Advances in the Design of Photoactivatable Metallodrugs: Excited State Metallomics.

Photoactivatable metal complexes offer the prospect of novel drugs with low side effects and new mechanisms of action to combat resistance to current therapy. We highlight recent progress in the design of platinum, ruthenium, iridium, gold and other transition metal complexes, especially for applications as anticancer and anti-infective agents. In particular, understanding excited state chemistry related to identification of the bioactive species (excited state metallomics/pharmacophores) is important.

Preclinical and First-in-Human Study of a Compact Radionuclide Labeled Self-Assembly Nanomedicine for Chemo-Radio-Theranostics of Cancer.

The emerging combination of chemotherapy and radionuclide therapy has been actively investigated to overcome the limitations of monotherapy and augment therapeutic efficacy. However, it remains a challenge to design a single delivery vehicle that can incorporate chemotherapeutics and radionuclides into a compact structure. Here, a chelator DOTA- or NOTA-modified Evans blue conjugated camptothecin molecule (EB-CPT) nanoprodrug was synthesized, which could self-assemble into nanoparticles due to its inherent amphiphilicity.

Genipin-crosslinked double PLL membranes overcome the strength-diffusion trade-off in cell encapsulation without compromising biocompatibility.

Cell microencapsulation technologies allow non-autologous implantation of therapeutic cells for sustained drug delivery purposes. The perm-selective membrane of these systems provides resistance to rupture, stablishes the upper molecular weight limit in bidirectional diffusion of molecules, and affects biocompatibility. Thus, despite being a decisive factor to succeed in terms of biosafety and therapeutic efficacy, little progress has been made in its optimization so far.

KRASG12D drives immunosuppression in lung adenocarcinoma through paracrine signaling.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. New targeted therapies against the once-deemed undruggable oncogenic KRAS are changing current therapeutic paradigms. However, resistance to targeted KRAS inhibitors almost inevitably occurs; resistance can be driven by tumor cell-intrinsic changes or by changes in the microenvironment.

Optical molecular imaging technology and its application in precise surgical navigation of liver cancer.

Recent innovations in medical imaging technology have placed molecular imaging techniques at the forefront of diagnostic advancements. The current research trajectory in this field aims to integrate personalized molecular data of patients and diseases with traditional anatomical imaging data, enabling more precise, non-invasive, or minimally invasive diagnostic options for clinical medicine. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the basic principles and system components of optical molecular imaging technology.

NIR II Laser-Triggered Photothermal Nanoplatform for Multimodal Imaging-Guided Synergistic Therapy toward Colon Cancer.

Colon cancer is one kind of malignant digestive tract tumor with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, treatments for which still face great challenges. Recently emerged intervention strategies such as phototherapy and gas therapy have displayed promising effects in the treatment of colon cancer, but their application are still hindered due to insufficient tumor targeting and deeper tissue penetrating capacity. Herein, in the present study, we developed one theranostic nanoplatform Cet-CDs-SNO (CCS) to realize multimodal imaging-guided synergistic colon cancer therapy.

Recent advances in ferrocene-based nanomedicines for enhanced chemodynamic therapy.

Malignant tumors have been a serious threat to human health with their increasing incidence. Difficulties with conventional treatments are toxicity, drug resistance, and recurrence. For this reason, non-invasive treatment modalities such as photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and others have received much attention.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography: Technological development and applications in brain science.

Brain diseases are a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Early detection can lead to earlier intervention and better outcomes for patients. In recent years, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) imaging have been widely used in stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and brain cancer due to their advantages of , unlabeled, and high-resolution 3D microvessel imaging at the capillary resolution level.

Zinc-based radioenhancers to activate tumor radioimmunotherapy by PD-L1 and cGAS-STING pathway.

Radiotherapy and immunotherapy have already become the primary form of treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but are limited by high radiotherapy dose and low immune response rate. Herein, a multi-pronged strategy using a radio-immuno-enhancer (ZnO-Au@mSiO) is developed by inducing tumor cells apoptosis and reprograming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). The radio-immuno-enhancer employed Au as a radiosensitizer, transition Zn ions as immune activators, which not only tremendously enhances the anti-proliferative activity of radiotherapy toward cancer cells, but also activates the immune response with multi-targets to let "exhausted" T cells "back to life" by triggering immunogenic cell death (ICD), immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) that target PD-1/PD-L1 and cGAS-STING under X-ray irradiation with a low dosage.

Hijacking endogenous iron to amplify lysosomal-mitochondrial cascade damage for boosting anti-tumor immunotherapy.

The cross-talk between lysosomes and mitochondria is crucial for keeping intracellular homeostasis and metabolic function, providing a promising approach for tumor therapy. Herein, we employed polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-modified Cu-gallic acid (CuGA) complex nano-boosters for amplifying lysosomes-mitochondria cascaded damage, and thereby effectively inducing cuproptosis and pyroptosis of breast tumor cells to boost anti-tumor immunotherapy. The CuGA nano-boosters could hijack lysosomal iron to form a bimetallic catalyst Cu(Fe)GA in situ through ion-exchange reaction, and cause the release of Cu and metal ion dysregulation (i.

Association of resting amygdalar activity with persistent atrial fibrillation mediated by right atrial inflammation activity on F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography.

