Individual and group-level job resources and their relationships with individual work engagement.

Objectives: This study adds a multilevel perspective to the well-researched individual-level relationship between job resources and work engagement. In addition, we explored whether individual job resources cluster within work groups because of a shared psychosocial environment and investigated whether a resource-rich psychosocial work group environment is beneficial for employee engagement over and above the beneficial effect of individual job resources and independent of their variability within groups.

Methods: Data of 1,219 employees nested in 103 work groups were obtained from a baseline employee survey of a large stress management intervention project implemented in six medium and large-sized organizations in diverse sectors.

Effect of a smoking ban on respiratory health in nonsmoking hospitality workers: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a smoking ban on lung function, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, and respiratory symptoms in nonsmoking hospitality workers.

Methods: Secondhand smoke exposure at the workplace, spirometry, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide were measured in 92 nonsmoking hospitality workers before as well as twice after a smoking ban.

Results: At baseline, secondhand smoke-exposed hospitality workers had lung function values significantly below the population average.

Monitoring and talking to the room: autochthonous coordination patterns in team interaction and performance.

This paper builds on and extends theory on team functioning in high-risk environments. We examined 2 implicit coordination behaviors that tend to emerge autochthonously within high-risk teams: team member monitoring and talking to the room. Focusing on nonrandom patterns of behavior, we examined sequential patterns of team member monitoring and talking to the room in higher- and lower-performing action teams working in a high-risk health care environment.

Evaluation of implementation, compliance and acceptance of partial smoking bans among hospitality workers before and after the Swiss Tobacco Control Act.

Background: The World Health Organization recommends uniform comprehensive smoking bans in public places. In Switzerland, regulations differ between various areas and are mostly incomplete for hospitality venues. As ambiguous regulations offer more leeway for implementation, we evaluated the Swiss regulations with respect to their effects on implementation, acceptance and compliance among hospitality workers.

Process and outcome evaluation of an organizational-level stress management intervention in Switzerland.

This field study evaluates the process and outcome of an organizational-level stress management intervention (SMI) in eight companies, taking into account the lessons learned from previous evaluation research. It utilizes the RE-AIM evaluation framework to capture the Reach and Adoption of the intervention in the companies, the appraisal of the Implementation process and the project's Effectiveness and Maintenance with a range of qualitative and quantitative methods. It applies an adapted research design in the context of a field study involving entire organizations, retrospectively assigning study participants to comparison groups.

The effects of patient handoff characteristics on subsequent care: a systematic review and areas for future research.

Purpose: To summarize the available evidence about patient handoff characteristics and their impact on subsequent patient care in hospitals.

Method: In January and February 2011, the authors searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, ISI Web of Science, and the reference lists of relevant articles to carry out their systematic review. They selected articles that (1) had patient handoffs in hospitals as their explicit research focus and (2) reported at least one statistical test of an association between a handoff characteristic and outcome.

Clinical risk management in hospitals: strategy, central coordination and dialogue as key enablers.

Objective: The study aims to identify key enablers fostering clinical risk management (CRM) in hospitals to guide health care in this vital area of patient safety.

Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the national level in 324 Swiss hospitals in 2007-2008 to assess the relationship between key elements and systematic CRM. Therefore, a comprehensive monitoring instrument for CRM was used for the first time.

Interactions of team mental models and monitoring behaviors predict team performance in simulated anesthesia inductions.

In the present study, we investigated how two team mental model properties (similarity vs. accuracy) and two forms of monitoring behavior (team vs. systems) interacted to predict team performance in anesthesia.

Design principles for data- and change-oriented organisational analysis in workplace health promotion.

This article focuses on organizational analysis in workplace health promotion (WHP) projects. It shows how this analysis can be designed such that it provides rational data relevant to the further context-specific and goal-oriented planning of WHP and equally supports individual and organizational change processes implied by WHP. Design principles for organizational analysis were developed on the basis of a narrative review of the guiding principles of WHP interventions and organizational change as well as the scientific principles of data collection.

Adaptation in anaesthesia team coordination in response to a simulated critical event and its relationship to clinical performance.

