Experimental DNA Demethylation Reduces Expression Plasticity and Thermal Tolerance in Pacific Oysters.

Increasing seawater temperatures pose a great threat to marine organisms, especially those settled in fluctuating intertidal areas. DNA methylation, which can be induced by environmental variation, can influence gene expression and mediate phenotypic plasticity. However, the regulatory mechanisms of DNA methylation in gene expression-mediated adaptation to environmental stress have rarely been elucidated.

Pyroptotic gasdermin exists in Mollusca and is vital to eliminating bacterial infection.

Gasdermin (GSDM) is a family of proteins that execute pyroptosis in vertebrate. In invertebrate, pyroptotic GSDM was documented only in coral. Recent studies identified abundant GSDM structural homologs in Mollusca, but their functions are unclear.

Impacts of model resolution and ocean coupling on mean and eddy momentum transfer during the rapid intensification of super-typhoon (2011).

This study uses a coupled atmosphere-ocean model with different numerical settings to investigate the mean and eddy momentum transfer processes responsible for Typhoon 's (2011) early rapid intensification (RI). Three experiments are conducted. Two use the coupled model with a horizontal resolution of either 1 km (HRL) or 3 km (LRL).

Raman spectral characteristics of CO/CO and quantitative measurements of carbon isotopic compositions from 50 to 450 °C and 50 to 400 bar.

The carbon isotopic composition of CO is traced to its different origins and widely used in the fields of geology, biology, and chemistry. Raman spectroscopy can be performed in situ, is nondestructive, and requires no sample preparation; these characteristics enable Raman spectroscopy to be considered a new alternative method to measure the carbon isotopic composition of CO. In this work, Raman spectra of high-purity CO, CO, and six CO-CO binary mixtures with known mixing ratios were collected using a High Pressure Optical Cell (HPOC) at 50-450 °C and 50-400 bar.

Anti-fouling TiO-Coated Polymeric Membrane Ion-Selective Electrodes with Photocatalytic Self-Cleaning Properties.

Nowadays, using a polymeric membrane ion-selective electrode (ISE) to achieve reliable ion sensing in complex samples remains challenging because of electrode fouling. To address this challenge, we describe a polymeric membrane ISE with excellent anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties based on surface covalent modification of an anatase TiO coating. Under ultraviolet illumination, the reactive oxygen species produced by photocatalytic TiO can not only kill microorganisms but also degrade organic foulants into carbon dioxide and water, and a formed superhydrophilic film can effectively prevent the adsorption of foulants, thus inhibiting the occurrence of biofouling and organic fouling of the sensors.

Pleiotropic Modulation of Chitooligosaccharides on Inflammatory Signaling in LPS-Induced Macrophages.

Chitooligosaccharide (COS) is a green and non-toxic cationic carbohydrate that has attracted wide attention in recent years due to its anti-inflammatory activity. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of COS remains unclear. In this study, RNA-seq was used to investigate the integrated response of COS to LPS-induced damage in macrophages.

A Computational Biology Study on the Structure and Dynamics Determinants of Thermal Stability of the Chitosanase from .

Environmentally friendly and efficient biodegradation with chitosanase for degrading chitosan to oligosaccharide has been gaining more importance. Here, we studied a chitosanase from with potential for production, but does not have the ideal thermal stability. The structure predicted by the Alphafold2 model, especially the binding site and two catalytic residues, has been found to have a high similarity with the experimental structure of the chitosanase V-CSN from the same family.

Immune diversity in lophotrochozoans, with a focus on recognition and effector systems.

Lophotrochozoa is one of the most species-rich but immunologically poorly explored phyla. Although lack of acquired response in a narrow sense, lophotrochozoans possess various genetic mechanisms that enhance the diversity and specificity of innate immune system. Here, we review the recent advances of comparative immunology studies in lophotrochozoans with focus on immune recognition and effector systems.

ACD-containing chaperones reveal the divergent thermo-tolerance in penaeid shrimp.

