Differential Influence of Environmental Factors on Malaria Due to Vector Control Interventions in Uganda.

Background: Few studies have explored how vector control interventions may modify associations between environmental factors and malaria.

Methods: We used weekly malaria cases reported from six public health facilities in Uganda. Environmental variables (temperature, rainfall, humidity, and vegetation) were extracted from remote sensing sources.

Comprehensive Insights into the Health Effects of Selenium Exposure and Supplementation Among the Chinese Community Middle-Aged and Elderly: a Combined Retrospective Cohort Study and Intervention Study.

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for maintaining human health, for example, plays a crucial role in preventing aging-related diseases. However, most studies on the health effects of Se among the community middle-aged and elderly have been observational or the health indices were single, and the related study among the Chinese population is limited. Additionally, China is recognized as among the countries facing a significant deficiency in Se, and Se contents in the human body may decrease with age.

Evaluating risk of bias using ROBINS-I tool in nonrandomized studies of adjuvanted influenza vaccine.

Seasonal variation in influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) makes real-world evidence (RWE) useful in supplementing the clinical-evidence base from randomized clinical trials. Adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine (aIIV) VE has been evaluated in multiple nonrandomized RWE studies. A systematic literature review of RWE studies evaluating the absolute or relative VE of aIIV was conducted.

Dauricine interferes with SARS-CoV-2 variants infection by blocking the interface between RBD and ACE2.

The continued viral evolution results in the emergence of various SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as delta or omicron, that are partially resistant to current vaccines and antiviral medicines, posing an increased risk to global public health and raising the importance of continuous development of antiviral medicines. Inhibitor screening targeting the interactions between the viral spike proteins and their human receptor ACE2 represents a promising approach for drug discovery. Here, we demonstrate that the evolutionary trend of the SARS-CoV-2 variants is associated with increased electrostatic interactions between S proteins and ACE2.

HMGB1 Release Induced by EV71 Infection Exacerbates Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption via VE-cadherin Phosphorylation.

Purpose: EV71 (Enterovirus 71) is a major causative agent of the outbreaks of HFMD (hand, foot, and mouth disease), which is associated with neurological damage caused by permeability disruption of BBB (blood-brain barrier). HMGB1 (high-mobility group box 1) is a widely expressed nuclear protein that triggers host inflammatory responses. Our work aimed to explore the function of HMGB1 in EV71 infection and its contributions to EV71-related BBB damage.

Advertising Patterns of internet-Based Male Sex Workers Who Have Sex With Men (MSMSW): The Association Between LGBTQIA+ Events and Advertising for Work During the 2022 Pride Season.

Research into populations of male sex workers who have sex with men (MSMSW) has historically been stymied given the illegal, stigmatized nature of the profession. The internet has shaped how many sex workers advertise their services to clients. Few studies, however, have leveraged internet advertising data to inform MSMSW-specific public health programming and/or outreach efforts.

Mpox Vaccination in Non-Endemic Countries: Considerations for Public Health and Policy.

The disease mpox (formerly monkeypox) is a zoonotic viral disease caused by a virus belonging to the , the same genus as smallpox [...

Therapeutic Potential of Biochanin A in Herpes Simplex Keratitis.

Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is a blinding eye disease that is initiated by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Resistance to acyclovir (ACV) and the side effects of corticosteroid drugs have become concerning issues, so it is crucial to develop new antivirals for treating HSK. In this study, we report that biochanin A (BCA), a naturally occurring flavonoid compound, provides multifaceted protective effects with anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic activities to alleviate HSK.

Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) and risk factors on dengue fever among children in Brazil, Fortaleza: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease that is associated with four serotypes of the dengue virus. Children are vulnerable to infection with the dengue virus, particularly those who have been previously infected with a different dengue serotype. Sufficient knowledge, positive attitudes, and proper practices (KAP) are essential for dengue prevention and control.

A Comprehensive, Valid, and Reliable Tool to Assess the Degree of Responsibility of Digital Health Solutions That Operate With or Without Artificial Intelligence: 3-Phase Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Clinicians' scope of responsibilities is being steadily transformed by digital health solutions that operate with or without artificial intelligence (DAI solutions). Most tools developed to foster ethical practices lack rigor and do not concurrently capture the health, social, economic, and environmental issues that such solutions raise.

Objective: To support clinical leadership in this field, we aimed to develop a comprehensive, valid, and reliable tool that measures the responsibility of DAI solutions by adapting the multidimensional and already validated Responsible Innovation in Health Tool.

Protocol for the development of guidance for collaborator and partner engagement in health care evidence syntheses.

Background: Involving collaborators and partners in research may increase relevance and uptake, while reducing health and social inequities. Collaborators and partners include people and groups interested in health research: health care providers, patients and caregivers, payers of health research, payers of health services, publishers, policymakers, researchers, product makers, program managers, and the public. Evidence syntheses inform decisions about health care services, treatments, and practice, which ultimately affect health outcomes.

A Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Caries Prevention following the AGREE II Checklist.

Untreated oral diseases are detrimental to overall well-being and quality of life and are in close relationship with social and economic consequences. The presence of strong evidence for caries primary and secondary prevention is a compulsory tool for the development of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). This paper was aimed to assess systematically the importance of clinical practice guidelines in caries prevention management considering both the adult and pediatric populations and evaluate them using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) Checklist.

Thematic analysis of tools for health innovators and organisation leaders to develop digital health solutions fit for climate change.

Objectives: While ethicists have largely underscored the risks raised by digital health solutions that operate with or without artificial intelligence (AI), limited research has addressed the need to also mitigate their environmental footprint and equip health innovators as well as organisation leaders to meet responsibility requirements that go beyond clinical safety, efficacy and ethics. Drawing on the Responsible Innovation in Health framework, this qualitative study asks: (1) what are the practice-oriented tools available for innovators to develop environmentally sustainable digital solutions and (2) how are organisation leaders supposed to support them in this endeavour?

Methods: Focusing on a subset of 34 tools identified through a comprehensive scoping review (health sciences, computer sciences, engineering and social sciences), our qualitative thematic analysis identifies and illustrates how two responsibility principles-environmental sustainability and organisational responsibility-are meant to be put in practice.

Results: Guidance to make environmentally sustainable digital solutions is found in 11 tools whereas organisational responsibility is described in 33 tools.

METTL3-mediated mA RNA modification promotes corneal neovascularization by upregulating the canonical Wnt pathway during HSV-1 infection.

Background: Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is a symptom of herpes simplex keratitis (HSK), which can result in blindness. The corneal angiogenesis brought on by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is strongly affected by vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). The N-methyladenosine (mA) modification catalyzed by methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) is a crucial epigenetic regulatory process for angiogenic properties.

Long COVID Syndrome: Lesson Learned and Future Implications.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused severe illness and mortality on a global scale, with an impact not witnessed since the 1918-19 Spanish influenza pandemic [...

Barriers to and enablers of the HIV services continuum among gay and bisexual men worldwide: Findings from the Global Men's Health and Rights Study.

Objectives: To assess ecological, structural, community and individual level correlates of health services utilization along a continuum of HIV care, and sexual health and support services among gay and bisexual men worldwide.

Methods: Using a nonprobability internet sample of 6,135 gay and bisexual men, we assessed correlates of utilization of health services. Chi-Square Tests of Independence were performed to assess drop off along a continuum of HIV care.

Intergenerational sex and early sexual debut are associated with HIV infection among transgender women in Paraguay.

Introduction: HIV prevalence among transgender women is high worldwide. The objectives of the present study were to estimate the current prevalence of HIV and identify factors associated with high HIV burden among transgender women in Paraguay.

Methods: Transgender women aged ≥15 years in four regions of Paraguay were recruited by Starfish sampling between February and March 2021.

Smoking habits predict adverse effects after mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: Empirical evidence from a pilot study.

Objectives: The aim of this research was to investigate the possible association between smoking habits and the incidence of adverse effects (AEs) after mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.

Study Design: A longitudinal observational study was conducted on a sample of Italian healthcare workers.

Methods: Healthcare workers who were administered the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) were evaluated for the occurrence of AEs after three vaccine doses.

FOLR1-induced folate deficiency reduces viral replication via modulating APOBEC3 family expression.

Folate receptor alpha (FOLR1) is vital for cells ingesting folate (FA). FA plays an indispensable role in cell proliferation and survival. However, it is not clear whether the axis of FOLR1/FA has a similar function in viral replication.

Through a Different Lens: Occupational Health of Sex-Working Young Trans Women.

Purpose: Sex work is a common form of work among young trans women (YTW).

Methods: Using an occupational health frame, we measured associations between demographics, sex work, and vocational outcomes in 18-month visit data from the SHINE study (=263, San Francisco).

Results: Overall, 41.

Analysis of Fifty Years of Severe Malaria Worldwide Research.

This study analyzed fifty years of severe malaria research worldwide. Malaria is a parasitic disease that continues to have a significant impact on global health, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Severe malaria, a severe and often fatal form of the disease, is a major public health concern.

Stigma as a barrier and sex work as a protective factor for HIV testing among trans women in Nepal.

Stigma towards trans women in Nepal creates individual and system-level risks for HIV. A critical protective factor is access to HIV prevention. Research is needed to determine the impact of stigma on HIV testing among trans women in Nepal.

Assessment of standard HIV testing services delivery to injured persons seeking emergency care in Nairobi, Kenya: A prospective observational study.

Emergency departments (EDs) in Africa are contact points for key groups for HIV testing services (HTS) but understanding of ED-testing delivery is limited which may impeded program impacts. This study evaluated the offering and uptake of standard HTS among injured persons seeking ED care at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) in Nairobi, Kenya. An ED population of adult injured persons was prospectively enrolled (1 March-25 May 2021) and followed through ED disposition.