"We do it all": A qualitative exploration of the caregiver role for young adults with cerebral palsy.

Aim: To describe the complex roles of and crucial support provided by caregivers to young adults with cerebral palsy (CP) during the transition to adulthood.

Method: This was a qualitative study. We conducted 20 semi-structured interviews (13 caregiver; 7 patient/caregiver dyad) and analyzed data using a qualitative descriptive approach informed by phenomenological principles.

The effect of temporal resolution and contact duration on Real-Time location system-based contact networks for confined feedlot cattle.

Empirical data on livestock contact networks are scarce but digital technologies are increasingly used to characterize animal behavior and describe the dynamics of contact networks. The objective of this study was to use contact network analysis to quantify contacts within three pens of feedlot cattle across three consecutive years at varying temporal resolutions to better inform the construction of network-based disease transmission models for cattle within confined-housing systems. We also aimed to describe the influence of the variation in Real-Time Location System (RTLS) average tag read rates and the effect of increasing minimum contact duration (MCD) on the contact networks of feedlot cattle.

Association of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Ratio with the Incidence of Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

Study Objectives: Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is potentially linked to life-threatening conditions. Decline in kidney function is involved in the development of various diseases; however, it remains unclear whether it is implicated in the onset of SAS. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between kidney function and the incidence of SAS.

Food assistance use barriers, facilitators, and recommendations: insights from a qualitative study of racially and ethnically diverse parents.

The objective of this study was to explore barriers and facilitators to utilising a range of food assistance resources as reported by parents living with or at risk for food insecurity (FI), as well as parents' recommendations for improving utilisation of these resources. Qualitative data from semi-structured interviews about parents' perspectives on interventions to address FI were analysed using a hybrid deductive/inductive thematic approach. Parents were drawn from the larger longitudinal cohort study ( = 1,307), which was recruited from primary care clinics in Minnesota.

Meta-Analysis: Global Prevalence and Mortality of Cirrhosis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Background And Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is responsible for a significant global health burden. Despite this burden, the prevalence and mortality of MASLD-related cirrhosis remain inadequately defined, hindering effective public health strategies. This study aimed to estimate the global prevalence and mortality associated with MASLD-related cirrhosis.

The IMproving treatment decisions for Patients with AortiC stenosis Through Shared Decision Making (IMPACT SDM) Study: study protocol for a cluster randomized stepped wedge trial.

Background: The American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services recommend shared decision-making (SDM) for patients with severe aortic stenosis choosing between transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Although tools such as patient decision aids (DAs) and training in SDM have been shown to improve SDM, implementation of SDM and DAs is limited. The IMproving treatment decisions for Patients with AortiC stenosis Through Shared Decision Making (IMPACT SDM) study aims to (1) determine the effectiveness of the interventions (a DA and clinician SDM training) in achieving SDM (primary outcome) and improving the quality of decisions about aortic valve replacement, (2) determine the reach of the DAs and adoption of training, and (3) explore potential mechanisms of effectiveness and implementation at the patient-, clinician-, and clinic-level.

How Women and Men with Parkinson's Disease Approach Decision-Making for Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery.

Background: Women make up only 23% to 30% of recipients for deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery for Parkinson's disease (PD), a discrepancy that is not accounted for by differences in disease incidence. One of the many factors that may contribute to this gap includes gender differences in decision-making.

Objective: The aim was to explore how women and men approach the decision for DBS in terms of informational needs, weighing risks and benefits, and decision-making.

Trends in Sudden Cardiac Death Among Adults Aged 25 to 44 Years in the United States: An Analysis of 2 Large US Databases.

Background: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in early adults aged 25 to 44 years represents an important and unexpected cause of death. We assessed trends in SCD-related mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2020 among early adults to determine differences by sex, ethnoracial groups, urbanization, and census region.

Methods And Results: Mortality data were retrieved from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) data set from 1999 to 2020.

Staff and caregivers' perceptions of digital storytelling to increase influenza vaccine confidence in an urban safety-net healthcare system.

Background: Myriad risk factors contribute to pediatric influenza vaccination disparities. Digital stories are compelling accounts of lived experience that have been useful in health promotion, especially in minoritized communities. Little is known about how they are perceived as a behavioral intervention to improve influenza vaccination confidence in safety-net healthcare systems.

Atrial Fibrillation: A Review.

Importance: In the US, approximately 10.55 million adults have atrial fibrillation (AF). AF is associated with significantly increased risk of stroke, heart failure, myocardial infarction, dementia, chronic kidney disease, and mortality.

Nonsurgical Knee Osteoarthritis Treatments for Reducing Inflammation as Measured on MRI Scans: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating condition, and synovitis is a structural marker of disease progression that can be identified on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Nonsurgical therapies have been developed with the goal of targeting this inflammation to reduce pain and slow disease progression.

Purpose: To review current randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that measured changes in pain outcomes and synovitis on MRI scans after nonsurgical treatment for persons with knee OA.