Background: Recent studies have shown that resting amygdalar activity is associated with cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms that link resting amygdalar activity with persistent atrial fibrillation (PerAF) remain to be comprehensively delineated. We aimed to estimate the association between resting amygdalar activity, right atrium (RA) inflammatory activity, and PerAF.

Advancements in the Treatment of Atherosclerosis: From Conventional Therapies to Cutting-Edge Innovations.

Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, driven by a complex interplay of lipid dysregulation, inflammation, and vascular pathology. Despite advancements in understanding the multifactorial nature of atherosclerosis and improvements in clinical management, existing therapies often fall short in reversing the disease, focusing instead on symptom alleviation and risk reduction. This review highlights recent strides in identifying genetic markers, elucidating inflammatory pathways, and understanding environmental contributors to atherosclerosis.

Targeting Ferroptosis in Parkinson's Disease: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the accumulation of α-synuclein in the brain. Ferroptosis, a recently identified form of regulated cell death, is critical in PD pathogenesis due to its association with iron deposition, overproduction of reactive oxygen species, iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and impaired lipid peroxidation clearance. This cell death mechanism is closely linked to several pathogenic processes in PD, including α-synuclein aggregation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, microglia-induced neuroinflammation, and neuromelanin accumulation.

Intelligent Generic High-Throughput Oscillatory Shear Technology Fabricates Programmable Microrobots for Real-Time Visual Guidance During Embolization.

Microrobots for endovascular embolization face challenges in precise delivery within dynamic blood vessels. Here, an intelligent generic high-throughput oscillatory shear technology (iGHOST) is proposed to fabricate diversely programmable, multifunctional microrobots capable of real-time visual guidance for in vivo endovascular embolization. Leveraging machine learning (ML), key synthesis parameters affecting the success and sphericity of the microrobots are identified.

Late-stage (radio)fluorination of alkyl phosphonates via electrophilic activation.

Constructing organic fluorophosphines, vital drug skeletons, through the direct fluorination of readily available alkyl phosphonates has been impeded due to the intrinsic low electrophilicity of P and the high bond energy of P═O bond. Here, alkyl phosphonates are electrophilically activated with triflic anhydride and N-heteroaromatic bases, enabling nucleophilic fluorination at room temperature to form fluorophosphines via reactive phosphine intermediates. This approach facilitates the late-stage (radio)fluorination of broad dialkyl and monoalkyl phosphonates.

Therapeutic co-assemblies for synergistic NSCLC treatment through dual topoisomerase I and tubulin inhibitors.

Camptothecin (CPT) and podophyllotoxin (PPT) function as topoisomerase (TOP) I and tubulin inhibitors, respectively, with potent anticancer effects in a variety of cancers. Despite its promise, the clinical applicability of the combination of CPT and PPT faces challenges, including potential side effect and limited therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we designed co-assembly nanomedicines with the different weight (w/w) ratios of amphiphilic Evans blue conjugated CPT prodrug (EB-ss-CPT) and PPT molecules, denoted as ECT Nano.

Special Issue: "Vaccination and Global Health".

This Special Issue, titled 'Vaccination and Global Health,' compiles 11 broad-ranging papers, each exploring critical facets of vaccination, public health, and global healthcare systems [...

A deep learning method for the recovery of standard-dose imaging quality from ultra-low-dose PET on wavelet domain.

Purpose: Recent development in positron emission tomography (PET) dramatically increased the effective sensitivity by increasing the geometric coverage leading to total-body PET imaging. This encouraging breakthrough brings the hope of ultra-low dose PET imaging equivalent to transatlantic flight with the assistance of deep learning (DL)-based methods. However, conventional DL approaches face limitations in addressing the heterogeneous domain of PET imaging.

Responsive plasmonic hybrid nanorods enables metabolism reprogramming via cuproptosis-photothermal combined cancer therapy.

Abnormal tumor metabolism leads to tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence, reprogramming tumor metabolism and activating potent anti-tumor immune response have been demonstrated to have good therapeutic effects on tumor elimination. Copper-based nanomaterials involved in cuproptosis show great prospects in these two aspects, but their efficiency is restricted by Cu homeostasis and the toxicity of the chelator. Here, the pH-responsive AuNRs@CuO core-shell plasmonic hybrid nanorods (ACNRs) have been successfully fabricated to realize microenvironment-controlled release at the tumor site for the combined therapy of cuproptosis and photothermal treatment.

Molecular Design of Phthalocyanine-Based Drug Coassembly with Tailored Function.

Coassemblies with tailored functions, such as drug loading, tissue targeting and releasing, therapeutic and/or imaging purposes, and so on, have been widely studied and applied in biomedicine. design of these coassemblies hinges on an integrated approach involving synergy between various design strategies, ranging from structure screening of combinations of "phthalocyanine-chemotherapeutic drug" molecules for molecular scaffolds, exploration of related fabrication principles to verification of intended activity of specific designs. Here, we propose an integrated approach combining computation and experiments to design from scratch coassembled nanoparticles.

Experimental study of early evaluation of radiosensitivity in mouse models of lung cancers using Zr-anti-γH2AX-TAT PET imaging.

Background: Early evaluation of radiation sensitivity in lung cancer patients can facilitate the transition to personalized treatment strategies. To this end, we assessed the capability of Zr-anti-γH2AX-TAT microPET imaging in determining the radiosensitivity of lung cancer xenograft models. We prepared and conducted quality control on Zr-anti-γH2AX-TAT.