Corrigendum: DEAD-Box Helicase DDX6 Facilitated RIG-I-Mediated Type-I Interferon Response to EV71 Infection.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.

6-Thioguanine Inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection of Eyes.

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infects eye corneal tissues leading to herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK), which is one of the leading causes of blindness. Here in our study, we found that 6-thioguanine (6-TG), a once clinically approved medication for child acute myelogenous leukemia, inhibited multiple strains of HSV-1 infection and . 6-TG is more potent than acyclovir (ACV) and ganciclovir (GCV), with the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC) of 6-TG at 0.

LIGHT of pulmonary NKT cells annihilates tissue protective alveolar macrophages in augmenting severe influenza pneumonia.

CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes with protective or pathogenic roles in the development of influenza pneumonia. Here, we show that lung-infiltrated and activated NKT cells are the major cellular source of LIGHT/TNFSF14, which determines the severity of pulmonary pneumonia by highly deteriorative influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Compared to wild-type mice, LIGHT mice exhibit much lower morbidity and mortality to IAV, due to alleviated lung damage and reduced apoptosis of alveolar macrophages (AMs).

Seroepidemiological Survey on the Impact of Smoking on SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Outcomes: Protocol for the Troina Study.

Background: After the global spread of SARS-CoV-2, research has highlighted several aspects of the pandemic, focusing on clinical features and risk factors associated with infection and disease severity. However, emerging results on the role of smoking in SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility or COVID-19 outcomes are conflicting, and their robustness remains uncertain.

Objective: In this context, this study aims at quantifying the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence, studying the changes in antibody levels over time, and analyzing the association between the biochemically verified smoking status and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

TAS2R38 polymorphisms, Helicobacter pylori infection and susceptibility to gastric cancer and premalignant gastric lesions.

Background: Gastric cancer is worldwide the fourth more common cancer type by incidence, and the third by mortality. We analyzed three missense variants of TAS2R38 gene: rs713598 (A49P), rs1726866 (V262A), and rs10246939 (I296V). These variants and their combination in haplotypes (proline, alanine and valine/tasters or alanine, valine and isoleucine/nontasters) and diplotypes are responsible for individual differences in bitter perception.

A potent bispecific nanobody protects hACE2 mice against SARS-CoV-2 infection via intranasal administration.

The dramatically expanding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) needs multiple effective countermeasures. Neutralizing nanobodies (Nbs) are a potential therapeutic strategy for treating COVID-19. Here, we characterize several receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific Nbs isolated from an Nb library derived from an alpaca immunized with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein (S); among them, three Nbs exhibit picomolar potency against SARS-CoV-2 live virus, pseudotyped viruses, and circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Response to BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in Italy: a 3-month follow-up.

This study investigated the response to BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers (HCWs) in an Italian teaching hospital. 444 participants were surveyed with either multiple RT-PCR assays for detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in nasopharyngeal swabs or serology testing for the research of virus-specific immunoglobulins. Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) were reported.

DEAD-Box Helicase DDX6 Facilitated RIG-I-Mediated Type-I Interferon Response to EV71 Infection.

Previous studies have shown that DEAD (Glu-Asp-Ala-Glu)-box RNA helicases play important roles in viral infection, either as cytosolic sensors of pathogenic molecules or as essential host factors against viral infection. In the current study, we found that DDX6, an RNA helicase belonging to the DEAD-box family of helicase, exhibited anti-Enterovirus 71 activity through augmenting RIG-I-mediated type-I IFN response. Moreover, DDX6 binds viral RNA to form an RNA-protein complex to positively regulate the RIG-I-mediated interferon response; however, EV71 has evolved a strategy to antagonize the antiviral effect of DDX6 by proteolytic degradation of the molecule through its non-structural protein 2A, a virus-encoded protease.

Prognostic and predictive role of a metabolic rate-limiting enzyme signature in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objectives: Abnormal expression of metabolic rate-limiting enzymes drives the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to elucidate the comprehensive model of metabolic rate-limiting enzymes associated with the prognosis of HCC.

