PET Imaging of the Serotonin 1A Receptor in Major Depressive Disorder: Hierarchical Multivariate Analysis of [C]WAY100635 Overcomes Outcome Measure Discrepancies.

The serotonin 1A receptor has been linked to both the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and the antidepressant action of serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Most PET studies of the serotonin 1A receptor in MDD used the receptor antagonist radioligand, [carbonyl-C]WAY100635; however the interpretation of the combined results has been contentious owing to reports of higher or lower binding in MDD with different outcome measures. The reasons for these divergent results originate from several sources, including properties of the radiotracer itself, which complicate its quantification and interpretation; as well as from previously reported differences between MDD and healthy volunteers in both reference tissue binding and plasma free fraction, which are typically assumed not to differ.

Provision of professional interpreters and Heart School attendance for foreign-born compared with native-born myocardial infarction patients in Sweden.

Objective: Interactive patient education, referred to as Heart School (HS), is an important part of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after myocardial infarction (MI), which has been associated with improved outcomes. Little is known about HS attendance among foreign-born patients. The aims were to assess; 1) HS attendance in foreign-born versus native-born patients, 2) the association between the provision of professional interpreters and HS attendance, and 3) secondary prevention goal attainment after MI based on HS attendance.

Discontinuation of psychotropic medication: a synthesis of evidence across medication classes.

Pharmacotherapy is an effective treatment modality across psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, many patients discontinue their medication at some point. Evidence-based guidance for patients, clinicians, and policymakers on rational discontinuation strategies is vital to enable the best, personalized treatment for any given patient.

Development and Validation of a Machine Learning-Based Model of Mortality Risk in First-Episode Psychosis.

Importance: There is an absence of mortality risk assessment tools in first-episode psychosis (FEP) that could enable personalized interventions.

Objective: To examine the feasibility of machine learning (ML) in discerning mortality risk in FEP and to assess whether such risk predictions can inform pharmacotherapy choices.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this prognostic study, Swedish nationwide cohort data (from July 1, 2006, to December 31, 2021) were harnessed for model development and validation.

A qualitative analysis of the documentation of DSM-5 Cultural Formulation Interviews with non-native speaking patients in a Swedish mental health care setting.

Introduction: Cultural variety in expressed symptom presentations of mental health problems creates difficulties in transcultural diagnostic assessments. This emphasizes the need of culturally sensitive diagnostic tools like the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI). Although the CFI is being implemented worldwide there is a lack of studies analyzing what kind of information it provides when used with new patients in routine psychiatric assessments, and how CFI information contributes to diagnostic evaluations.

Navigated and individual α-peak-frequency-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation in male patients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia.

Background: Previous electroencephalography (EEG) studies have indicated altered brain oscillatory α-band activity in schizophrenia, and treatment with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) using individualized α-frequency has shown therapeutic effects. Magnetic resonance imaging-based neuronavigation methods allow stimulation of a specific cortical region and improve targeting of rTMS; therefore, we sought to study the efficacy of navigated, individual α-peak-frequency-guided rTMS (αTMS) on treatment-refractory schizophrenia.

Methods: We recruited medication-refractory male patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in this doubleblind, sham-controlled study.

Association of antidepressant and benzodiazepine use, and anticholinergic burden with cognitive performance in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is characterized by cognitive impairment affecting everyday functioning. Earlier research has hypothesized that antidepressants may associate with better cognitive functioning, but results are mixed. This study explored the association between antidepressant use and cognitive performance in terms of reaction time and visual learning in a clinical sample.

Advancements in Microfluidic Cassette-Based iMiDEV™ Technology for Production of L-[C]Methionine and [C]Choline.

Microfluidic technology is a highly efficient technique used in positron emission tomography (PET) radiochemical synthesis. This approach enables the precise control of reactant flows and reaction conditions, leading to improved yields and reduced synthesis time. The synthesis of two radiotracers, L-[C]methionine and [C]choline, was performed, using a microfluidic cassette and an iMiDEV module by employing a dose-on-demand approach for the synthesis process.

Regional differences in mortality risk and in attenuating or aggravating factors in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

People with schizophrenia die prematurely, yet regional differences are unclear. PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review/random-effects meta-analysis of cohort studies assessing mortality relative risk (RR) versus any control group, and moderators, in people with ICD/DSM-defined schizophrenia, comparing countries and continents. We conducted subgroup, meta-regression analyses, and quality assessment.

Dopamine release in human associative striatum during reversal learning.

