Salivary features of periodontitis and gingivitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with cellular abnormalities, tissue and organ dysfunctions, and periodontitis. This investigation examined the relationship between the oral microbiome and salivary biomarkers in T2DM patients with or without periodontitis. This cohort (35-80 years) included systemically healthy non-periodontitis (NP; n = 31), T2DM without periodontitis (DWoP; n = 32) and T2DM with periodontitis (DWP; n = 29).

Grade C Periodontitis in a Young Patient.

The purpose of this report is to discuss the case of a four-year-old African-American girl who presented with clinical and radiographic evidence of localized stage III grade C periodontitis. She had no history of systemic disease or caries. Treatment consisted of oral hygiene instructions, extraction of unsalvageable teeth, full-mouth debridement with the use of systemic antibiotics and subsequent periodontal maintenance care.

Prevalence of Decay and Tooth Condition Changes Adjacent to Restored Dental Implants: A Retrospective Radiographic Study.

This study examined the association between a dental implant and changes in adjacent teeth over time. Electronic health records of 1818 patients who received a dental implant were retrospectively evaluated over 14 years (2005-2019) in a university setting. The status of the adjacent tooth and vertical and horizontal distance from the implant platform to adjacent teeth were determined using digital intraoral radiographs taken at baseline and the last follow-up visit (1-14 years, median 4 years).

Grade C Molar-Incisor Pattern Periodontitis in Young Adults: What Have We Learned So Far?

Grade C molar-incisor pattern periodontitis (C-MIP) is a disease that affects specific teeth with an early onset and aggressive progression. It occurs in systemically healthy patients, mostly African descendants, at an early age, with familial involvement, minimal biofilm accumulation, and minor inflammation. Severe and rapidly progressive bone loss is observed around the first molars and incisors.

Effects of depression and stress on oral self-care among perinatal women in Appalachia: A longitudinal study.

Objectives: Oral health during the perinatal period and beyond affects the health and well-being of women and their offspring. Oral self-care behaviours can maintain or improve oral health; depression or stress during the perinatal period may compromise these behaviours. The aim of the study was to investigate the independent and combined effects of depression and stress on oral self-care behaviours of perinatal women in Appalachia, given the high burden of oral disease in this region.

Arginine-specific gingipains (RgpA/RgpB) knockdown modulates neutrophil machinery.

Background: Gingipains are important virulence factors present in Porphyromonas gingivalis. Arginine-specific gingipains (RgpA and RgpB) are critically associated with increased proteolytic activity and immune system dysfunction, including neutrophilic activity. In this study, we assessed the impact of gingipains (RgpA and RgpB) on neutrophil function.

Transcriptomic features of programmed and inflammatory cell death in gingival tissues.

Unlabelled: The local gingival tissue environment with homeostasis and tissue-destructive events of periodontitis demonstrates major changes in histological features and biology of the oral/sulcular epithelium, fibroblasts, vascular cells, inflammatory cell infiltration, and alveolar bone.

Objective: This study used an experimental periodontitis model to detail the gingival transcriptome related to cell death processes of pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis.

Materials And Methods: Healthy Macaca mulatta primates stratified by age, ≤3 years (young), 7-12 years (adolescent), 12-15 years (adult), and 17-23 years (aged), provided gingival tissue biopsies for microarray analysis focused on 257 genes representative of the four cell death processes and bacterial plaque samples for 16S rRNA gene analysis.

Whole unstimulated salivary flow rate decreases during acute stressful condition.

Objective: To examine the influence of acute stress on salivary flow using a validated stressor paradigm.

Study Design: This uniform crossover study consisted of 40 healthy adults who underwent the Trier Social Stress Test, consisting of a 5-minute mental arithmetic task (MAT), and a nonstressful task (NST), consisting of a 5-minute free speech task. The order of the tasks was counterbalanced and unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) was measured in 2 groups of 20 participants during each 5-minute task condition, with a 10-minute washout period between tasks.

Evaluation of microbiome in primary and permanent dentition in grade C periodontitis in young individuals.

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the subgingival microbiome in patients with grade C molar-incisor pattern periodontitis (C-MIP) affecting the primary or permanent dentitions.

Methods: DNA was isolated from subgingival biofilm samples from diseased and healthy sites from 45 C-MIP patients and subjected to phylogenetic microarray analysis. C-MIP sites were compared between children affected in the primary to those affected in the permanent dentitions.

The protective role of CD73 in periodontitis: preventing hyper-inflammatory fibroblasts and driving osteoclast energy metabolism.

Introduction: Periodontitis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease affecting almost half of the adult population and is the leading cause of tooth loss in the United States. The role of extracellular nucleotide signaling including nucleotide metabolizing enzyme CD73 adds an important layer of interaction of purine mediators capable of orchestrating inflammatory outcomes. CD73 is able to catabolize 5'-adenosine monophosphate into adenosine at the extracellular level, playing a critical role in regulating many processes under physiological and pathological conditions.

DAMPs and alarmin gene expression patterns in aging healthy and diseased mucosal tissues.

Introduction: Periodontitis is delineated by a dysbiotic microbiome at sites of lesions accompanied by a dysregulated persistent inflammatory response that undermines the integrity of the periodontium. The interplay of the altered microbial ecology and warning signals from host cells would be a critical feature for maintaining or re-establishing homeostasis in these tissues.

