Exploiting Gangliosides for the Therapy of Ewing's Sarcoma and H3K27M-Mutant Diffuse Midline Glioma.

The ganglioside GD2 is an important target in childhood cancer. Nevertheless, the only therapy targeting GD2 that is approved to date is the monoclonal antibody dinutuximab, which is used in the therapy of neuroblastoma. The relevance of GD2 as a target in other tumor entities remains to be elucidated.

Anatomic relations of the median nerve to the ulnar insertion of the brachialis muscle: safety issues and implications for medial approaches to the elbow joint.

Introduction: Preventing nerve injury is critical in elbow surgery. Distal extension of medial approaches, required for coronoid fracture fixation and graft-replacement, may endanger the median nerve. This study aims to describe an easily identifiable and reproducible anatomical landmark to localize the median nerve distal to the joint line and to delineate how its relative position changes with elbow flexion and forearm rotation.

Fractures around the hip: inducing life-like fractures as a basis for enhanced surgical training.

Introduction: In this study we investigated if realistic fracture patterns around the hip can be produced on human cadaveric specimens with intact soft tissue envelope. Possible applications of such fractured specimens would be in surgical training.

Materials And Methods: 7 cadaveric specimens (2 male, 5 female, 2 formalin-fixed, 5 fresh-frozen) were fractured.

Injuries to the Coronoid Process of the Ulna with Involvement of the Lesser Sigmoid Notch.

Introduction: This study aimed to describe the involvement of the lesser sigmoid notch in fractures to the coronoid process. We hypothesized that injuries to the lateral aspect of the coronoid process regularly involve the annular ligament insertion at the anterior lesser sigmoid notch.

Material And Methods: Patients treated for a coronoid process fracture at our institution between 06/2011 and 07/2018 were included.

Overlengthening of the radial column in radial head replacement: a review of the literature and presentation of a classification system.

Background: Radial head arthroplasty is a common procedure in elbow surgery. It has been shown to be of benefit for the patients, but there also are relevant complications that should be prevented if possible. One significant complication is overlengthening of the radial head prosthesis.

Retained Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Foams as a Cause of Infection Persistence.

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has become a valuable adjunct in the treatment of acute and chronic wounds in several surgical disciplines. Retained foams are among its side effects, and they pose a rare but devastating complication at the site of this therapy, which might be associated with wound-healing complications, infection persistence, repeated surgical revisions, and prolonged antibiotic courses. In the past 15 years, an increasing number of studies have identified this potential problem.

Fracture Pattern Influences Radial Head Replacement Size Determination Among Experienced Elbow Surgeons.

Background: Correct sizing is challenging in radial head replacement and no consensus exists on the implant's optimal height and width to avoid elbow stiffness and instability. Studies exists, suggesting how to appropriately choose the implant size, but the manner by which the fracture pattern influences the surgeons' operative choices was not investigated.

Methods: The radial heads of four fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens were excised, measured, and fractured to simulate four patterns: three fragments (A); four fragments (B); comminuted (C); comminuted with bone loss (D).

Osteosynthesis of Phalangeal Fractures: Biomechanical Comparison of Kirschner Wires, Plates, and Compression Screws.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare several osteosynthesis techniques (intramedullary headless compression screws, T-plates, and Kirschner wires) for distal epiphyseal fractures of proximal phalanges in a human cadaveric model.

Methods: A total of 90 proximal phalanges from 30 specimens (index, ring, and middle fingers) were used for this study. After stripping off all soft tissue, a transverse distal epiphyseal fracture was simulated at the proximal phalanx.

Pressure Distribution to the Distal Biceps Tendon at the Radial Tuberosity: A Biomechanical Study.

Purpose: Mechanical impingement at the narrow radioulnar space of the tuberosity is believed to be an etiological factor in the injury of the distal biceps tendon. The aim of the study was to compare the pressure distribution at the proximal radioulnar space between 2 fixation techniques and the intact state.

Methods: Six right arms and 6 left arms from 5 female and 6 male frozen specimens were used for this study.

Revision shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review and comparison of North American vs. European outcomes and complications.

Background: Joint registries provide invaluable data on primary arthroplasties with revision as the endpoint; however, the revision outcomes are often excluded. Therefore, a PROSPERO registered review (CRD42015032531) of all revision studies in North America and Europe was conducted to evaluate demographics, etiologies and indications, implant manufacturer, and complications by geographic region.

Methods: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases were searched for revision arthroplasty clinical studies with a minimum mean 24-month follow-up.

Inducing life-like distal radius fractures in human cadaveric specimens: a tool for enhanced surgical training.

Introduction: Surgical education consists often times of a discrepancy between necessary amount of provided operative teaching and amount of organizational and ward duties. Operative education is often cut to a minimum. As public awareness toward surgical competence raises, so must the educational system.

The Radioulnar Distance at the Level of the Radial Tuberosity.

