LIN28B-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway activation promotes metastasis in colorectal cancer models.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer death due to metastatic spread. LIN28B is overexpressed in 30% of CRCs and promotes metastasis, yet its mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we genetically modified CRC cell lines to overexpress LIN28B, resulting in enhanced PI3K/AKT pathway activation and liver metastasis in mice.

Buparlisib and Paclitaxel in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Immunogenomic Biomarkers of Efficacy from the BERIL-1 Study.

Background: BERIL-1 was a randomized phase 2 study that studied paclitaxel with either buparlisib, a pan-class I PIK3 inhibitor, or placebo in patients with recurrent or metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). Considering the therapeutic paradigm shift with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) now approved in the first-line setting, we present an updated immunogenomic analysis of patients enrolled in BERIL-1, including patients with immune-infiltrated tumors.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify biomarkers predictive of treatment efficacy in the context of the post-ICI therapeutic landscape.

The effects of bone marrow humoral components of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients on natural killer cell suppression.

B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common form of cancer diagnosed in children. While the majority of patients survive with conventional treatment, chemotherapeutic agents have adverse effects and the potential for relapse persists even after full recovery. Given their pivotal function in anti-cancer immunity, there has been a surge in research exploring the potential of natural killer (NK) cells in immunotherapy, which has emerged as a promising avenue for treating leukemia.

Standard: Human gastric organoids.

Organoid technology provides a transformative approach to understand human physiology and pathology, offering valuable insights for scientific research and therapeutic development. Human gastric organoids, in particular, have gained significant interest for applications in disease modeling, drug discovery, and studies of tissue regeneration and homeostasis. However, the lack of standardized quality control has limited their extensive clinical applications.

The Current Role of Circulating Tumor DNA in the Management of Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is projected to be the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. Early identification is rare, with a 5-year overall survival (OS) of less than 10%. Advances in the understanding of PDAC tumor biology are needed to improve these outcomes.

Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy After Chemotherapy and the Optimal Interval from Radiotherapy to Surgery for Borderline Resectable and Resectable Pancreatic Cancer.

Background: Benefits of neoadjuvant treatment for pancreatic cancer with major vessel invasion has been demonstrated through randomized controlled trials; however, the optimal neoadjuvant treatment strategy remains controversial, especially for radiotherapy. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy and the optimal time interval to undergo surgery after radiotherapy in (borderline) resectable pancreatic cancer.

Methods: Between 2013 and 2022, patients with (borderline) resectable pancreatic cancer with vessel contact who received 5-fluorouracil with leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan or gemcitabine and nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel as initial treatment following surgery were included.

Multi-Cancer Early Detection Tests: State of the Art and Implications for Radiologists.

Multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests are already being marketed as noninvasive, convenient opportunities to test for multiple cancer types with a single blood sample. The technology varies-involving detection of circulating tumor DNA, fragments of DNA, RNA, or proteins unique to each targeted cancer. The priorities and tradeoffs of reaching diagnostic resolution in the setting of possible false positives and negatives remain under active study.

The importance of targeted next-generation sequencing based genomic profiling in the diagnosis of childhood acute myeloid leukemia: a single center experience.

Background: The management of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is based on the prognostic risk classification of initial leukemia. Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a reliable method used to identify recurrently mutated genes of pediatric AML and associated prognosis.

Methods: In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the prognostic, and therapeutic utility of a targeted NGS panel covering twenty-five genes, in 21 children with de novo and 8 with relapsed or secondary AML.

The Health-Related Quality of Life scores and joint health in children and young adults with hemophilia.

Background: Patients with hemophilia should be evaluated for joint health and overall health in their visits. The aims of this study were to evaluate joint health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with mild, moderate, and severe hemophilia; determine which patient groups to focus on and whether there are any neglected patient groups.

Methods: This was a single-center, cross-sectional study.

Exploring the Relationship Between Humoral and Cellular T Cell Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 in Exposed Individuals From Emilia Romagna Region and COVID-19 Severity.

COVID-19 remains a significant global health problem with uncertain long-term consequences for convalescents. We investigated the relationships between anti-N protein antibody levels, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2-associated TCR repertoire parameters, HLA type and epidemiological information from three cohorts of 524 SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects subgrouped in acute phase, seronegative and seropositive convalescents from the Emilia Romagna region. Epidemiological information and anti-N antibody index were associated with TCR repertoire data.

Peptide pool instability of precancerous lesions in rats with chronic pancreatitis model and/or without type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Background: The search for early and minimally invasive diagnostic approaches to pancreatic cancer (PC) remains an important issue. One of the most promising directions is to find a sensitive key in the metabolic changes during widespread causes of PC, i.e.

Pembrolizumab Leads to Complete Response in an HIV Patient With a Solid Tumor and a Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) Count Less Than 100.

A 58-year-old male, with a history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and stage 4 left frontotemporal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), presented with new-onset neck pain. He was diagnosed with HIV five years prior. The patient had a cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count of 53 cells/mm³ and a high viral load, later suppressed with bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide (Biktarvy).

Identify characteristics of Vietnamese oral squamous cell carcinoma patients by machine learning on transcriptome and clinical-histopathological analysis.

Background/purpose: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is notorious for its low survival rates, due to the advanced stage at which it is commonly diagnosed. To enhance early detection and improve prognostic assessments, our study harnesses the power of machine learning (ML) to dissect and interpret complex patterns within mRNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data and clinical-histopathological features.

Materials And Methods: 206 retrospective Vietnamese OSCC formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples, of which 101 were subjected to RNA-seq for classification based on gene expression.