Standardizing social determinants of health data: a proposal for a comprehensive screening tool to address health equity a systematic review.

Social determinants of health (SDoH) significantly impacts health outcomes and disparities. While the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has mandated hospitals to collect standardized SDoH data, existing tools lack key elements. This systematic review identified 78 studies and 20 screening tools addressing various SDoH domains.

Generalizability of kidney and cardiovascular protection by finerenone to the real world in Italy: insights from Fidelio and Figaro studies.

Background: We evaluated the proportion of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) participating in the AMD (Association of Medical Diabetologists) Annals initiative who met the eligibility criteria for phase III-studies on finerenone, showing its renal and cardiovascular benefits.

Methods: This analysis involved all T2D patients seen in 2019 in 282 diabetes centers in Italy, for whom data on kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria) were available. Data are presented separately for different scenarios, covering the population with main eligibility criteria for inclusion in the FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD trials.

Type 2 diabetes and the minor allele of PNPLA3 consistently identify high-risk metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease.

Background: Association of genetic factors with non-invasive tests (NITs) for MASLD has not been well established.

Methods: Clinical and laboratory data, liver biopsy and/or liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by transient elastography were collected from MASLD patients seen in tertiary care hepatology practices. Minor allele frequency for genomic loci rs641738 (MBOAT7), rs58542926 (TM6SF2), rs738409 (PNPLA3), rs62305723 (HSD1713B) were evaluated for association with high ELF (≥11.

Patient preferences for life expectancy cutoffs for aggressive treatment in clinically localized prostate cancer.

Background: Guidelines for prostate cancer treatment in men with limited life expectancy are based on expert opinion. Patient preferences for when to defer treatment based on longevity are unknown. We sought to define life expectancy thresholds at which men are more likely to choose conservative management in the context of varying risks of cancer death and treatment-related side effects.

Adapting Public Health and Health Services Interventions in Diverse, Real-World Settings: Documentation and Iterative Guidance of Adaptations.

When complex public health and health services interventions are implemented in real-world settings, adaptations should be expected, embraced, and studied rather than suppressed and ignored. A substantial amount of recent research has been conducted on the assessment of some types of adaptations, and interest in guiding adaptations to both interventions and implementation strategies is growing. However, there is still a need to investigate the optimal ways to systematically and pragmatically document, analyze, and iteratively guide adaptations as well as to measure the impact of those adaptations on implementation and effectiveness outcomes.

Relationship Between Hospital Mortality and Readmission Rates After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Background: There is substantial hospital-level variation in 30-day risk-standardized mortality rate (RSMR) and risk-standardized readmission rate (RSRR) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). However, the relationship between hospital RSMRs and RSRRs has not been well characterized.

Methods: We analyzed data on 141,905 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries who underwent TAVR across 512 hospitals between October 1, 2015 and December 31, 2020.

Comparing the efficacy of different proton pump inhibitor dosing regimens for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Several proton pump inhibitor (PPI) dosing regimens that vary by strength and frequency (once [Qday] or twice [BID] daily) are available to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the impact of various PPI regimens on esophageal healing and GERD and heartburn symptoms. To identify relevant studies, we searched EMBASE and PubMed in January 2023, which yielded 1381 records.

Preventing, identifying and managing myocardial injury after non cardiac surgery - a narrative review.

Purpose Of Review: There is mounting and convincing evidence that patients with postoperative troponin elevation, with or without any clinical symptoms, are at higher risk for both, short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) is a relatively newly described syndrome, and the pathogenesis is not fully understood yet. MINS is now an established syndrome and multiple guidelines address potential etiologies, triggers, as well as preventive and management strategies.

Relationship Between 1,5 Anhydroglucitol, Glycemia, and Breastfeeding During Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Pilot Study.

Background: Assessments for hyperglycemia are vital to pregnancy and postpartum (PP) care, but gold-standard oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) are burdensome. We examined changes in 1,5 anhydroglucitol (1,5AG) levels during gestation and PP and assessed for associations with other measures of glycemia.

Study Design: Pregnant participants (n = 50) in the Study of Pregnancy Regulation of Insulin and Glucose cohort underwent OGTTs at a mean of 13 weeks ([visit 1 (V1)] and 26 weeks [visit 2 (V2)] of gestation and PP.

The cost-effectiveness of treatment for high-risk, early-stage, triple-negative breast cancer in Egypt: an analysis of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy followed by adjuvant single-agent pembrolizumab.

Objective: The cost-effectiveness of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab + chemotherapy followed by adjuvant pembrolizumab compared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus placebo followed by adjuvant placebo was assessed in high-risk, early-stage, triple-negative breast cancer patients from an Egyptian societal perspective over a lifetime horizon.

Methods: A 4-state Markov cohort model was developed to compare the cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab + chemotherapy/pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy alone for the treatment of high-risk, early-stage, triple-negative breast cancer. The model simulated the clinical course of high-risk, early-stage, triple-negative breast cancer across 4 health states: event-free survival, locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis, and death.