Exhaustion disorder: scoping review of research on a recently introduced stress-related diagnosis.

Background: Symptoms related to chronic stress are prevalent and entail high societal costs, yet there is a lack of international consensus regarding diagnostics and treatment. A new stress-related diagnosis, exhaustion disorder, was introduced into the Swedish version of ICD-10 in 2005. Since then, use of the diagnosis has increased rapidly.

"Good job!": Therapists' encouragement, affirmation, and personal address in internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for adolescents with depression.

Internet-delivered interventions are generally effective for psychological problems. While the presence of a clinician guiding the client via text messages typically leads to better outcomes, the characteristics of what constitutes high-quality communication are less well investigated. This study aimed to identify how an internet therapist most effectively communicates with clients in internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT).

Preliminary evidence of links between ayahuasca use and the corpus callosum.

Background: Recent research suggests that ayahuasca and its alkaloid-containing ingredients may be helpful in the treatment and prevention of certain movement and neurodegenerative disorders. However, such research is still in its infancy and more studies in normative samples seem necessary to explore effects of ayahuasca on clinically relevant brain structures, such as the corpus callosum.

Aims: The purpose of the present study was to investigate links between ayahuasca use and callosal structure in a normative sample.

Factors and their weight in reducing life expectancy in schizophrenia.

Background: Schizophrenia is associated with a wide range of socioeconomic and health-related problems, as well as 10-25 potential life-years lost. While lifestyle choices, comorbidities, and choice of medication are associated with schizophrenia disease burden and mortality, real-world evidence on the impact of these factors on expected life-years among patients with schizophrenia is limited.

Methods: In this study, register-based, nationwide data from patients with schizophrenia in Finland during 1972-2015 were analysed to determine influential factors associated with mortality and to demonstrate their impact on expected life-years in patients with schizophrenia.

Antipsychotic Use and Risk of Low-Energy Fractures in People With Schizophrenia: A Nationwide Nested Case-Control Study in Finland.

Background: Low-energy fractures (LEF) are more frequent in people with schizophrenia than the general population, and the role of prolactin-increasing antipsychotics is unknown.

Study Design: We conducted a nested case-control study using Finnish nationwide registers (inpatient, specialized outpatient care, prescription drug purchases). We matched each person with schizophrenia aged 16-85 years and incident LEF (cases) with 5 age/sex/illness duration-matched controls with schizophrenia, but no LEF.

Prevalence of cancer in relation to signs of periodontal inflammation.

We investigated the associations between periodontal inflammation (gingivitis and periodontitis) and all-kind malignancies, specifically breast and prostate cancer, in a cohort followed-up for 30 years. The study hypothesis was based on the oral inflammation vs. systemic health paradigm.

Sex-Specific Genetic and Transcriptomic Liability to Neuroticism.

Background: The presentation, etiology, and relative risk of psychiatric disorders are strongly influenced by biological sex. Neuroticism is a transdiagnostic feature of psychiatric disorders displaying prominent sex differences. We performed genome-wide association studies of neuroticism separately in males and females to identify sex-specific genetic and transcriptomic profiles.

Annual Research Review: Perspectives on progress in ADHD science - from characterization to cause.

The science of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is motivated by a translational goal - the discovery and exploitation of knowledge about the nature of ADHD to the benefit of those individuals whose lives it affects. Over the past fifty years, scientific research has made enormous strides in characterizing the ADHD condition and in understanding its correlates and causes. However, the translation of these scientific insights into clinical benefits has been limited.

Effectiveness of Antipsychotic Use for Reducing Risk of Work Disability: Results From a Within-Subject Analysis of a Swedish National Cohort of 21,551 Patients With First-Episode Nonaffective Psychosis.

Objective: The authors sought to determine whether antipsychotic use, compared with nonuse, is associated with lower work disability in first-episode nonaffective psychosis, and if so, for how long.

Methods: A within-subject design was used to study the risk of sickness absence or disability pension during antipsychotic use compared with nonuse during a maximum of 11 years of follow-up (2006-2016) in a Swedish nationwide cohort of patients with first-episode nonaffective psychosis (N=21,551; age range, 16-45 years). The within-subject analyses were conducted with stratified Cox regression models, adjusted for time-varying factors, using each individual as her or his own control to eliminate selection bias.

Women with Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders After Menopause: A Vulnerable Group for Relapse.

Background And Hypothesis: Throughout the life stages of women with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD), lower estrogen levels are associated with more severe disease course. At perimenopause in the mid-forties, estrogen levels decline to remain persistently low after menopause. This period is hypothesized to increase relapse risk and reduce antipsychotic effectiveness in preventing relapse.

Psychometric properties of the Jonsson-Abbott Scale: Rasch and confirmatory factor analyses.

Measuring and assessing the different aspects of gambling behavior and its consequences is crucial for planning prevention, treatment, and understanding the development of at-risk and problem gambling. Studies indicate that instruments measuring problem gambling produce different results based on the characteristics of the population assessed. To accurately measure at-risk and problem gambling behavior, especially in a low-risk population, measures must cover a wider set of dimensions than the negative consequences already manifest.