The dopaminergic system is firmly implicated in reversal learning but human measurements of dopamine release as a correlate of reversal learning success are lacking. Dopamine release and hemodynamic brain activity in response to unexpected changes in action-outcome probabilities are here explored using simultaneous dynamic [11C]Raclopride PET-fMRI and computational modelling of behavior. When participants encounter reversed reward probabilities during a card guessing game, dopamine release is observed in associative striatum.

Microfluidic-based production of [Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 and [Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC using the cassette-based iMiDEV™ microfluidic radiosynthesizer.

Background: The demand for Ga-labeled radiotracers has significantly increased in the past decade, driven by the development of diversified imaging tracers, such as FAPI derivatives, PSMA-11, DOTA-TOC, and DOTA-TATE. These tracers have exhibited promising results in theranostic applications, fueling interest in exploring them for clinical use. Among these probes, Ga-labeled FAPI-46 and DOTA-TOC have emerged as key players due to their ability to diagnose a broad spectrum of cancers ([Ga]Ga-FAPI-46) in late-phase studies, whereas [Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC is clinically approved for neuroendocrine tumors.

Add-on pramipexole for anhedonic depression: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial and open-label follow-up in Lund, Sweden.

Introduction: Many depressed patients do not achieve remission with available treatments. Anhedonia is a common residual symptom associated with treatment resistance as well as low function and quality of life. There are currently no specific and effective treatments for anhedonia.

Parametric and non-parametric Poisson regression for modelling of the arterial input function in positron emission tomography.

Full quantification of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) requires an arterial input function (AIF) for measurement of certain targets, or using particular radiotracers, or for the quantification of specific outcome measures. The AIF represents the measurement of radiotracer concentrations in the arterial blood plasma over the course of the PET examination. Measurement of the AIF is prone to error as it is a composite measure created from the combination of multiple measurements of different samples with different equipment, each of which can be sources of measurement error.

Brief scales for the measurement of target variables and processes of change in cognitive behaviour therapy for major depression, panic disorder and social anxiety disorder.

Background: The measurement of process variables derived from cognitive behavioural theory can aid treatment development and support the clinician in following treatment progress. Self-report process measures are ideally brief, which reduces the burden on patients and facilitates the implementation of repeated measurements.

Aims: To develop 13 brief versions (3-6 items) of existing cognitive behavioural process scales for three common mental disorders: major depression, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder.

Effect of severity of depression on augmentation of antidepressant medication in young adults with depression.

Background: Antipsychotics (AP) have been used to augment antidepressant (AD) medication in treatment-resistant depression. In this study we examined factors (including severity of depression and initial antidepressant) affecting AP augmentation, as well as which APs were initiated as augmentation in young adults.

Methods: Data were extracted from Finnish nationwide registers.

Development of a PET Tracer for OGA with Improved Kinetics in the Living Brain.

-GlcNAcylation is thought to play a role in the development of tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease because of its ability to modulate tau's aggregation propensity. -GlcNAcylation is regulated by 2 enzymes: -GlcNAc transferase and -GlcNAcase (OGA). Development of a PET tracer would therefore be an essential tool for developing therapeutic small-molecule inhibitors of OGA, enabling clinical testing of target engagement and dose selection.

Music therapy modulates mothers' perception of their preterm infants.

Premature birth imposes considerable challenges on the preterm infant, but also challenges the mother, who may not yet be prepared for motherhood and encounter psychological stress during the post-partum period. This secondary analysis of a prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to investigate how mothers perceive their preterm infants. We surveyed 33 mothers of preterm infants born before 32  weeks of gestation, who were participating in an RCT on music therapy.

Anxiety associated with perceived uncontrollable stress enhances expectations of environmental volatility and impairs reward learning.

Unavoidable stress can lead to perceived lack of control and learned helplessness, a risk factor for depression. Avoiding punishment and gaining rewards involve updating the values of actions based on experience. Such updating is however useful only if action values are sufficiently stable, something that a lack of control may impair.

Psychedelic use and psychiatric risks.

Rationale: Research on psychedelics has recently shown promising results in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders, but relatively little remains known about the psychiatric risks associated with naturalistic use of psychedelics.

Objective: The objective of the current study was to investigate associations between naturalistic psychedelic use and psychiatric risks.

Methods: Using a sample representative of the US adult population with regard to sex, age, and ethnicity (N=2822), this study investigated associations between lifetime naturalistic psychedelic use, lifetime unusual visual experiences, and past 2-week psychotic symptoms.