Materials And Methods: HCC animal model and TCGA project were used to screen out differentially expressed metabolic rate-limiting enzyme.

Improved PrEP Awareness and Use among Trans Women in San Francisco, California.

Transgender women face a serious risk of HIV infection. Despite this, there is limited knowledge and use of Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We measured the continuity of prevention across services in the PrEP cascade and correlates of PrEP use among trans women in San Francisco enrolled in the 2019/20 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Study.

The economic impact of hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia: A systematic review of cost of illness studies.

Hypercholesterolemia is a clinically relevant condition with an ascertained role in atherogenesis. In particular, its presence directly correlates to the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). As known, cardiovascular diseases pose a significant economic burden worldwide; however, a clear picture of the economic impact of ASCVD secondary to hypercholesterolemia is lacking.

Potent Neutralizing Humanized Antibody With Topical Therapeutic Potential Against HPV18-Related Cervical Cancer.

Cervical cancer caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infections is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. Current prophylactic HPV vaccines have achieved promising success in preventing HPV infection. However, still 570,000 new cases were reported in 2018.

Nonstructural Protein NSs Hampers Cellular Antiviral Response through LSm14A during Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection.

The nonstructural protein (NSs) of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) plays multiple functions in the virus life cycle. Proteomic screening for host proteins interacting with NSs identified the cellular protein LSm14A. LSm14A, a member of the LSm family involved in RNA processing in the processing bodies, binds to viral RNA or synthetic homolog and mediates IFN regulatory factor 3 activation and IFN-β induction.

How Can Health Systems Better Prepare for the Next Pandemic? Lessons Learned From the Management of COVID-19 in Quebec (Canada).

The magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic challenged societies around our globalized world. To contain the spread of the virus, unprecedented and drastic measures and policies were put in place by governments to manage an exceptional health care situation while maintaining other essential services. The responses of many governments showed a lack of preparedness to face this systemic and global health crisis.

AAV-mediated in vivo CAR gene therapy for targeting human T-cell leukemia.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is the most active field in immuno-oncology and brings substantial benefit to patients with B cell malignancies. However, the complex procedure for CAR T-cell generation hampers its widespread applications. Here, we describe a novel approach in which human CAR T cells can be generated within the host upon injecting an Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector carrying the CAR gene, which we call AAV delivering CAR gene therapy (ACG).

NSC23766 and Ehop016 Suppress Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Replication by Inhibiting Rac1 Activity.

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection of the eyes leads to herpes simplex virus keratitis (HSK), the main cause of infectious blindness in the world. As the current therapeutics for HSV-1 infection are rather limited and prolonged use of acyclovir (ACV)/ganciclovir (GCV) and in immunocompromised patients lead to the rise of drug resistant mutants, it underlines the urgent need for new antiviral agents with distinct mechanisms. Our study attempted to establish ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) as a new therapeutic target for HSV-1 infection by using Rac1-specific inhibitors to evaluate the in vitro inhibition of virus growth.

Social and Behavioral Correlates of Sexually Transmitted Infections among Men who Have Sex with Men who Use Alcohol in the San Francisco Bay Area.

The risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among men who have sex with men (MSM) is driven by various socio-behavioral factors. From 2015-2017, 247 MSM ≥ 18 years-old who reported alcohol use in the past year, were recruited into a cross-sectional study in San Francisco. Participants completed a survey assessing socio-demographics, substance use and treatment, sexual behaviors, HIV status and self-reported STI diagnosis in the past 6 months.

Acceptability and uptake of HIV self-testing in emergency care settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Emergency departments (ED) interface with large numbers of patients that are often missed by conventional HIV testing approaches. ED-based HIV self-testing (HIVST) is an innovative engagement approach which has potential for testing gains among populations that have failed to be reached. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated acceptability and uptake of HIVST, as compared to standard provider-delivered testing approaches, among patients seeking care in ED settings.