Perception of moderate-intensity physical activity by onset of obesity: A randomized crossover trial.

Moderate-intensity physical activity is recommended for inactive adults with overweight/obesity (OW/OB). The objective of this study is to determine if differences exist in the selection of moderate intensity between inactive adults with juvenile-onset (JO) and adult-onset (AO) OW/OB. Participants (JO = 18, AO = 20) were stratified by onset and completed two separate 20-minute moderate-intensity exercise sessions on a treadmill and cycle ergometer (randomized order).

Obesity and altered angiogenic-related gene expression in endometrial cancer.

Objectives: Evaluate association between obesity and angiogenic-related gene expression in endometrial cancer (EC). Evaluate interaction between diet and metformin on angiogenic-related gene expression.

Methods: We evaluated the association between 168 human angiogenic-related genes and body mass index (BMI) in the TCGA Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma cohort (endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) cohort n = 290, and copy number high cohort n = 55), an independent validation cohort from Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence (GYN-COE) (n = 62) and corresponding 185 homologous mouse genes in an LKB1p53 mouse model of EC (n = 20).

Implementation of social needs screening in primary care: a qualitative study using the health equity implementation framework.

Background: Screening in primary care for unmet individual social needs (e.g., housing instability, food insecurity, unemployment, social isolation) is critical to addressing their deleterious effects on patients' health outcomes.

Innovating the Personalization of Stratified Survivorship Care Pathways: Using a Cancer Data Ecosystem to Improve Care Access, Outcomes, Efficiency, and Costs.

New models of survivorship care are needed that improve outcomes for the growing number of cancer survivors, address the increasing complexity of their health needs, and deal with the shortage of clinicians and rising costs of this care. Technology can aid the delivery of personalized, stratified survivorship care pathways where the intensity of care, the care setting, and the providers required for that care vary with survivors' needs. Building a cancer data ecosystem of connected data streams that supports and learns from each patient can be used to streamline care, enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and facilitate research.

ELMO1 signaling is a promoter of osteoclast function and bone loss.

Osteoporosis affects millions worldwide and is often caused by osteoclast induced bone loss. Here, we identify the cytoplasmic protein ELMO1 as an important 'signaling node' in osteoclasts. We note that ELMO1 SNPs associate with bone abnormalities in humans, and that ELMO1 deletion in mice reduces bone loss in four in vivo models: osteoprotegerin deficiency, ovariectomy, and two types of inflammatory arthritis.

Single case designs for early phase behavioral translational research in health psychology.

Objective: The biomedical research community has long recognized that much of the basic research being conducted, whether in the biological, behavioral or social sciences, is not readily translated into clinical and public health applications. This translational gap is due in part to challenges inherent in moving research findings from basic or discovery research to applied research that addresses clinical or public health problems. In the behavioral and social sciences, research designs typically used in the early phases of translational research are small, underpowered "pilot" studies that may lack sufficient statistical power to test the research question of interest.

EULAR portfolio for Rheumatology training: a EULAR School of Rheumatology initiative.

Objective: About half of the rheumatology trainees do not use a portfolio. This project was established to reach consensus about the content of a EULAR portfolio for Rheumatology training and subsequently develop portfolio assessment forms.

Methods: After establishing a portfolio working group (WG), including nine rheumatologists and one educationalist, a systematic literature review (SLR) on the content and structure of portfolios for postgraduate learning was conducted (November 2018).

Changes in Health Behaviors Associated With Weight Gain by Weight Classification During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: To determine whether perceived changes (i.e. perception of engagement during the pandemic relative to pre-pandemic) in specific health behaviors differ by weight status (i.

First-in-Human Study of PF-06647020 (Cofetuzumab Pelidotin), an Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targeting Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7, in Advanced Solid Tumors.

Purpose: We investigated safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of the protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7)-targeted, auristatin-based antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) PF-06647020/cofetuzumab pelidotin (NCT02222922).

Patients And Methods: Patients received PF-06647020 intravenously every 3 weeks at 0.2-3.

Racial and ethnic minority patient participation in N-of-1 trials: perspectives of healthcare providers and patients.

Patients from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds in the USA have historically been under-represented in research trials. Understanding their viewpoints regarding participation in N-of-1 trials is imperative as we design and implement these studies. We conducted six focus groups of racial and ethnic minority patients (n = 25) and providers (n = 9).

Harnessing Nutrition and Physical Activity for Breast Cancer Prevention and Control to Reduce Racial/Ethnic Cancer Health Disparities.

There are well-known racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity, as well as breast cancer risk and survival. However, most of the current scientific evidence that serves as a foundation for nutrition and physical activity guidelines is based on studies conducted in predominantly non-Hispanic White populations. Similarly, exercise, diet, or lifestyle intervention trials for breast cancer prevention and survivorship are scarce in racial/ethnic minority populations.

Telephone-based depression self-management in Hispanic adults with epilepsy: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Depression is associated with adverse outcomes in epilepsy but is undertreated in this population. Project UPLIFT, a telephone-based depression self-management program, was developed for adults with epilepsy and has been shown to reduce depressive symptoms in English-speaking patients. There remains an unmet need for accessible mental health programs for Hispanic adults with epilepsy.

