TUDCA inhibits HSV-1 replication by the modulating unfolded protein response pathway.

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), an endogenous bile acid, was used to protect liver function through antiapoptosis or reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress). Previous studies showed that ER stress was modulated by herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) infection to facilitate viral replication. Here, we investigated the effect of TUDCA on HSV-1 infection of HEC-1-A cells and showed that both replication and multiplication of the virus were inhibited by TUDCA in a dose dependent manner.

Nutrition Provided to Infants in Licensed Childcare Centers and Homes: A Descriptive Study.

Background: Infant nutrition can influence development, eating behaviors and obesity risk. Nearly half of infants in the U.S.

Bridging the Digital Divide Among Racial and Ethnic Minority Men Who Have Sex With Men to Reduce Substance Use and HIV Risk: Mixed Methods Feasibility Study.

Background: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a promising data collection tool for mobile health interventions targeting episodic health behaviors. For substance-using men who have sex with men (SUMSM), EMA is becoming more widely utilized in efforts to characterize substance use and sexual risk factors for HIV transmission. However, recent literature demonstrates emerging concerns over compliance and lower EMA engagement and data concordance among racial and ethnic minority SUMSM.

Nanotechnology and immunoengineering: How nanotechnology can boost CAR-T therapy.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy has achieved remarkable clinical efficacy against hematological cancers and has been approved by FDA for treatment of B-cell tumors. However, the complex manufacturing process and limited success in solid tumors hamper its widespread applications, thus prompting the development of new strategies for overcoming the abovementioned hurdles. In the last decade, nanotechnology has provided sustainable strategies for improving cancer immunotherapy through vaccine development and delivery of immunomodulatory drugs.

Status of Beverages Served to Young Children in Child Care After Implementation of California Policy, 2012-2016.

Introduction: Since 2012, licensed California child care centers and homes, per state policy, are required to serve only unflavored low-fat or nonfat milk to children aged 2 years or older, no more than one serving of 100% juice daily, and no beverages with added sweeteners, and they are required to ensure that drinking water is readily accessible throughout the day. We evaluated adherence to the policy after 4 years in comparison to the adherence evaluation conducted shortly after the policy went into effect.

Methods: Licensed California child care sites were randomly selected in 2012 and 2016 and surveyed about beverage practices and provisions to children aged 1-5 years.

Maternal Diarrhea and Antibiotic Use are Associated with Increased Risk of Diarrhea among HIV-Exposed, Uninfected Infants in Kenya.

HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children are a growing population at particularly high risk of infection-related death in whom preventing diarrhea may significantly reduce under-5 morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. A historic cohort (1999-2002) of Kenyan HEU infants followed from birth to 12 months was used. Maternal and infant morbidity were ascertained at monthly clinic visits and unscheduled sick visits.

Rethinking the electronic health record through the quadruple aim: time to align its value with the health system.

Electronic health records (EHRs) are considered as a powerful lever for enabling value-based health systems. However, many challenges to their use persist and some of their unintended negative impacts are increasingly well documented, including the deterioration of work conditions and quality, and increased dissatisfaction of health care providers. The "quadruple aim" consists of improving population health as well as patient and provider experience while reducing costs.

Digital HIV Care Navigation for Young People Living With HIV in San Francisco, California: Feasibility and Acceptability Study.

Background: HIV continues to be a public health challenge adversely affecting youth and young adults, as they are the fastest-growing group of new HIV infections in the United States and the group with the poorest health outcomes among those living with HIV. HIV prevention science has turned to mobile health as a novel approach to reach and engage young people living with HIV (YPLWH) experiencing barriers to HIV care.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a text message-based HIV care navigation intervention for YPLWH in San Francisco.

Human papillomavirus and abnormal cervical lesions among HIV-infected women in HIV-discordant couples from Kenya.

Objective: HIV infection increases the risk of high-grade cervical neoplasia and invasive cervical carcinoma. The study addresses the limited data describing human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical neoplasia among HIV-infected women in HIV-discordant relationships in sub-Saharan Africa, which is needed to inform screening strategies.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of HIV-infected women with HIV-uninfected partners was conducted to determine the distribution of type-specific HPV infection and cervical cytology.

Intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with sputum characteristics of presumed tuberculosis patients.

Background: Sputum remains the most preferred specimen for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis due to its non-invasive method of production. Good quality sputum specimen is essential for accurate diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). It is therefore imperative to assess factors that are related to the production of sputum that is of the best quality.

Prior stroke and transient ischemic attack as risk factors for subsequent stroke in atrial fibrillation patients: A report from the GARFIELD-AF registry.

Background: It is not always possible to verify whether a patient complaining of symptoms consistent with transient ischemic attack has had an actual cerebrovascular event.

Research Question: To characterize the risk of cardiovascular events associated with a history of stroke/transient ischemic attack in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Study Design And Methods: This study investigated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with a history of stroke/transient ischemic attack among 52,014 patients enrolled prospectively in GARFIELD-AF registry.

Relationship Between Domain-Specific Cognitive Function and Speech-in-Noise Performance in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Hearing Pilot Study.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between performance on a clinical speech-in-noise measure with a comprehensive neurocognitive battery of tests. Method A group of older adults ( = 250, = 77 years, age range: 67.3-89.

High HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among transgender women in China: a cross-sectional survey.

