Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of an ACT and compassion-based intervention for women with breast cancer: study protocol of two randomised controlled trials {1}.

Background: Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women worldwide and carries a considerable psychosocial burden. Interventions based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and compassion-based approaches show promise in improving adjustment and quality of life in people with cancer. The Mind programme is an integrative ACT and compassion-based intervention tailored for women with breast cancer, which aims to prepare women for survivorship by promoting psychological flexibility and self-compassion.

Exposure to childhood maltreatment is associated with specific epigenetic patterns in sperm.

Childhood maltreatment exposure (CME) increases the risk of adverse long-term health consequences for the exposed individual. Animal studies suggest that CME may also influence the health and behaviour in the next generation offspring through CME-driven epigenetic changes in the germ line. Here we investigated the associated between early life stress on the epigenome of sperm in humans with history of CME.

The Complex Relationship Between Cannabis Use and Mental Health: Considering the Influence of Cannabis Use Patterns and Individual Factors.

The relationship between cannabis use and mental health is complex, as studies often report seemingly contradictory findings regarding whether cannabis use results in more positive or negative treatment outcomes. With an increasing number of individuals using cannabis for both recreational (i.e.

Stationarity assessment of resting state condition via permutation entropy on EEG recordings.

The analysis of electrophysiological recordings of the human brain in resting state is a key experimental technique in neuroscience. Resting state is the default condition to characterize brain dynamics. Its successful implementation relies both on the capacity of subjects to comply with the requirement of staying awake while not performing any cognitive task, and on the capacity of the experimenter to validate that compliance.

Correlation between polygenic risk scores of depression and cortical morphology networks.

Background: Cortical morphometry is an intermediate phenotype that is closely related to the genetics and onset of major depressive disorder (MDD), and cortical morphometric networks are considered more relevant to disease mechanisms than brain regions. We sought to investigate changes in cortical morphometric networks in MDD and their relationship with genetic risk in healthy controls.

Methods: We recruited healthy controls and patients with MDD of Han Chinese descent.

Language, theory of mind and cognitive skills in Arabic-speaking children with and without autism: Evidence from network and cluster analyses.

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in social interactions, social communication, and repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior. Previous studies have reported mixed findings regarding the links between language (i.e.

Altered mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) function shifts mitochondrial metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Mitochondrial function is modulated by its interaction with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Recent research indicates that these contacts are disrupted in familial models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We report here that this impairment in the crosstalk between mitochondria and the ER impedes the use of glucose-derived pyruvate as mitochondrial fuel, causing a shift to fatty acids to sustain energy production.

Processes and measurements: a framework for understanding neural oscillations in field potentials.

Various neuroscientific theories maintain that brain oscillations are important for neuronal computation, but opposing views claim that these macroscale dynamics are 'exhaust fumes' of more relevant processes. Here, we approach the question of whether oscillations are functional or epiphenomenal by distinguishing between measurements and processes, and by reviewing whether causal or inferentially useful links exist between field potentials, electric fields, and neurobiological events. We introduce a vocabulary for the role of brain signals and their underlying processes, demarcating oscillations as a distinct entity where both processes and measurements can exhibit periodicity.

Neural regulation of pain anticipation is associated with mindful behavior change in patients with anxiety or depression: A pilot study.

Behavior change often requires overcoming discomfort or difficult emotions. Emotional dysregulation associated with anxiety or depression may prevent behavior change initiation among people managing chronic illness. Mindfulness training may catalyze chronic disease self-management by reducing experiential avoidance of aversive experiences that act as barriers to change initiation.

Risk Factors for Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy in a Large Clinical Database.

Purpose: Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the leading cause of surgical failure following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). In this study, we aimed to explore ocular and systemic risk factors for PVR due to RRD in a large patient database.

Methods: Patients who have a diagnosis of RRD and PVR, and who have been seen in the last seven years prior to analysis (January 2015-February 2023) were identified in the Vestrum Health database.

Updated Geriatrics Competencies for Graduating Medical Students: Training Physicians to Provide Age-Friendly Care.

Purpose: Medical student education in geriatrics is a critical need for every doctor-in-training as the population ages, with fewer than 7,000 geriatricians, and older patients, who now approach 20% of the U.S. population, having unique health care needs.

A European Survey to Identify Challenges in the Management of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Background And Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its more severe subtype, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), are highly prevalent and strongly associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study sought to identify challenges to the diagnosis, treatment and management of people living with MASLD and MASH and understand the key barriers to adopting relevant clinical guidelines.

Methods: A real-world, cross-sectional study (BARRIERS-MASLD) consisting of a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews of physicians in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom was conducted from March to September 2023.

