Profiles of met and unmet care needs in the oldest-old primary care patients with depression - results of the AgeMooDe study.

Background: Unmet care needs have been associated with an increased risk of depression in old age. Currently, the identification of profiles of met and unmet care needs associated with depressive symptoms is pending. Therefore, this exploratory study aimed to identify profiles of care needs and analyze associated factors in oldest-old patients with and without depression.

Reduced anterior callosal white matter in risk for psychosis associated with processing speed as a fundamental cognitive impairment.

Background: Previous research in psychotic disorders discovered associations between reduced integrity of white matter (WM) in the corpus callosum (CC) and impaired cognitive functions, suggesting processing speed as a central construct. However, it is still largely unexplored to what extent disruption in callosal WM is related to cognitive deficits during the risk stage prior to psychosis.

Methods: To address this gap, we measured the WM integrity in CC by fractional anisotropy (FA) and assessed cognition in 60 clinical-high risk for psychosis (CHR) patients during adolescence/young adulthood and 38 healthy control (HC) subjects.

Evidence for a shared genetic contribution to loneliness and borderline personality disorder.

Loneliness, influenced by genetic and environmental factors such as childhood maltreatment, is one aspect of interpersonal dysfunction in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Numerous studies link loneliness and BPD and twin studies indicate a genetic contribution to this association. The aim of our study was to investigate whether genetic predisposition for loneliness and BPD risk overlap and whether genetic risk for loneliness contributes to higher loneliness reported by BPD patients, using genome-wide genotype data.

Multi-staged development and pilot testing of a self-assessment tool for organizational health literacy.

Background: Until now a comprehensive, consensus-based tool that can be used by a variety of health care organizations for assessing their organizational health literacy (OHL) is not available. Therefore, we aimed to develop and test a literature- and consensus-based self-assessment tool.

Methods: The study is based on a scoping review that was previously published by the authors.

Proteomic Analysis Reveals Potential Exosomal Biomarkers in Patients With Sporadic Alzheimer Disease.

Background: Despite substantial progress made in the past decades, the pathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimer disease (sAD) and related biological markers of the disease are still controversially discussed. Cerebrospinal fluid and functional brain imaging markers have been established to support the clinical diagnosis of sAD. Yet, due to the invasiveness of such diagnostics, less burdensome markers have been increasingly investigated in the past years.

The mediating role of attachment and anger: exploring the impact of maternal early-life maltreatment on child abuse potential.

Background: Maternal early-life maltreatment (ELM) increases the risk of subsequent child maltreatment, but the underlying mechanisms of these intergenerational effects remain largely unknown. Identifying these mechanisms is crucial for developing preventive interventions that can break the cycle of abuse. Notably, previous research has shown that ELM often results in attachment insecurity and altered anger characteristics.

Extracellular Vesicles as Possible Plasma Markers and Mediators in Patients with Sepsis-Associated Delirium-A Pilot Study.

Patients with sepsis-associated delirium (SAD) show severe neurological impairment, often require an intensive care unit (ICU) stay and have a high risk of mortality. Hence, useful biomarkers for early detection of SAD are urgently needed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their cargo are known to maintain normal physiology but also have been linked to numerous disease states.

Does breast cancer modify the long-term relationship between lifestyle behaviors and mortality? A prospective analysis of breast cancer survivors and population-based controls.

Background: Modifiable lifestyle factors are known to impact survival. It is less clear whether this differs between postmenopausal women ever diagnosed with breast cancer and unaffected women.

Methods: Women diagnosed with breast cancer and unaffected women of comparable age were recruited from 2002 to 2005 and followed up until 2020.

Altered amygdalar emotion space in borderline personality disorder normalizes following dialectical behaviour therapy.

Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental health condition characterized by an inability to regulate emotions or accurately process the emotional states of others. Previous neuroimaging studies using classical univariate analyses have tied such emotion dysregulation to aberrant activity levels in the amygdala of patients with BPD. However, multivariate analyses have not yet been used to investigate how representational spaces of emotion information may be systematically altered in patients with BPD.

The effect of depressive symptoms on quality of life and its different facets in the oldest age population: evidence from the AgeQualiDe prospective cohort study.

Purpose: The present study aims to investigate the prospective effect of depressive symptoms on overall QoL in the oldest age group, taking into account its different facets.