Twenty-year medication use trends in first-episode bipolar disorder.

Objectives: To study the medication use patterns in patients newly diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD) in Finland during the past 20 years.

Methods: All persons diagnosed with BD between 1996 and 2018, aged 16-65 years, with no previous BD diagnosis were identified from nationwide Finnish registers (N = 26,395). The point prevalences of medication use were observed up until 5 years after the first diagnosis.

Mu-opioid receptor system modulates responses to vocal bonding and distress signals in humans.

Laughter is a contagious prosocial signal that conveys bonding motivation; adult crying conversely communicates desire for social proximity by signalling distress. Endogenous mu-opioid receptors (MORs) modulate sociability in humans and non-human primates. In this combined PET-fMRI study ( = 17), we tested whether central MOR tone is associated with regional brain responses to social signals of laughter and crying.

Comparative effect of metformin versus sulfonylureas with dementia and Parkinson's disease risk in US patients over 50 with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for dementia and Parkinson's disease (PD). Drug treatments for diabetes, such as metformin, could be used as novel treatments for these neurological conditions. Using electronic health records from the USA (OPTUM EHR) we aimed to assess the association of metformin with all-cause dementia, dementia subtypes and PD compared with sulfonylureas.

Corrigendum to "The effect of user interface on treatment engagement in a self-guided digital problem-solving intervention: A randomized controlled trial" [Internet Interv. 26 (2021) 1-10/100448].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.

Real-world effectiveness of mood stabilizer use in schizophrenia.

Objective: Mood stabilizers (MS) are often used as adjunctive medication in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to investigate the real-world effectiveness of MS use in persons with schizophrenia.

Methods: The study cohort included all persons treated in inpatient care due to schizophrenia during 1972-2014 in Finland (N = 61,889).

N-acetylcysteine improves impulse control and attenuates relapse-like alcohol intake in long-term drinking rats.

Increasing evidence suggests that individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) present with a disrupted glutamatergic system that underlies core components of addictive disorders, including drug relapse and low impulse control. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a cystine prodrug that has been found to promote glutamate homeostasis and drug abstinence. However, no studies to date have evaluated NAC's effect on impulsivity in substance use disorders.

Associations between antipsychotic use, substance use and relapse risk in patients with schizophrenia: real-world evidence from two national cohorts.

Background: Research on the effectiveness of pharmacotherapies for schizophrenia and comorbid substance use disorder (SUD) is very sparse, and non-existent on the prevention of the development of SUDs in patients with schizophrenia.

Aims: To compare the real-world effectiveness of antipsychotics in schizophrenia in decreasing risk of developing an initial SUD, and psychiatric hospital admission and SUD-related hospital admission among patients with an SUD.

Method: Two independent national cohorts including all persons diagnosed with schizophrenia ( = 45 476) were followed up for 22 (Finland: 1996-2017) and 11 (Sweden: 2006-2016) years.

Psychoeducational group intervention for intellectually able adults with autism and their close relations (Prisma) - an open feasibility study.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in adulthood is associated with severe impairments in functioning and poor health, while ASD is also affecting close relations. Accessible first-line interventions addressing the complex clinical needs and care coordination are lacking.

Methods: This study investigated the feasibility and preliminary effects of a new psychoeducational intervention (Prisma) developed for intellectually able adults with ASD and their close relations in an outpatient setting.

Annual incidence of substance-induced psychoses in Scandinavia from 2000 to 2016.

Background: Substance-induced psychosis (SIP) is a serious condition and may predispose for schizophrenia. We know too little about SIP incidence over time and across countries, including substance-specific SIPs. We estimated annual incidence rate of SIP in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden according to substance, age, gender, and socioeconomic background.

Prevalence and associations of classic psychedelic-related seizures in a population-based sample.

Objectives: Previous studies have reported links between classic psychedelic use and seizures, but little remains known about prevalence and potential risk factors of classic psychedelic-related seizures.

Methods: Using a sample representative of the US adult population with regard to sex, age, and ethnicity (N = 2822), this study examined the prevalence and potential risk factors of classic psychedelic-related seizures, in a subsample of respondents who reported lifetime classic psychedelic use (n = 613).

Results: Among those who reported lifetime classic psychedelic use, 1.

Automatic vocalisation-based detection of fragile X syndrome and Rett syndrome.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and Rett syndrome (RTT) are developmental disorders currently not diagnosed before toddlerhood. Even though speech-language deficits are among the key symptoms of both conditions, little is known about infant vocalisation acoustics for an automatic earlier identification of affected individuals. To bridge this gap, we applied intelligent audio analysis methodology to a compact dataset of 4454 home-recorded vocalisations of 3 individuals with FXS and 3 individuals with RTT aged 6 to 11 months, as well as 6 age- and gender-matched typically developing controls (TD).