Freeze-dried fecal microorganisms as an effective biomaterial for the treatment of calves suffering from diarrhea.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a therapeutic modality for treating neonatal calf diarrhea. Several practical barriers, including donor selection, fecal collection, and a limited timeframe for FMT, are the main constraints to using fresh feces for implementing on-farm FMT. We report the utility of FMT with pretreated ready-to-use frozen (F) or freeze-dried (FD) microorganisms for treating calf diarrhea.

Formation of the junctions between lymph follicles in the Peyer's patches even before postweaning activation.

Peyer's patches (PPs), which contain an abundance of B and T cells, play a key role in inducing pivotal immune responses in the intestinal tract. PPs are defined as aggregated lymph follicles, which consist of multiple lymph follicles (LFs) that may interact with each other in a synergistic manner. LFs are thought to be spherical in shape; however, the characteristics of their structure are not fully understood.

Mentoring: Shaping the professional identity of the academic internal medicine hospitalist.

Background: Burnout and lagging academic productivity are pressing challenges in hospital medicine, leading to stagnation and attrition. Mentoring shapes professional identity formation and enhances faculty vitality and retention, but has not been optimized among academic hospitalists.

Objectives: We sought to explore how mentoring impacts academic hospitalist professional identity and to elucidate barriers to mentoring in the field.

Identification of four genes responsible for antimicrobial resistance of MEL-B against S. aureus.

There is increasing interest in the antimicrobial activity of mannosylerythritol lipids-B (MEL-B) against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). However, the specific molecules involved in MEL-B's antimicrobial action against S.

TraumaICD Bidirectional Encoder Representation From Transformers: A Natural Language Processing Algorithm to Extract Injury International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition Diagnosis Code From Free Text.

Objective: To develop and validate TraumaICDBERT, a natural language processing algorithm to predict injury International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10) diagnosis codes from trauma tertiary survey notes.

Background: The adoption of ICD-10 diagnosis codes in clinical settings for injury prediction is hindered by the lack of real-time availability. Existing natural language processing algorithms have limitations in accurately predicting injury ICD-10 diagnosis codes.

Evaluation of Continuing Professional Development for Physicians - Time for Change: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: Evaluation of education interventions is essential for continuous improvement as it provides insights into how and why outcomes occur. Specifically, for physicians' continuing professional development (CPD) programs, which aim to upskill physicians in a range of practice-essential domains, evaluations are crucial to assure physicians' continuous development, enhanced patient care and safety. However, evaluations of health professions education (HPE) interventions tend to be outcomes focused, failing to capture how and why outcomes occur.

FasterRib: A deep learning algorithm to automate identification and characterization of rib fractures on chest computed tomography scans.

Objective: Characterizing and enumerating rib fractures are critical to informing clinical decisions, yet in-depth characterization is rarely performed because of the manual burden of annotating these injuries on computed tomography (CT) scans. We hypothesized that our deep learning model, FasterRib , could predict the location and percentage displacement of rib fractures using chest CT scans.

Methods: The development and internal validation cohort comprised more than 4,700 annotated rib fractures from 500 chest CT scans within the public RibFrac.

Detecting Parkinson's Disease through Gait Measures Using Machine Learning.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common long-term degenerative movement disorders that affects the motor system. This progressive nervous system disorder affects nearly one million Americans, and more than 20,000 new cases are diagnosed each year. PD is a chronic and progressive painful neurological disorder and usually people with PD live 10 to 20 years after being diagnosed.

Modeling COVID-19 Vaccine Adverse Effects with a Visualized Knowledge Graph Database.

In this study, we utilized ontology and machine learning methods to analyze the current results on vaccine adverse events. With the VAERS (Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System) Database, the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines are summarized, and a relational/graph database was implemented for further applications and analysis. The adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines up to March 2022 were utilized in the study.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the mortality risk in male older adults: Role of socioeconomic factors.

Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease among older adults, leading to mortality. Although COPD is also associated with socioeconomic factors, little is known about the impact of COPD on mortality accounting for them. We examined the association between COPD and mortality among older male adults, adjusting for socioeconomic factors.

Home-Based Frailty Prevention Program for Older Women Participants of Kayoi-No-Ba during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Feasibility Study.

This study presents a single-arm intervention that aimed to determine the feasibility of a three-month home-based exercise program to prevent the progression of frailty during COVID-19. We recruited four groups of Kayoi-no-ba, or community salons for frailty prevention, and a total of 69 community-dwelling older women who belonged to one of the Kayoi-no-ba in a preliminary study for a follow-up study. The intervention program was developed on the basis of the 5A approach, and the focus group by the volunteer leaders of Kayoi-no-ba.

Development of a novel 3D-printed and silicone live-wire model for thyroidectomy.

Purpose: We present the development and validation of a novel and innovative low-cost model for thyroidectomy. The purpose is to provide a high-fidelity and inexpensive method to provide repetition to surgeons early on the learning curve.

Materials And Methods: The model consists of a 3D-printed laryngeal and tracheal framework, with silicone components to replicate the thyroid gland, strap muscles, and skin.

Recommendations and Guidelines for the Use of Simulation to Address Structural Racism and Implicit Bias.

Simulation-based education is a particularly germane strategy for addressing the difficult topic of racism and implicit bias due to its immersive nature and the paradigm of structured debriefing. Researchers have proposed actionable frameworks for implicit bias education, particularly outlining the need to shift from recognition to transformation, with the goal of changing discriminatory behaviors and policies. As simulation educators tasked with training health care professionals, we have an opportunity to meet this need for transformation.

Can hospital adult code-teams and individual members perform high-quality CPR? A multicenter simulation-based study incorporating an educational intervention with CPR feedback.

Aims: A multicenter simulation-based research study to assess the ability of interprofessional code-teams and individual members to perform high-quality CPR (HQ-CPR) at baseline and following an educational intervention with a CPR feedback device.

Methods: Five centers recruited ten interprofessional teams of AHA-certified adult code-team members with a goal of 200 participants. Baseline testing of chest compression (CC) quality was measured for all individuals.

"It's a Big Part of Being Good Surgeons": Surgical Trainees' Perceptions of Error Recovery in the Operating Room.

Background: The burden of surgical error is high - errors threaten patient safety, lead to increased economic costs to society, and contribute to physician and resident burnout. To date, the majority of work has focused on strategies for reducing the incidence of surgical error, however, total error eradication remains unrealistic. Errors are, to some extent, unavoidable.

Continuing Medical Education and Continuing Professional Development in the Republic of Armenia: The Evolution of Legislative and Regulatory Frameworks Post Transition.

The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 left many ex-republics in a financial and administrative crisis for the ensuing two decades. Previously centralised processes like recertification of doctors and healthcare workers and continuing medical education fell by the wayside. Continuing medical education and continuing professional development in Armenia have evolved through multiple phases from Soviet, to immediate, mid and late-transitional post-Soviet periods, to current modernising efforts.

A post-Soviet Republic in Transition: A Novel Amplification Programme to Address the Crisis of Continuing Medical Education and Challenges Facing Regional Physicians in the Republic of Armenia.

Background: After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, the existing process of Continuing Medical Education (CME) was decimated. The Fund for Armenian Relief (FAR) was able to leverage competitive educational fellowship programmes in existence, and harness new knowledge gained by returning fellows thus amplifying the impact on education and patient care in the regions of the republic of Armenia.

Aims: This manuscript describes a replicable novel amplification programme using a "train the trainer" model for CME in the republic of Armenia.

Surgical Errors Happen, but Are Learners Trained to Recover from Them? A Survey of North American Surgical Residents and Fellows.

Background: Surgical training necessitates graded supervision and supported independence in order to reach competence. In developing surgical skills, trainees can, and will, make mistakes. A key skill required for independent practice is the ability to recover from an error or unexpected complication.