Background: Recent studies in anaesthesia and intensive care indicate that a team's ability to adapt its coordination activities to changing situational demands is crucial for effective teamwork and thus, safe patient care. This study addresses the relationship between adaptation of team coordination and markers of clinical performance in response to a critical event, particularly regarding which types of coordination activities are used and which team member engages in those coordination activities.

Methods: Video recordings of 15 two-person anaesthesia teams (anaesthesia trainee plus anaesthesia nurse) performing a simulated induction of general anaesthesia were coded, using a structured observation system for coordination activities.

Assessing hospitals' clinical risk management: Development of a monitoring instrument.

Background: Clinical risk management (CRM) plays a crucial role in enabling hospitals to identify, contain, and manage risks related to patient safety. So far, no instruments are available to measure and monitor the level of implementation of CRM. Therefore, our objective was to develop an instrument for assessing CRM in hospitals.

Managing nonroutine events in anesthesia: the role of adaptive coordination.

Objective: This field study aimed at examining the role of anesthesia teams' adaptive coordination in managing changing situational demands, such as in nonroutine events (NREs).

Background: Medical teams' ability to adapt their teamwork (e.g.

Conceptualising barriers to incident reporting: a psychological framework.

Background: Incident reporting systems are widely considered effective instruments for learning from incidents. However, research shows that many incidents are not reported by healthcare providers.

Objective: The lack of theoretical foundation in research on barriers to and motivators for incident reporting is addressed in this article, and a psychological framework of antecedents to staff's motivation (not) to report incidents is proposed.

Coordination patterns related to high clinical performance in a simulated anesthetic crisis.

Background: Teamwork is an integral component in the delivery of safe patient care. Several studies highlight the importance of effective teamwork and the need for teams to respond dynamically to changing task requirements, for example, during crisis situations. In this study, we address one of the many facets of "effective teamwork" in medical teams by investigating coordination patterns related to high performance in the management of a simulated malignant hyperthermia (MH) scenario.

Work-life imbalance and mental health among male and female employees in Switzerland.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and mental health effects of an unequal work-life balance (WLB) including potential gender differences.

Methods: A cross-sectional study based on a representative sample of the Swiss employed population aged 20 to 64 (women: n = 1661; men: n = 1591).

Results: Based on a single-item measure, more than every seventh employee in Switzerland indicated major difficulties combining work and private life.

Socioeconomic status, working conditions and self-rated health in Switzerland: explaining the gradient in men and women.

Objectives: Epidemiological research has confirmed the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and health, but only a few studies considered working conditions in this relationship. This study examined the contribution of physical and psychosocial working conditions in explaining the social gradient in self-rated health.

Methods: A representative sample of 10 101 employees, 5003 women and 5098 men, from the Swiss national health survey 2002 was used.

Teamwork and patient safety in dynamic domains of healthcare: a review of the literature.

Aims/background: This review examines current research on teamwork in highly dynamic domains of healthcare such as operating rooms, intensive care, emergency medicine, or trauma and resuscitation teams with a focus on aspects relevant to the quality and safety of patient care.

Results: Evidence from three main areas of research supports the relationship between teamwork and patient safety: (1) Studies investigating the factors contributing to critical incidents and adverse events have shown that teamwork plays an important role in the causation and prevention of adverse events. (2) Research focusing on healthcare providers' perceptions of teamwork demonstrated that (a) staff's perceptions of teamwork and attitudes toward safety-relevant team behavior were related to the quality and safety of patient care and (b) perceptions of teamwork and leadership style are associated with staff well-being, which may impact clinician' ability to provide safe patient care.

Adaptive coordination in cardiac anaesthesia: a study of situational changes in coordination patterns using a new observation system.

Patient care in hospital settings requires coordinated team performance. Studies in other industries show that successful teams adapt their coordination processes to the situational task requirements. This prospective field study aimed to test a new observation system and investigate patterns of adaptive coordination within operating room teams.

Comparison of anaesthetists' activity patterns in the operating room and during simulation.

This study investigated the behavioural aspects of ecological validity of anaesthesia simulation environments using a task analysis approach. Six anaesthesists were observed during two cases performed in the operating room (OR), one routine and two critical incident simulation scenarios. A two-way MANOVA for repeated measures was performed with the independent variables Case (OR/SIM-R/SIM-CI) and Phase Induction/ Maintenance (Emergence), the latter being a repeated measure.