Contraceptive use among women who desire no more children in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study of a national survey.

Introduction: The desire for no additional births may be used to estimate the demand for family planning. Couple education may influence contraceptive use. This study aimed to examine the relationship between education and contraceptive use among women who desire no more children in Indonesia.

Patients' Acceptability and Perspective on Utilizing Telemedicine in Breast Cancer Care and Management.

Telemedicine has emerged as a promising solution to address the challenges of providing continuous care to breast cancer patients, particularly in remote areas. This study aims to assess the acceptability of using telemedicine for breast cancer follow-up. A cross-sectional study utilizing a self-administered survey was conducted from January to March 2024 among 450 breast cancer patients at the Universiti Malaya Medical Center, Malaysia.

Refining breast cancer genetic risk and biology through multi-ancestry fine-mapping analyses of 192 risk regions.

Genome-wide association studies have identified approximately 200 genetic risk loci for breast cancer, but the causal variants and target genes are mostly unknown. We sought to fine-map all known breast cancer risk loci using genome-wide association study data from 172,737 female breast cancer cases and 242,009 controls of African, Asian and European ancestry. We identified 332 independent association signals for breast cancer risk, including 131 signals not reported previously, and for 50 of them, we narrowed the credible causal variants down to a single variant.

The Interaction of Racial-Ethnic and Economic Concentration and its Association with Premature Mortality in U.S. Neighborhoods.

Recent research shows a significant link between race-ethnicity and income concentration and premature death rates in the U.S. However, most studies focus on Black-White residential concentration, overlooking racial-ethnic diversity.

Geographic variation of recorded neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adults.

Introduction: While diagnosis rates of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) vary within countries at a large-scale municipal level, small neighbourhood geographic variation remains understudied. In this nationwide study, we describe the rates of ASD and ADHD diagnoses in children and adults by geographical data zones of approximately 2,500 residents across Denmark.

Methods: We included a population of children born from 1993 through 2020 and an adult population born from 1977 through 2003.

Cardiac Rehabilitation for Persons with Stroke: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Objective: To investigate the cost-effectiveness of a cardiac rehabilitation program in individuals with stroke compared with customary care.

Design: A Markov model was created using a 30-year time horizon, with cycle lengths of 1 year to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a cardiac rehabilitation program in persons with stroke. Input parameters were based on recently published literature.

Sleep patterns among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and non-Indigenous Australians: A South Australian descriptive exploratory study.

Aim: Irregularities with sleep patterns and behaviours are commonly observed in Australia, but there is lack of information regarding sleep patterns among Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander adults. This study explores sleep patterns in Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander adults, comparing it with non-Indigenous Australian adults in addition to investigating any potential effects on daytime behaviour.

Methods: A total of 730 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples aged 18 years and above were included in the study.

Frailty prevalence, invasive treatment frequency, and in-hospital outcome in patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome in Germany (2005-2022): a nationwide registry study.

Background: Frailty is a significant predictor for adverse outcomes. Yet, data on prevalence and treatment of frail patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains limited. We aimed to investigate frailty prevalence, interventional treatment frequency, and in-hospital outcome for all patients hospitalized for ACS in Germany from 2005 to 2022 and validate the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) in this population.

Disparities in anti-nucleocapsid and anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in NYC - April-October 2021.

Purpose: Between April-October 2021, the New York City (NYC) Health Department conducted a serosurvey to assess prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in NYC adults as part of continued COVID-19 surveillance efforts.

Methods: Whole blood specimens were collected from 1035 adult NYC residents recruited from an annual population-based health surveillance survey. Specimens were tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-spike) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (anti-nucleocapsid) antibodies.

A descriptive summary of the WHO availability assessments of medical abortion medicines in eight African countries.

Background: The use of medical abortion using either a combination of mifepristone and misoprostol, or misoprostol alone has contributed to increased safety and decreased mortality and morbidity. The availability of quality medical abortion medicines is an essential component in the provision of quality abortion care. Understanding the factors that influence the availability of medical abortion medicines is important to help in-country policymakers, program planners, and providers improve availability and use of medical abortion.

Medicaid‑Insured Children with Medical Complexity in a Rural State.

Objectives: To describe children with medical complexity (CMC) in Montana according to their clinical characteristics, rurality and distance from specialty care, and to assess for disparities in geographic access to specialty care for American Indian children.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study we categorized children in 2016-2021 Montana Medicaid claims data using the Pediatric Medical Complexity Algorithm and compared the associations of medical complexity and demographic traits using Chi-squared tests. Using a database of providers we calculated drive times from children's residences to the nearest pediatric subspecialist and calculated bootstrap confidence intervals for the difference in median driving distances by complexity and race.

Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes in US-Born and Non-US-Born Black Pregnant People in the US.

