The safety and effectiveness of naldemedine for opioid-induced constipation in patients with advanced cancer in real-world palliative care settings: a multicenter prospective observational study.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of naldemedine for treating opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in patients with advanced cancer, who are receiving palliative care, and particularly explored its early effects.

Methods: Palliative care teams and inpatient palliative care units across 14 institutions in Japan were included in this multicenter, prospective, observational study. Patients who were newly prescribed a daily oral dose of 0.

Quality indicators for integrating oncology and home palliative care in Japan: modified Delphi study.

Context: Home palliative care service increases the chance of dying at home, particularly for patients with advanced cancer, but late referrals to home palliative care services still exist. Indicators for evaluating programs that can facilitate the integration of oncology and home palliative care have not been defined.

Objectives: This study developed quality indicators for the integration of oncology and home palliative care in Japan.

The trajectory of prognostic cognition in patients with advanced cancer: is the traditional advance care planning approach desirable for patients?

Most patients with advanced cancer initially express a desire to be informed of their prognosis, and prognostic discussions between patients and their oncologists can trigger the subsequent trajectory of prognostic cognitions. On the continuum of prognostic cognition, including inaccurate/accurate prognostic awareness (awareness of incurability of cancer, terminal nature of illness or life expectancy) and prognostic acceptance (accepting one's prognosis), patients' perceptions of being informed of their prognosis by oncologists and patients' coping strategy for serious medical conditions regulate prognostic cognitions. However, nearly half of the patients with advanced cancer have poor prognostic awareness, and few patients achieve prognostic acceptance.

Effectiveness of antipsychotics for managing agitated delirium in patients with advanced cancer: a secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective observational study in Japan (Phase-R).

Purpose: Delirium is a common and serious comorbidity in patients with advanced cancer, necessitating effective management. Nonetheless, effective drugs for managing agitated delirium in patients with advanced cancer remain unclear in real-world settings. Thus, the present study aimed to explore an effective pharmacotherapy for this condition.

Opportunities for Savings in Risk Arrangements for Oncologic Care.

Importance: As the US accelerates adoption of alternative payment through global payment models such as Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) or Medicare Advantage (MA), high spending for cancer care is a potential target for savings.

Objective: To quantify the extent to which ACOs and other risk-bearing organizations operating in a specific geographic area (hospital referral region [HRR]) could achieve savings by steering patients to efficient medical oncology practices.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This observational study included serial cross-sections of Medicare beneficiaries with cancer from 2010 to 2018.

Elements of End-of-Life Discussions Associated With Patients' Reported Outcomes and Actual End-of-Life Care in Patients With Pretreated Lung Cancer.

Background: End-of-life discussions for patients with advanced cancer are internationally recommended to ensure consistency of end-of-life care with patients' values. This study examined the elements of end-of-life discussions associated with end-of-life care.

Materials And Methods: We performed a prospective observational study among consecutive patients with pretreated non-small cell lung cancer after the failure of first-line chemotherapy.

The Impact of Virtual Humans on Psychosomatic Medicine.

Objective: Virtual humans are likely to enhance the delivery of health care over the next decade. Virtual humans are artificially intelligent computer agents with hyperrealistic, autonomously animated embodiments based on affective computing techniques. Virtual humans could be programmed to screen for health conditions, triage patients, and deliver health interventions, with appropriate facial expressions and body gestures, functioning as a supplement to human care.

Opioids for the management of dyspnea in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Dyspnea is a prevalent symptom that significantly reduces quality of life of cancer patients. Palliative treatment is necessary when the symptoms do not respond to treatment for their cause. Opioids are widely used as pharmacological therapy, but evidence for individual agents is inconsistent.

Efficacy of supplemental oxygen for dyspnea relief in patients with advanced progressive illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Supplemental oxygen is widely used for dyspnea relief; however, its efficacy is yet to be verified. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of supplemental oxygen for dyspnea relief in patients with advanced progressive illness.