The α-crystallin domain-containing (ACD-containing) gene family, which includes typical small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), is the most ubiquitous and diverse family of putative chaperones in all organisms, including eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In the present study, approximately 54-117 ACD-containing genes were identified in five penaeid shrimp species, yielding a significant expansion in comparison with other crustaceans (generally 6-20 ACD-containing genes). Unlike typical sHSPs, which contain a single ACD domain, the ACD-containing genes of penaeid shrimp contain additional ACD domains (3-7 domains, in general), thus having a larger molecular weight and a more complex 3D structure.

Effects of instantaneous changes in temperature, light, and salinity on the dynamics of dissolved organic carbon release by Sargassum thunbergii.

Although macroalgae are regarded as the emerging fourth category of "blue carbon", few studies are available on the dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release. Sargassum thunbergii is a typical intertidal macroalgae; and tidal action usually triggers instantaneous changes in temperature, light and salinity. Therefore, we investigated the mechanism of short-term changes in temperature, light and salinity on DOC release by S.

Promoting effect of raft-raised scallop culture on the formation of coastal hypoxia.

The coastal waters around the Yangma Island are an important mariculture area of raft-raised scallop and bottom-seeded sea cucumber in the North Yellow Sea, China. Large-scale hypoxia in the bottom water of this area has caused the death of a large number of sea cucumbers and heavy economic losses. To find out the formation mechanism of hypoxia, the data obtained in each August during 2015-2018 were analyzed.

A Simple and Effective Visual Fluorescent Sensing Paper-Based Chip for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Mercury Ions in Environmental Water.

Traces of mercury ions in environmental water can harm humans and animals. Paper-based visual detection methods have been widely developed for the rapid detection of mercury ions; however, existing methods are not sensitive enough to be used in real environments. Here, we developed a novel, simple and effective visual fluorescent sensing paper-based chip for the ultrasensitive detection of mercury ions in environmental water.

Novel Chitin Deacetylase from Highlights the Potential for Chitin Derivative Production.

β-Chitin is an important carbon fixation product of diatoms, and is the most abundant nitrogen-containing polysaccharide in the ocean. It has potential for widespread application, but the characterization of chitin-related enzymes from β-chitin producers has rarely been reported. In this study, a chitin deacetylase (TwCDA) was retrieved from the Marine Microbial Eukaryote Transcriptome Sequencing Project (MMETSP) database and was heterologously expressed in vitro for functional analysis.

Gene Structure, Expression and Function Analysis of in the Pacific White Shrimp .

The Pacific white shrimp is the most economically important crustacean in the world. The growth and development of shrimp muscle has always been the focus of attention. Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2), a member of MADS transcription factor, has an essential influence on various growth and development programs, including myogenesis.

IAG Regulates the Expression of Cytoskeletal Protein-Encoding Genes in Shrimp Testis.

Insulin-like androgenic gland hormone (IAG) is the master regulator of sexual differentiation and testis development in male crustaceans. However, the molecular mechanism on how IAG functions during testis development is still largely unknown. Here, the transcriptional changes were analyzed in the testes of shrimp after knockdown in .

Transcriptome Analysis on Hepatopancreas Reveals the Metabolic Dysregulation Caused by Infection in .

Acute hepatopancreas necrosis disease (AHPND) has caused massive deaths of shrimp and has led to huge economic losses in aquaculture. (VP) carrying a plasmid encoding binary toxins homologous to the insect-related (Pir) toxins is one of the main pathogens causing this disease. Previous studies have reported many immune-related genes of shrimp in response to this pathogenic bacteria.

Jellyfish Peptide as an Alternative Source of Antioxidant.

Jellyfish is a valuable biological resource in marine ecosystems, and blooms been observed in numerous coastal regions. However, their utility is limited by their high water content. Recent research has focused on extracting antioxidants from marine sources.

Design and Strengthening of Superhydrophobic Coatings: The Influence of Intermediate Layers.