RNA splicing variants of the novel long non-coding RNA, CyKILR, possess divergent biological functions in non-small cell lung cancer.

The CDKN2A gene, responsible for encoding the tumor suppressors p16(INK4A) and p14(ARF), is frequently inactivated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, an uncharacterized long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) (ENSG00000267053) on chromosome 19p13.12 was found to be overexpressed in NSCLC cells with an active, wild-type CDKN2A gene.

Nonneutralizing antibodies in Nordic persons with moderate hemophilia A and B (the MoHem study).

Background: The impact of nonneutralizing antibodies (NNAs) in moderate hemophilia is elusive.

Objectives: To explore the presence of NNAs in Nordic persons with moderate hemophilia A (MHA) and B (MHB) in relation to treatment modality, clinical outcome, history of inhibitor, and the corresponding factor VIII (FVIII)/factor IX (FIX) gene mutation.

Methods: A cross-sectional multicenter study covering persons with MHA and MHB in Sweden, Finland, and Norway.

Cervicitis decidualis mimicking cervical cancer in pregnancy.

Cervical decidual reaction in pregnancy is a common finding. In rare cases, these changes can mimic the appearance of invasive cervical cancers. We are presenting a case of a pregnant woman with a large cervical mass.

Survival and quality of life after first-time diagnosis of brain metastases: a multicenter, prospective, observational study.

Background: A major concern in anticancer treatment (ACT) of brain metastases (BM) is exposing patients with short expected survival to treatments that negatively impact on quality of life (QoL). Such futile ACT at the end of life is time-consuming and burdensome for patients and their families and entails unnecessary healthcare costs. Refraining from ACT is challenging for both physicians and patients.

Do national cancer control plans address care and research for children, adolescents, and young adults? A review of status, priorities, and recommendations across 41 European countries.

Paediatric cancers, although rare, are the leading cause of disease-related mortality in European children above one year. A key pillar of the European Health Union, Europe's Beating Cancer Plan (EBCP) puts a spotlight on childhood cancer. National Cancer Control Plans (NCCPs) have a key role but did not address childhood cancers sufficiently previously.

Deep learning radiomics analysis for prediction of survival in patients with unresectable gastric cancer receiving immunotherapy.

Objective: Immunotherapy has become an option for the first-line therapy of advanced gastric cancer (GC), with improved survival. Our study aimed to investigate unresectable GC from an imaging perspective combined with clinicopathological variables to identify patients who were most likely to benefit from immunotherapy.

Method: Patients with unresectable GC who were consecutively treated with immunotherapy at two different medical centers of Chinese PLA General Hospital were included and divided into the training and validation cohorts, respectively.

Wernicke encephalopathy with active hallucinations during lung cancer treatment and hemodialysis: A case report.

Objectives: Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is an acute neuropsychiatric disorder caused by thiamine deficiency. The classical triad of symptoms for WE include mental status changes, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. In contrast, more uncommon symptoms include hallucinations.

Minimally invasive versus open surgery for nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PNETs) have been diagnosed increasingly often but still represent rare pancreatic neoplasms. Surgery is a potentially curative approach for patients with NF-PNETs. In recent years, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been applied more frequently for surgical resection of NF-PNETs.

Pretreatment plasma vitamin D and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: evidence from pooled analysis of cohort studies.

Background: Biological evidence has revealed antitumor effect of vitamin D, but whether it could predict the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer (BC) patients remains inconclusive. The aim was to investigate the association between pretreatment vitamin D level and response to NAC and subsequent survival outcomes in BC patients.

Materials And Methods: The authors systematically searched the Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases and clinical trial registries to identify relevant articles from inception to 8 October 2024.

Study protocol for Adaptive ChemoTherapy for Ovarian cancer (ACTOv): a multicentre phase II randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of adaptive therapy (AT) with carboplatin, based on changes in CA125, in patients with relapsed platinum-sensitive high-grade serous or high-grade endometrioid ovarian cancer.

Introduction: Adaptive ChemoTherapy for Ovarian cancer (ACTOv) is a phase II, multicentre, randomised controlled trial, evaluating an adaptive therapy (AT) regimen with carboplatin in women with relapsed, platinum-sensitive high-grade serous or high-grade endometrioid cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube and peritoneum whose disease has progressed at least 6 months after day 1 of the last cycle of platinum-based chemotherapy. AT is a novel, evolutionarily informed approach to cancer treatment, which aims to exploit intratumoral competition between drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tumour subpopulations by modulating drug dose according to a patient's own response to the last round of treatment. ACTOv is the first clinical trial of AT in this disease setting.

Incidence of cancer-related lymphoedema: a protocol for a living systematic review with meta-analysis.

Introduction: Given the projected rise in the incidence of cancer treatment-related conditions, such as lymphoedema, and the limited research on lymphoedema in cancers with poor prognoses, there is a need for a better understanding of cancer-related lymphoedema incidence and associated risk factors across all types of cancers. The objectives of this review are (1) to produce a resource on an open-access platform that facilitates continuous update of incidence estimates and risk factors as evidence emerges, (2) to provide the most up-to-date estimate of the incidence of cancer-related lymphoedema and (3) to evaluate the strength and consistency of the association between lymphoedema and cancer treatment and non-treatment-related risk factors.

Methods And Analysis: A living systematic and grey literature search will be conducted to identify studies reporting the incidence, prevalence of lymphoedema or associated risk factors in individuals who have undergone treatment for any type of cancer.