Methods: In this systematic review, several databases, including MEDLINE and EMBASE, were searched to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the topic published up to September 23, 2019.

Current Management Options for Dyspnea in Cancer Patients.

Dyspnea is one of the most frequent and distressing symptoms in patients with advanced cancer. As dyspnea deteriorates patients' quality of life markedly and tends to worsen as the disease progresses, comprehensive assessment and timely treatment of the underlying etiologies are essential. International guidelines recommend various non-pharmacological and pharmacological management options.

Comparing the Feasibility and Acceptability of a Virtual Human, Teletherapy, and an e-Manual in Delivering a Stress Management Intervention to Distressed Adult Women: Pilot Study.

Background: Virtual humans (VHs), teletherapy, and self-guided e-manuals may increase the accessibility of psychological interventions. However, there is limited research on how these technologies compare in terms of their feasibility and acceptability in delivering stress management interventions.

Objective: We conducted a preliminary comparison of the feasibility and acceptability of a VH, teletherapy, and an e-manual at delivering 1 module of cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) to evaluate the feasibility of the trial methodology in preparation for a future randomized controlled trial (RCT).

[Current Status and Improvement Strategies for Integrating Home Palliative Care in Oncology-A Qualitative Study].

This study aimed to investigate healthcare providers' experiences and examine potential strategies for integrating oncologic home palliative care(HPC). This qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews via a web-conferencing system. The data underwent thematic analysis.

Specialized Palliative Care and Intensity of End-of-Life Care Among Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer: A Medical Chart Review.

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer often undergo aggressive end-of-life (EOL) care. We evaluated whether specialized palliative care (SPC) involvement is associated with the receipt of intensive EOL care among AYAs. This retrospective study included patients with cancer treated between the ages of 15 and 39 years at a university hospital, who died during 2009-2022.

Work resumption and retention in patients with advanced cancer: Experiences and perspectives of general and occupational health care professionals.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to explore the experiences and perspectives of general and occupational health care professionals regarding work resumption and work retention of patients with advanced cancer, and to identify barriers and facilitators these professionals may encounter.

Methods: A qualitative design was applied, and individual semistructured interviews were conducted. General and occupational health care professionals were eligible to participate if they were involved in the work participation guidance of patients with advanced cancer, and were recruited through the network of the research team.

Using smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment and personalized feedback for patients with chronic cancer-related fatigue: A proof-of-concept study.

Introduction: Chronic cancer-related fatigue (CCRF) is a complex multidimensional problem warranting person-centered care. Providing patients and therapists personalized feedback based on network analysis applied to ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data could facilitate case conceptualization in psycho-oncological care. The aim was to explore patients' and therapists' experiences of using an EMA app and personalized feedback based on network theory to aid case conceptualization in psycho-oncological care.

Prognostic Awareness and Discussions of Incurability in Patients with Pretreated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Caregivers: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Although patients with advanced cancer often have poor prognostic awareness, the most effective communication approach for improving prognostic awareness is unclear. In addition, the association between prognostic awareness and preferences for future medical treatment remains unexplored.

Materials And Methods: We performed a prospective observational study of consecutive patients with advanced or post-operative recurrent non-small cell lung cancer whose disease had progressed after first-line chemotherapy, and their caregivers.

Effectiveness of family psychoeducation for major depressive disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Although its effect has not been verified, family therapy - such as family psychoeducation (FPE) - is a widely used intervention for treating major depressive disorder (MDD). To our knowledge, no systematic review and meta-analysis exists that examines the effect of FPE on MDD.

Aims: To assess evidence on the effectiveness of FPE on depressive symptoms in people with MDD.

Bereavement care provision and its associated factors among nurses in cancer care settings: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: The goals of this study were to (1) investigate bereavement care provision in practical settings, (2) examine the difference in care by nurses' affiliation (general hospital, hospice, or homecare setting), and (3) identify institutional and personal barriers associated with bereavement care provision.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using an online questionnaire. Nurses (n = 309) who had an experience of cancer patient care before death at least once in a previous year were included in the analysis.