The employment of intermediate layer technology to improve the mechanical stability of superhydrophobic coatings (SHCs) is an acknowledged tool, but the mechanism by which intermediate layers, especially different ones, affect superhydrophobic composite coatings is not clear. In this work, a series of SHCs based on the strengthening of the intermediate layer were fabricated by employing polymers with different elastic moduli such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyurethane (PU), epoxy (EP) resin, as well as graphite/SiO hydrophobic components. Following that, the effect of different elastic modulus polymers as an intermediate layer on the durability of SHCs was investigated.

Antibacterial Indole Diketopiperazine Alkaloids from the Deep-Sea Cold Seep-Derived Fungus .

A large body of fungal secondary metabolites has been discovered to exhibit potent antibacterial activities with distinctive mechanisms and has the potential to be an untapped resource for drug discovery. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of five new antibacterial indole diketopiperazine alkaloids, namely 24,25-dihydroxyvariecolorin G (), 25-hydroxyrubrumazine B (), 22-chloro-25-hydroxyrubrumazine B (), 25-hydroxyvariecolorin F (), and 27-epi-aspechinulin D (), along with the known analogue neoechinulin B () from a fungal strain of deep-sea cold seep-derived . Among these compounds, and represented a class of infrequently occurring fungal chlorinated natural products.

Isolation and functional verification of an aspartate aminotransferase gene from Neoporphyra haitanensis.

Background: Neoporphyra haitanensis is a commercial laver species in China. Aspartic acid is an important flavor amino acid, and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) is a crucial enzyme in its biosynthesis. In this study, we cloned one AAT gene (NhAAT) from the red alga N.

Inbreeding depression explains killer whale population dynamics.

Understanding the factors that cause endangered populations to either grow or decline is crucial for preserving biodiversity. Conservation efforts often address extrinsic threats, such as environmental degradation and overexploitation, that can limit the recovery of endangered populations. Genetic factors such as inbreeding depression can also affect population dynamics but these effects are rarely measured in the wild and thus often neglected in conservation efforts.

Tongue sole creatine kinases function as DAMP and activate antimicrobial immunity TLR2.

Creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme that regulates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolism to maintain energy homeostasis. Although CK has been reported to be involved in pathogen infection, the immune function of CK remains elusive. In this study, we identified two muscle-type CK from the teleost tongue sole (designated CsCKM-1 and CsCKM-2).

Bisabolane sesquiterpene and cyclopentene derivatives from the marine algal-derived endophytic fungus Trichoderma asperellum EN-764.

Four undescribed bisabolane sesquiterpenes and one undescribed cyclopentene derivative, together with one undescribed naturally occurring cyclopentenone derivative, were isolated and identified from the culture of the endophytic fungus Trichoderma asperellum EN-764, which was obtained from the marine red alga Palisada papillosa. Their structures were determined by detailed interpretation of NMR and mass spectroscopic data, while the relative and absolute configurations were unambiguously established based on NOESY experiments, modified Mosher's method, X-ray diffraction, and quantum chemical calculations (ECD and DP4+ probability analysis). The antibacterial activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated, and they exhibited inhibitory activity against some aquatic pathogens with MIC values ranging from 4 to 64 μg/mL.

Solid-contact polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes using a covalent organic framework@reduced graphene oxide composite as ion-to-electron transducer.

A solid-contact ion-selective electrode (SC-ISE) based on a covalent organic framework@reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite is proposed. The composite can be synthesized through the polycondensation of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (TFP) and 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone (DAAQ) on the rGO nanosheets, which shows high capacitance and good redox-active properties. By applying Cd-ISE as a model, the electrode exhibits a Nernstian slope of 29.

Expression characteristics of Hsd3b7 in the gonads of Paralichthys olivaceus.

Steroidogenesis is an important biological process for gonadal differentiation and development. In mammals, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 7 (HSD3B7) could convert 3β-hydroxy of 7α-hydroxycholesterol into a ketone and form 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, which may affect steroidogenesis. However, in fish, the study of Hsd3b7 is still lacking.