Economic outcomes of depression screening after acute coronary syndromes: The CODIACS-QoL randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of screening for depression in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and no history of depression.

Methods: Cost-effectiveness analysis of a randomized trial enrolling 1500 patients with ACS between 2013 and 2017. Patients were randomized to no screening, screening and notifying the primary care provider (PCP), and screening, notifying the PCP, and providing enhanced depression treatment.

Using a multistakeholder collaboratory and patient surveys to inform the conduct of personalized (N-of-1) trials.

Objective: Personalized trials have the potential to improve the precision of treatment selection and foster patient involvement in clinical decision making. Little is known about the attitudes of patients with multimorbidities. To address this, stakeholders designed and conducted a national survey that determined general attitudes and features of personalized trials that may increase their use among patients with multimorbidities in clinical and research practice.

Identifying Novel Drug Targets by iDTPnd: A Case Study of Kinase Inhibitors.

Current FDA-approved kinase inhibitors cause diverse adverse effects, some of which are due to the mechanism-independent effects of these drugs. Identifying these mechanism-independent interactions could improve drug safety and support drug repurposing. Here, we develop iDTPnd (integrated Drug Target Predictor with negative dataset), a computational approach for large-scale discovery of novel targets for known drugs.

The influence of multi-morbidities on colorectal cancer screening recommendations and completion.

Purpose: Patients' chronic disease burden can influence the likelihood that providers will recommend cancer screening and that patients will participate in it. Using data from the STOP CRC pragmatic study, we examined associations between chronic disease burden and colorectal cancer screening recommendation and use.

Methods: Participating STOP CRC clinics (n = 26) received either usual care or training to implement a mailed fecal immunochemical test (FIT) outreach program.

Experimental Designs to Optimize Treatments for Individuals: Personalized N-of-1 Trials.

Conventional randomized clinical trials (RCTs) compare treatment effectiveness to provide support for evidence-based treatments that can be generalized to the average patient. However, the information obtained from RCTs may not always be useful for selecting the best treatment for individual patients. This article presents a complementary approach to identifying optimized treatments using experimental designs that focus on individuals.

Methodological aspects of design, analysis and reporting of studies with work participation as an outcome domain in patients with inflammatory arthritis: results of two systematic literature reviews informing EULAR points to consider.

Objective: To summarise the methodological aspects in studies with work participation (WP) as outcome domain in inflammatory arthritis (IA) and other chronic diseases.

Methods: Two systematic literature reviews (SLRs) were conducted in key electronic databases (2014-2019): search 1 focused on longitudinal prospective studies in IA and search 2 on SLRs in other chronic diseases. Two reviewers independently identified eligible studies and extracted data covering pre-defined methodological areas.

Fluctuations in depression and anxiety predict dysregulated leptin among obese breast cancer survivors.

Purpose: Leptin influences inflammation and tumor growth and leptin signaling is often dysregulated among obese breast cancer survivors. This leads to a lack of satiety and, ultimately, risk for further weight gain. Breast cancer survivors also experience high rates of depression and anxiety, which are linked to leptin production.

Points to consider for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases with Janus kinase inhibitors: a systematic literature research.

Objectives: Review of efficacy and safety of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibition in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs).

Methods: A systematic literature research (SLR) of all publications on JAK inhibitors (JAKi) treatment published until March 2019 using MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Efficacy and safety were assessed in randomised controlled trials (RCTs), integrating long-term extension periods additionally for safety evaluation.

Development and Evaluation of a Tailored Mobile Health Intervention to Improve Medication Adherence in Black Patients With Uncontrolled Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes: Pilot Randomized Feasibility Trial.

Background: Research has underscored the need to develop socioculturally tailored interventions to improve adherence behaviors in minority patients with hypertension (HTN) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Novel mobile health (mHealth) approaches are potential methods for delivering tailored interventions to minority patients with increased cardiovascular risk.

Objective: This study aims to develop and evaluate the acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a tailored mHealth adherence intervention versus attention control (AC) on medication adherence, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and hemoglobin A (HbA) at 3 months in 42 Black patients with uncontrolled HTN and/or T2D who were initially nonadherent to their medications.

Assessment of competences in rheumatology training: results of a systematic literature review to inform EULAR points to consider.

Objective: To summarise the literature on the assessment of competences in postgraduate medical training.

Methods: A systematic literature review was performed within a EULAR taskforce on the assessment of competences in rheumatology training and other related specialities (July 2019). Two searches were performed: one search for rheumatology and one for related medical specialities.

U.S. Children Meeting Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Sleep Guidelines.

Introduction: Physical inactivity, high screen time, and short sleep are targets of public health initiatives for children. However, few data exist on how many U.S.

Using early phase studies to advance intervention research: The science of behavior change.

This special issue showcases how investigators working in different areas of health behavior change are utilizing early phase studies to advance intervention development. Through the publication of design or protocol papers for currently funded Science of Behavior Change (SOBC) network projects, the special issue illustrates how investigative teams are implementing the experimental medicine approach to advance our understanding of the mechanisms of action that underlie behavior change interventions and, in turn, develop an evidence base that can inform future intervention design. Given that a goal of the experimental medicine approach is the accumulation of an evidence base regarding the links between intervention strategies and putative mechanisms of action, it is critical that this evidence base is readily accessible to investigators and practitioners.