Ruptures of the distal biceps brachii tendon are generally treated operatively due to their loss of supination and flexion force. A mechanical impingement at the insertion of the tendon at the radial tuberosity is discussed to play a role in the etiology of this injury. The aim of this study was to present a detailed, three-dimensional anatomical analysis of the radioulnar space at the radial tuberosity.

Advanced Surgical Trauma Care Course - Evaluation of a Fracture Simulation Course Concept with Intact Soft Tissue.

Purpose: Currently, surgical training in the clinical scenario is limited by duty-hour restrictions as well as an increasing specialization within the numerous surgical fields. In such an environment, surgical training in subspecialties becomes both, more important and challenging. Against this background, purpose of the present study was to evaluate a new course format for advanced training in fracture treatment.

Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: A Biomechanical Comparison of Superior Capsuloligamentous Complex Reconstruction Techniques and an Interpositional Graft Technique.

Background: Irreparable rotator cuff tears lead to superior translation of the humeral head. Numerous surgical management options are available to treat the condition.

Purpose: To compare superior capsule stability among different types of patch grafting in irreparable rotator cuff tears.

Comparison of pancreatic respiratory motion management with three abdominal corsets for particle radiation therapy: Case study.

Background And Purpose: Abdominal organ motion seriously compromises the targeting accuracy for particle therapy in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This study compares three different abdominal corsets regarding their ability to reduce pancreatic motion and their potential usability in particle therapy.

Materials And Methods: A patient-individualized polyurethane (PU), a semi-individualized polyethylene (PE), and a patient-individualized three-dimensional-scan based polyethylene (3D-PE) corset were manufactured for one healthy volunteer.

Laparoscopic pectopexy: a follow-up cyclic biomechanical analysis determining time to functional stability.

Introduction: Pectopexy, a laparoscopic method for prolapse surgery, showed promising results in previous transient testing by this group. It was shown that a single suture, yielding an ultimate load of 35 N, was equivalent to continuous suturing. This was demonstrated in an in vitro cadaver study.

Modified anteromedial and anterolateral elbow arthroscopy portals show superiority to standard portals in guiding arthroscopic radial head screw fixation.

Purpose: Arthroscopic fixation of radial head radial head fractures is an appealing alternative to open reduction and internal fixation, which presents the advantage of minimal surgical trauma. The aim of this study was to evaluate if modifications to the standard anteromedial (AM) and anterolateral (AL) portals could allow screw placement for radial head fracture osteosynthesis closer to the plane of the radial head articular surface.

Methods: Eight fresh-frozen specimens were prepared to mimic arthroscopic setting.

A musculoskeletal shoulder simulation of moment arms and joint reaction forces after medialization of the supraspinatus footprint in rotator cuff repair.

A non-anatomical reinsertion of the supraspinatus medially to the original footprint to avoid over-tensioning of the tendon in large and retracted tears is one surgical option in rotator cuff (RC) repair. The purpose of the study was to determine the biomechanical effects on the glenohumeral joint with regard to this surgical technique. A modified musculoskeletal computational shoulder model was used to evaluate the change in moment arms and muscle forces of the RC and the co-contracting muscles and the alteration of the joint reaction forces (compressive and shear forces) after reinsertion of the supraspinatus 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm medially to the original footprint.

Peroneal nerve location at the fibular head: an anatomic study using 3D imaging.

Introduction: Injuries to the peroneal nerve are a common complication in operative treatment of proximal tibial or fibular fractures. To minimize the risk of iatrogenic injury to the nerve, detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the peroneal nerve is essential. Aim of this study was to present a detailed description of the position and branching of the peroneal nerve based on 3D-images to assist preparation for surgical approaches to the fibular head and the tibial plateau.

Surgical revision of radial head fractures: a multicenter retrospective analysis of 466 cases.

Background: Radial head fractures lead to persisting disability in a considerable number of cases. This study aimed to investigate their most common revision causes and procedures.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective study reviewed the cases of 466 adult patients who had undergone surgical revision after operative or nonoperative treatment of a radial head fracture.

The shape match of the olecranon tip for reconstruction of the coronoid process: influence of side and osteotomy angle.

Background: The integrity of the coronoid process is critical to maintaining elbow stability. Unreconstructible fractures and chronic coronoid deficiency are challenging clinical problems with no clear solution. The purposes of this study were to investigate the shape match of the ipsilateral and contralateral olecranon tips as graft options and to determine the influence of the osteotomy angle on fitment.

The dominant nutrient foramen at the clavicular midshaft: an anatomical study.

Background: The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence and topography of the dominant nutrient foramen at the clavicle.

Methods: 317 macerated human clavicles (167 right and 150 left) were available for the study. After detecting the dominant nutrient foramen, the total distance from the sternal surface to the examined nutrient foramen was measured.

The radial head size in relation to osseous landmarks of the forearm.

Purpose: Radial head fractures are regularly treated with radial head arthroplasty. To prevent limited motion or pain, the implant's size should match its normal anatomy. Preoperative estimation of the radial head size helps in finding the correct head component.