Examining the Impact of a Brief Compassion Focused Intervention on Everyday Experiences of Compassion in Autistic Adults Through Psychophysiology and Experience Sampling.

Autistic adults experience greater rates of anxiety and depression compared to the general population. Compassion-focused therapy interventions, aimed at promoting self-compassion capabilities, have shown efficacy in improving mental health outcomes in autistic and non-autistic samples suffering from self-criticism that contribute to difficulties in emotion regulation. We explored the experiences of autistic adults during a brief one-week online self-compassion exercise to evaluate it's feasibility and acceptability through self-report, experience sampling, and parasympathetic activity measured via HRV.

Relationship between REI and PSA in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a prospective case-control study.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea has been associated with various urinary system diseases, including prostatic hyperplasia and nocturia. Recently, it has been linked to prostate cancer. This study investigated the relationship between the apnea hypopnea index, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, and changes in PSA.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have an increased genetic risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), with most adults developing AD neuropathology in their 40s. Despite having a low frequency of systemic vascular risk factors such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, adults with DS display cerebrovascular pathology, including microbleeds, microinfarcts, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. This suggests that blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity may be compromised allowing the extravasation of blood proteins in the brain parenchyma.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction and Aβ accumulation are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the role of these pathologies in Down Syndrome associated Alzheimer's Disease (DSAD) is unknown. Decades of research describe a relationship between mitochondrial function and Aβ production.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC) is a common cause of dementia in older age. LATE-NC was first coined in 2019 with proposed staging criteria of TDP-43 progressing from amygdala (stage 1), to hippocampus (stage 2), to middle frontal gyrus (stage 3). Criteria were updated in 2023 to further categorize stage 1 to either TDP-43 inclusions in amygdala alone (stage 1a) or hippocampus alone (stage 1b).

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies in people with Down syndrome (DS) is nearly 100%. In DS, overexpression of APP (on chr21) is associated with increased production of amyloid beta (Aβ) and the formation of phosphorylated tau (ptau) tangles. In the general population, women exhibit higher burdens of ptau compared to age-matched men with AD.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: TBI is the 3rd greatest risk factor for developing AD, behind genetics and aging. TBI is associated with a 3-4 year earlier onset of cognitive impairment, and increased cortical thinning and amyloid plaques in people with AD. The underlying mechanisms of this relationship are not understood, and as a result there are no treatments that protect patients from accelerated AD after TBI.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: ABCA7, an important risk gene for AD, encodes a transporter implicated in lipid transport and phagocytosis, and its disruptions have been linked to AD pathogenesis. However, the impact of these mutations on AD risk is complex due to their interaction with a multifaceted transcriptional architecture and cell type-specificexpression patterns. This study aims to analyze the intricate patterns of ABCA7 expression across diverse cell types, considering various ABCA7 genotypes in relation to AD patients and non-carrier controls, while also exploring the effects of ABCA7 mutations on transcriptome-wide gene expression.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: This study responds to the urgent need for automated and reliable methods to detect cognitive impairments on a large scale. It leverages natural language processing (NLP) techniques to predict dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using clinical notes from electronic health records (EHR).

Method: Our study used an EHR dataset from Massachusetts General Brigham, which included clinical notes from a 2-year period (2017-2018) covering 12 types of patient encounters.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Financial exploitation vulnerability (FEV) denotes the risk for falling victim to financial fraud and older adults reportedly lose an estimated $36 billion annually to scams. Socioemotional and cognitive impairments are potential risk factors for FEV in older adults with dementia. The present study examines whether the socioemotional measures of sensitivity to unfairness and self-unawareness of socioemotional dysfunction and brain atrophy are associated with increased risk for FEV in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD).

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Evidence has emerged that the inflammation and immune mechanisms are involved in the relationship between hypertension (HTN) and cognitive impairment. We sought (1) to examine the combined effects of HTN and CD33, an immune-related and robust cognitive impairment susceptibility locus, with cognitive function in older adults and further (2) to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Method: This population-based study included 4444 dementia-free participants (age ≥65 years) in MIND-China; of these, data on gray matter volume were available in 1047 persons and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in 85 persons.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Sporadic bvFTD is often misdiagnosed as a primary psychiatric disorder (PPD) due to overlapping clinical features and lack of reliable biomarkers. The multi-centre study DIPPA-FTD aims to develop diagnostic- and prognostic-algorithms that can distinguish sporadic bvFTD from late-onset PPD. The aim of the retrospective DIPPA-FTD study was to identify the strongest clinical discriminators.