Importance: With disparate Black maternal health outcomes in the US and a steadily expanding non-US-born Black population, it is beneficial to investigate Black maternal health outcomes by country of origin.

Objective: To compare the prevalence of maternal morbidity and infant birth outcomes between US-born and non-US-born Black populations in the US.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study included all registered hospital births in the US from the 2021 National Vital Statistics Systems (NVSS) Natality Data.

Femoral or Radial Secondary Access in TAVR: A Subanalysis From the Multicenter PULSE Registry.

Background: Transradial secondary access (TR-SA) may serve as an alternative to the traditional femoral secondary access (TF-SA) for pigtail placement in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of secondary access-related vascular complications after TR-SA or TF-SA in TAVR.

Methods: The PULSE (Plug or sUture based vascuLar cloSurE after TAVR) registry retrospectively evaluated data of 10,120 patients who underwent transfemoral TAVR at 10 heart centers from 2016 to 2021.

Anxiety and stress among Vietnamese health workers during the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: a cross-sectional study.

The prevalence and contributing factors of mental health issues among health workers in Vietnam during the early 2022 Omicron wave remain underexplored. This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and stress among health workers in a Vietnamese hospital during this period. A cross-sectional study, conducted from February 28 to April 14, 2022, at Hanoi Medical University Hospital, assessed anxiety and stress among 754 frontline health workers using the DASS-21 questionnaire via a Google survey.

Life course social mobility and cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults in India: Exploring heterogeneity by gender.

This study investigates the link between life course social mobility and cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults in India, specifically emphasizing whether upward and downward mobility exerts symmetric associations and potential gender heterogeneity within these associations. Leveraging data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India 2017-2018, encompassing 64,710 individuals aged 45 years or above, we classified social mobility as 'consistently high,' 'upward mobility,' 'downward mobility,' and 'consistently low,' based on socioeconomic position during childhood and late adulthood. Multivariable regression and gender-interaction analyses were employed to assess associations.

Cortical activations in cognitive task performance at multiple frequency bands.

Neural oscillations are fundamental for brain function and govern various cognitive processes. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging advances offer the opportunity to study frequency-specific properties of blood-oxygen-level-dependent oscillations at multiple frequency bands. However, most have focused on spontaneous brain activity in the resting state, leaving a gap in direct evidence regarding the specific activations of cognitive tasks across different frequency bands.

What is in a food store name? Leveraging large language models to enhance food environment data.

Introduction: It is not uncommon to repurpose administrative food data to create food environment datasets in the health department and research settings; however, the available administrative data are rarely categorized in a way that supports meaningful insight or action, and ground-truthing or manually reviewing an entire city or neighborhood is rate-limiting to essential operations and analysis. We show that such categorizations should be viewed as a classification problem well addressed by recent advances in natural language processing and deep learning-with the advent of large language models (LLMs).

Methods: To demonstrate how to automate the process of categorizing food stores, we use the foundation model BERT to give a first approximation to such categorizations: a best guess by store name.

Myocardial infarction and short- or long-term risk of a subsequent cancer diagnosis: a Danish Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: Growing evidence suggests that myocardial infarction (MI) may be a marker of cancer risk, but many aspects of this relation are poorly understood.

Objectives: To examine the short- and long-term risk of incident cancer in patients presenting with MI.

Methods: Using nationwide population-based Danish health registries, we identified all patients with a first-time diagnosis of MI (1995-2021) and followed them for up to 28 years for any subsequent diagnosis of cancer.

Health equity innovation in precision medicine: data stewardship and agency to expand representation in clinicogenomics.

Most forms of clinical research examine a very minute cross section of the patient journey. Much of the knowledge and evidence base driving current genomic medicine practice entails blind spots arising from underrepresentation and lack of research participation in clinicogenomic databases. The flaws are perpetuated in AI models and clinical practice guidelines that reflect the lack of diversity in data being used.

Changes in retail cigarette price after tax increase: Findings from the 2018-2020 ITC Vietnam surveys.

Introduction: No longitudinal study has investigated the impact of cigarette tax increases on retail prices in Vietnam. This study aims to describe changes in the purchase price of cigarettes following an excise tax increase from 70% to 75% in January 2019.

Methods: Data were collected from people who currently smoke cigarettes in the longitudinal ITC Vietnam surveys: 1870 participants in Wave 1 (pre-increase), 1564 in Wave 2 (post-increase), and 1308 in Wave 3 (post-increase).

Determinants of alcohol consumption among men and women aged 15-49 years in Cambodia: Evidence from the Cambodia demographic and health survey 2021-2022.

Introduction: Alcohol consumption is a global health issue linked to over 200 diseases and accounts for 5.3% of all deaths annually. We aimed to determine the sociodemographic factors associated with alcohol consumption among Cambodian women and men aged 15-49 years.