, Thailand.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 327 residents aged 20 and above, utilising a structured questionnaire to assess knowledge, attitudes, perceived self-efficacy and prevention behaviours.

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Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains the most common cardiac arrhythmia worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) have recently released the 2024 guidelines for the management of AF. This review highlights 10 novel aspects of the ESC/EACTS 2024 Guidelines.

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Prenatal Metals and Offspring Cognitive Development: Insights from a Large-Scale Placental Bioassay Study.

Environ Res

December 2024

Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei 230032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of study on abnormal gametes and reproductive tract, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health Across the Life Course, Hefei 230032, China. Electronic address:

The developing foetus is particularly sensitive to neurotoxic metals. The placenta is considered an ideal tissue for biomonitoring prenatal cumulative metal exposure. Based on the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort study (MABC) in China, this study investigated associations of non-essential metals and essential metals in placenta, including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn), with cognitive development in children among 1586 mother-child pairs.

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Aims: This study examined the association of gravida C-peptide with progeny islet function and insulin sensitivity in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow-up Study (HAPO FUS).

Methods: Pregnancy 3rd trimester oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), cord blood, and offspring OGTT glucose, C-peptide and insulin at age 10-14 years were analyzed for 4,121 mother-child dyads. Gravida fasting and 1-hour C-peptide concentration correlations with cord blood and childhood C-peptide, insulin, insulinogenic index and insulin sensitivity, and insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]), were assessed by multiple linear regression.

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Background: We aimed to assess associations between black carbon (BC) and non-accidental mortality among advance-aged adults in China.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in 22 provinces of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. We calculated concentrations of 3-year average BC, fine particulate matter (PM2.

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Background: The influence of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) on bone metabolism is well-established. However, it has been observed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GLP-1R gene can partially affect its function. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between SNPs in the GLP-1R gene and postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) within the Chinese Han population.

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Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) holds potential as a precision public health intervention, offering personalised insights into how diet and physical activity affect glucose levels. Nevertheless, the efficacy of using CGM in populations with and without diabetes to support behaviour change and behaviour-driven outcomes remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines whether using CGM-based feedback to support behaviour change affects glycaemic, anthropometric, and behavioural outcomes in adults with and without diabetes.

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Background: The importance of social health is increasingly recognized in dementia research. For most people living with dementia, their social environment changes as the disease progresses, especially when they move into a long-term care facility. However, maintaining social interactions in the new living environment contributes significantly to health and quality of life.

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Background: Malaria remains the leading cause of under-five morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Sleeping under mosquito nets, especially insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), is one of the best ways to prevent malaria as they form a physical and chemical barrier against mosquitoes. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess not only mosquito net use, but also how environmental factors, specifically land surface temperature, contribute to malaria prevention among households with children under 5 years of age in Lao PDR.

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Why are people with dementia overlooked in long-term care insurance policy in Guangzhou, China?

BMC Health Serv Res

December 2024

Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan 2 Road, Guangzhou, China.

Background And Objectives: There is a growing demand for dementia care to be funded by long-term care insurance (LTCI). However, evidence indicates that people with dementia are overlooked in China's LTCI policy and empirical research on this issue is notably scarce. Among the first seven LTCI pilot cities that officially enrolled people with dementia, Guangzhou is unique for roll-back LTCI policies related to eligibility criteria and benefits.

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Background: Burnout is among the greatest challenges facing healthcare today. Healthcare providers have been found to experience burnout at significant rates, with COVID-19 exacerbating the challenge. Burnout in the healthcare setting has been associated with decreases in job satisfaction, productivity, professionalism, quality of care, and patient satisfaction, as well as increases in career choice regret, intent to leave, and patient safety incidents.

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A methodological research for development and psychometric properties of a new Measure to Assess Health Literate Organization (MAHLO-76) in hospital settings.

BMC Health Serv Res

December 2024

Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tabnak Ave., Daneshjou Blvd., Velenjak, P.O. Box 19835-35511, Tehran, I.R, Iran.

Background: Toward delivering appropriately safe, high quality and effective health care, healthcare organization should be health literate. This paper presents the development and psychometrics of an instrument for assessing the attributes of a health literate hospital which is called MAHLO-76 (Measure to Assess Health Literate Organization) here by authors.

Methods: The current study is methodological research which is involved two phases of tool development and psychometric evaluation.

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We studied nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant bla-containing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147 in a Dutch pediatric oncology center. Whole-genome multilocus sequence typing revealed two genetic clusters consisting of 2 and 5 K. pneumoniae isolates, both from Ukrainian medical evacuees and Dutch patients.

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Digital clinical decision support tools have contributed to improved quality of care at primary care level health facilities. However, data from real-world randomized trials are lacking. We conducted a cluster randomized, open-label trial in Tanzania evaluating the use of a digital clinical decision support algorithm (CDSA), enhanced by point-of-care tests, training and mentorship, compared with usual care, among sick children 2 to 59 months old presenting to primary care facilities for an acute illness in Tanzania (ClinicalTrials.

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The evaluation of urban noise suitability is crucial for urban environmental management. Efficient and cost-effective methods for obtaining noise distribution data are of great interest. This study introduces various machine learning methods and applies the Random Forest algorithm, which performed best, to investigate noise suitability in the central urban area of Nanchang City.

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Objective: Meropenem degradation poses a challenge to continuous infusion (CI) implementation. However, data about the impact of degradation on the probability of target attainment (PTA) of meropenem has been limited. This study evaluated the stability of meropenem brands and the consequence of in-bottle degradation on PTA in different environmental scenarios.

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The gut microbiota mediates memory impairment under high-altitude hypoxia via the gut-brain axis in mice.

FEBS J

December 2024

Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.

Hypoxia is a predominant risk factor at high altitudes, and evidence suggests that high-altitude hypoxia alters the gut microbiota, which plays an essential regulatory role in memory function. However, the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and memory impairment under hypoxic conditions remains unclear. In this study, we employed a high-altitude hypoxia model combined with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) approach in mice to explore the effects of the gut microbiota on memory impairment in a hypoxic environment.

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