Methods: Data were derived from the multicenter prospective AgeCoDe/AgeQualiDe cohort study, including data from follow-up 7-9 and n = 580 individuals 85 years of age and older. Overall QoL and its facets were assessed using the WHOQOL-OLD instrument.

Neural correlates of aggression in personality disorders from the perspective of DSM-5 maladaptive traits: a systematic review.

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published in 2013, includes an alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD) focusing on a maladaptive trait model utilized to diagnose several personality disorders. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) are two conditions categorized by AMPD that exhibit high rates of violence and aggression. Several of the traits outlined in the AMPD, including hostility, impulsivity, risk-taking, and callousness, have been previously linked to aggression in BPD and ASPD.

The multicultural conceptualisation of well-being : The role of culture and circumstance in operationalising well-being in South Africa: A mixed-methods approach.

Background: Exploring and understanding indicators of better life outcomes have remained popular among social and health researchers. However, the subjective approach to measuring well-being has raised questions on the appropriateness of standard measures of well-being in multicultural settings. The current study examines generalised well-being and its dependence on the implicit understanding of individual culture and circumstances.

Autism as a Disorder of Affective Empathy.

Since the first description by Leo Kanner, individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been attributed a reduced empathy. However, it has not yet been clarified how empathy is specifically impaired in autism. Typically, scholars distinguish between the affective and the cognitive dimensions of empathy.

Differentiating between intrapsychic symptoms and behavioral expressions of borderline personality disorder in relation to childhood emotional maltreatment and emotion dysregulation: an exploratory investigation.

Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe mental disorder, characterized by pronounced instability in emotions, self-image, and interpersonal relationships. Experiences of childhood maltreatment are among the risk factors for BPD. While self-damaging and aggressive acts often occur, not every person with the disorder shows markedly dysregulated behaviour.

Temporal and spatial changes in the provision of mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: a claims-based cohort study on patients with severe mental disorders.

Purpose: Major lockdowns were imposed in Germany from March until May 2020 and from December 2020 until May 2021. We studied the influence of these lockdowns, the strain on intensive care units and the strictness of COVID-19-related containment strategies on the utilization of mental health care among patients with severe mental disorders.

Methods: We used health insurance claims data to identify n = 736,972 patients with severe mental disorders shortly before the pandemic and n = 735,816 patients a year earlier.

Words count in psychotherapy: Differentiating language characteristics of cognitive behavioral therapy and focal psychodynamic therapy for anorexia nervosa.

It is generally assumed that psychodynamic therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) differ in terms of applied techniques and processes. To date, however, little is known about whether and how such differences can actually be observed at a basic linguistic level and in what the two treatment approaches differ most strongly (i.e.

Association between periodontitis and depression severity - A cross-sectional study of the older population in Hamburg.

The aim of the current study is to investigate the association between periodontitis (exposure variable) and depression severity (outcome variable) in an older German population. We evaluated data from 6,209 participants (median age 62 years) of the Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS). The HCHS is a prospective cohort study and is registered at ClinicalTrial.

Whole-brain gray matter maturation trajectories associated with autistic traits from adolescence to early adulthood.

A growing number of evidence supports a continued distribution of autistic traits in the general population. However, brain maturation trajectories of autistic traits as well as the influence of sex on these trajectories remain largely unknown. We investigated the association of autistic traits in the general population, with longitudinal gray matter (GM) maturation trajectories during the critical period of adolescence.

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Children and Adolescents: Findings on Fluoxetine from the TDM-VIGIL Trial.

Fluoxetine is the recommended first-line antidepressant in many therapeutic guidelines for children and adolescents. However, little is known about the relationships between drug dose and serum level as well as the therapeutic serum reference range in this age group. Within a large naturalistic observational prospective multicenter clinical trial ("TDM-VIGIL"), a transdiagnostic sample of children and adolescents ( = 138; mean age, 15; range, 7-18 years; 24.

What Kurt Schneider Really Said and What the DSM Has Made of it in Its Different Editions: A Plea to Redefine Hallucinations in Schizophrenia.

Kurt Schneider has played a leading role in shaping our current view of schizophrenia, placing certain manifestations of delusions and hallucinations at the center of the disorder, especially ideas of persecution and voice-hearing. The first part of this review summarizes Schneider's original ideas and then traces how the different editions of the DSM merged aspects of Kraepelin's, Bleuler's, and Schneider's historical concepts. Special attention is given to the transition from the DSM-IV to the DSM-5, which eliminated much of Schneider's original concept.