Methods: This study used a nonhuman primate model () with naturally-occurring periodontitis ( = 34) and experimental ligature-induced periodontitis ( = 36) to describe the features of gene expression for an array of damage-associate molecular patterns (DAMPs) or alarmins within the gingival tissues.

Sex-Related Effect of Aging in Gingival Gamma-Delta T Cells.

Aging affects the number and function of gamma-delta (γδ) T cells in a tissue-specific manner, modifying the risk for inflammatory disease. These aging-related γδT-cell variations in gingival tissues that could increase the risk for inflammation and periodontal disease remain unknown. Here we sought to identify quantitative and qualitative variations in gingival γδT cells associated with aging that could have an impact in oral immunoinflammatory responses.

Sex as a Biological Variable in Oral Diseases: Evidence and Future Prospects.

The interest of the scientific community on sex and gender differences in health and disease has increased substantially over the past 25 to 30 y as a result of a long process of events and policies in the biomedical field. This is crucial as compelling evidence from human and animal model studies has demonstrated that sex and gender influence health, molecular and cellular processes, and response and predisposition to disease. The present scoping review aims to provide a synthesis of sex differences in oral diseases, ranging from periodontal disease to orofacial pain conditions, from risk of caries development to apical periodontitis.

Periodontal Disease, Local and Systemic Inflammation in Puerto Ricans with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Unlabelled: Periodontal disease (PD) is prevalent in type 2 diabetic condition (T2DM).

Objectives: We assessed the associations between serum or gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) endothelial and inflammatory mediators and chronic PD among T2DM Hispanic adults.

Methods: We enrolled 248 Puerto Rican residents with T2DM aged 40-65 years.

Developing and Validating a Multivariable Prognostic-Predictive Classifier for Treatment Escalation of Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The PREDICTR-OPC Study.

Purpose: While there are several prognostic classifiers, to date, there are no validated predictive models that inform treatment selection for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).Our aim was to develop clinical and/or biomarker predictive models for patient outcome and treatment escalation for OPSCC.

Experimental Design: We retrospectively collated clinical data and samples from a consecutive cohort of OPSCC cases treated with curative intent at ten secondary care centers in United Kingdom and Poland between 1999 and 2012.

Periodontitis-resistant and -susceptible matriline regulation of gingival transcriptome in nonhuman primates.

Objective: This report identified if gingival gene expression transcriptomes demonstrated unique profiles that discriminated periodontitis-susceptible (PDS) and periodontitis-resistant (PDR) animals in health and disease.

Background: Nonhuman primates generally organize their social groups based upon matriline origin. We have used a multi-generational colony of rhesus macaques to identify matrilines presenting with significant differences in periodontitis (e.

Macrophage-related gingival transcriptomic patterns and microbiome alterations in experimental periodontitis in nonhuman primates.

Objective: This study examined the microbiome features specifically related to host macrophage polarization in health, initiation and progression of periodontitis, and in resolution samples using a nonhuman primate model of ligature-induced periodontitis.

Background: The oral microbiome is a complex of bacterial phyla, genera, and species acquired early in life into the individual autochthonous oral ecology. The microbiome changes overtime in response to both intrinsic and extrinsic stressors, and transitions to a dysbiotic ecology at sites of periodontal lesions.

Sex and Age Effects on Healthy Gingival Transcriptomic Patterns.

Many chronic inflammatory diseases demonstrate demographic associations such as sex, age, and race-ethnicity. Periodontitis has been found to be increased with age and in males. This study used nonhuman primates representing a human-like model for periodontitis and examined the gingival transcriptome stratified on sex and age.

Porphyrin-associated fluorescence spectroscopy (Photogen®) for the optical diagnosis of dental biofilm in orthodontic treatment: An observational clinical trial.

Objective: This study assessed the presence of dental biofilm with fluorescence spectroscopy associated with porphyrin (Photogen®) in users of orthodontic appliances.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational clinical trial included 21 patients with metallic orthodontic fixed appliances. The presence of biofilm was evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy (Evince-MMÓptics.

Biomarker panel discriminates diabetics with and without periodontitis pre- and post-therapy.

Background And Objective: Biological regulators of periodontal inflammation, collagen degradation, and insulin resistance have not been determined in association with severity of periodontitis and response to periodontal treatment in diabetics. Our objective was to determine whether type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients with periodontal disease present a distinct salivary biomarker profile compared with T2DM patients without periodontal disease and healthy subjects (without diabetes and periodontitis) pre- and post-nonsurgical therapy.

Methods: Clinical parameters of periodontal health and whole unstimulated saliva were collected from 92 participants (31 Not Periodontitis, NP; 32 T2DM without periodontitis, DWoP; and 29 with T2DM with periodontitis, DWP) at baseline.

Sex effects on gingival transcriptomic patterns during initiation, progression, and resolution of periodontitis.

Background: The prevalence and severity of periodontitis demonstrates altered population distribution with age, sex, and race and ethnicity. While males exhibit greater frequency of disease, particularly with aging, the underlying basis for this observation remains obscure.

Objective: This study used a nonhuman primate (Macaca mulatta) model of experimental ligature-induced periodontitis in adult animals to evaluate gingival transcriptomic differences stratified based upon sex of the animal.