Introduction: Transgender women may face the highest prevalence of HIV of any population, experiencing a disproportionate burden of disease frequently confirmed in surveys throughout the developing and developed world. However, few studies have been conducted specifically for transgender women in China. This study aimed to measure HIV prevalence and explore risk factors for infection in a diverse sample of Chinese transgender women to help advocate for prevention and care interventions for this population.

[Current status of international discourse of China aid project of schistosomiasis control in Zanzibar].

Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has constantly innovated and developed its diplomatic concept, and proposed the important idea of the Community of Shared Future for Mankind (CSFM), which contributes a discourse system with Chinese characteristics to the world. It is indicated that discourse builds its subject and governs the subject's discourse practices, and the discourse subject strengthens and reiterates discourse rules in discourse practices. China aid project of schistosomiasis control in Zanzibar is a discourse subject of the CSFM discourse system.

Implementing a Digital HIV Care Navigation Intervention (Health eNav): Protocol for a Feasibility Study.

Background: Young racial and ethnic minority men who have sex with men (MSM) and trans women are disproportionately affected by HIV and AIDS in the United States. Unrecognized infection, due to a low uptake of HIV testing, and poor linkage to care are driving forces of ongoing HIV transmission among young racial and ethnic minority MSM and trans women. Internet and mobile technologies, in combination with social network-based approaches, offer great potential to overcome and address barriers to care and effectively disseminate interventions.

The induction and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific to GP of Ebola virus.

The Ebola virus is highly infectious and characterized by hemorrhagic fever, headache, and so on with a high mortality rate. Currently, there are neither therapeutic drugs or vaccines against the Ebola virus nor fast diagnostic methods for the detection of Ebola virus infection. This study reported the induction and isolation of two monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognized the glycoprotein (GP) and secreted glycoprotein (sGP) of the Ebola virus.

HIV Care Engagement Among Trans Women of Color in San Francisco Bay Area Demonstration Projects: Findings from the Brandy Martell Project and TransAccess.

In the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA), trans women of color are disproportionately affected by HIV and have poor HIV care outcomes. The Brandy Martell Project and TransAccess were two demonstration projects aimed at increasing HIV care engagement and retention among trans women of color in the SFBA. Both projects took place in clinics with a long history of providing trans health care and social services.

METTL3-mediated mA modification of HDGF mRNA promotes gastric cancer progression and has prognostic significance.

Objective: N-methyladenosine (mA) RNA methylation and its associated methyltransferase METTL3 are involved in tumour initiation and progression via the regulation of RNA function. This study explored the biological function and clinical significance of METTL3 in gastric cancer (GC).

Design: The prognostic value of METTL3 expression was evaluated using tissue microarray and immunohistochemical staining analyses in a human GC cohort.

STAT3 Regulates the Type I IFN-Mediated Antiviral Response by Interfering with the Nuclear Entry of STAT1.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a multifunctional factor that regulates inflammation and immunity. Knowledge of its regulatory mechanisms is very limited. Here, we showed that enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection induced the phosphorylation of STAT3 and the expression of its downstream inflammatory regulators.

Low PrEP Awareness and Use Among People Who Inject Drugs, San Francisco, 2018.

We examined PrEP awareness and use among people who inject drugs (PWID) in San Francisco in 2018. Of 397 respondents not known to be HIV positive, 56.7% had heard of PrEP, 38.

Extracellular vesicles expressing a single-chain variable fragment of an HIV-1 specific antibody selectively target Env tissues.

Antiretroviral therapy can effectively suppress HIV-1 replication in the peripheral blood to an undetectable level. However, elimination of the latent virus in reservoirs remains a challenge and is a major obstacle in the treatment of HIV-1-infected patients. Exosomes exhibit huge promise as an endogenous drug delivery nanosystem for delivering drugs to solid tissues given their unique properties, including low immunogenicity, innate stability, high delivery efficiency, and most importantly the ability to penetrate solid tissues due to their lipophilic properties.

A cross-sectional epidemiological investigation of nontuberculous mycobacteria of public health importance in slaughter camels in Samburu County, Kenya.

The diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in camels at slaughter houses heavily relies on post mortem (PM) meat inspection to detect granulomatous lesions; however, the sensitivity of this technique is not perfect. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize mycobacteria associated with suspect TB pathological lesions at PM. At PM, 1600 camels were examined in two county slaughterhouses.

Moving Towards Accountability for Reasonableness - A Systematic Exploration of the Features of Legitimate Healthcare Coverage Decision-Making Processes Using Rare Diseases and Regenerative Therapies as a Case Study.

Background: The accountability for reasonableness (A4R) framework defines 4 conditions for legitimate healthcare coverage decision processes: Relevance, Publicity, Appeals, and Enforcement. The aim of this study was to reflect on how the diverse features of decision-making processes can be aligned with A4R conditions to guide decision-making towards legitimacy. Rare disease and regenerative therapies (RDRTs) pose special decision-making challenges and offer therefore a useful case study.

Spatial and temporal variation of dengue incidence in the island of Bali, Indonesia: An ecological study.

Background: Dengue fever control in the tropical island of Bali in Indonesia carries important significance both nationally and globally, as it is one of the most endemic islands in Indonesia and a worldwide popular travel destination. Despite its importance, the spatial and temporal heterogeneity in dengue risk and factors associated with its variation in risk across the island has not been not well explored. This study was aimed to analyze for the first time the geographical and temporal patterns of the incidence of dengue and to quantify the role of environmental and social factors on the spatial heterogeneity of dengue incidence in Bali.