Active listening modulates the spatial hearing experience: a multicentric study.

Although flexible and portable virtual reality technologies have simplified measuring participants' perception of acoustic space, their clinical adoption remains limited, often lacking ecological fidelity. In clinical practice, participants are typically instructed to remain still when testing sound localization, whereas head movements are crucial in daily life. Additionally, assessing spatial hearing extends beyond measuring accuracy to include meta-cognitive evaluations like perceived effort and confidence, which are rarely adopted.

Transsaccadic perception of changes in object regularity.

The visual system compensates for differences between peripheral and foveal vision using different mechanisms. Although peripheral vision is characterized by higher spatial uncertainty and lower resolution than foveal vision, observers reported objects to be less distorted and less blurry in the periphery than the fovea in a visual matching task during fixation (Valsecchi et al., 2018).

Age dependent deficits in speech recognition in quiet and noise are reflected in MGB activity and cochlear onset coding.

The slowing and reduction of auditory responses in the brain are recognized side effects of increased pure tone thresholds, impaired speech recognition, and aging. However, it remains controversial whether central slowing is primarily linked to brain processes as atrophy, or is also associated with the slowing of temporal neural processing from the periphery. Here we analyzed electroencephalogram (EEG) responses that most likely reflect medial geniculate body (MGB) responses to passive listening of phonemes in 80 subjects ranging in age from 18 to 76 years, in whom the peripheral auditory responses had been analyzed in detail (Schirmer et al.

Socio-affective communication in Tph2-deficient rat pups: communal nesting aggravates growth retardation despite ameliorating maternal affiliation deficits.

Background: A lack of serotonin (also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in the brain due to deficiency of the rate-limiting enzyme in 5-HT synthesis, tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2), was recently reported to result in impaired maternal affiliation across species, including mice, rats, and monkeys. In rodents, this was reflected in a lack of preference for maternal odors and reduced levels of isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations (USV), possibly contributing to a severe growth retardation phenotype.

Methods: Here, we tested whether growth retardation, maternal affiliation deficits, and/or impairments in socio-affective communication caused by Tph2 deficiency can be rescued through early social enrichment in rats.

The association between sleep disturbance and nightmares: Temporal dynamics of nightmare occurrence and sleep architecture in the home.

We collected measures of sleep architecture and nightmares from participants (N = 61) wearing the DREEM 3 headband across 2 weeks of data collection to test the hypothesis that there are bidirectional links between insomnia (measured as sleep disturbance) and nightmare events. Nightmares were predicted by increased sleep disturbance the night before the nightmare, but not on the same night or 2 nights before. We also found that nightmare occurrences did not predict increased sleep disturbance on the same night or the following 2 nights, rather nightmares predicted increased sleep disturbance at the between-subjects level only.

N-Acetylcysteine Counteracts Immune Dysfunction and Autism-Related Behaviors in the Shank3b Mouse Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes a range of neurodevelopmental disabilities characterized by social interaction deficits, communication impairments, and repetitive behaviors. Previous studies have shown that pro-inflammatory conditions play a key role in ASD. Despite this, how oxidative stress and inflammation may contribute to ASD-related behaviors is still poorly understood.

Spatial and directional tuning of serial dependence for tracking eye movements.

An attractive influence of past sensory experience on current behavior has been observed in many domains ranging from perceptual decisions to motor responses. However, it is unclear what sort of information is integrated across trials, especially for oculomotor behavior. Here we provide a detailed investigation of the spatial and directional tuning of serial dependence for oculomotor tracking.

Parietofrontal Networks Mediate Contextual Influences in the Appraisal of Pain and Disgust Facial Expressions.

We appraise other people's emotions by combining multiple sources of information, including somatic facial/body reactions and the surrounding context. Wealthy literature revealed how people take into account contextual information in the interpretation of facial expressions, but the mechanisms mediating such influence still need to be duly investigated. Across two experiments, we mapped the neural representations of distinct (but comparably unpleasant) negative states, pain, and disgust, as conveyed by naturalistic facial expressions or contextual sentences.

In Vivo Tau and Neurodegeneration Imaging in a Family With the Presenilin 1 Met146Leu Pathogenic Variant.

Objectives: We investigated tau and neurodegeneration patterns and clinical phenotypes in carriers of a specific pathogenic variant in the PSEN1 gene and 1 nonaffected relative.

Methods: We included 3 symptomatic carriers of the c.436 A>C, p.

Repetition of critical search features modulates EEG lateralized potentials in visual search.

In visual search, the repetition of target and distractor colors enables both successful search and effective distractor handling. Nevertheless, the specific consequences of trial-to-trial feature repetition in different search contexts are poorly understood. Here, we investigated how feature repetition shapes the electrophysiological and behavioral correlates of target processing and distractor handling, testing theoretically informed predictions with single-trial mixed-effects modeling.

Eye movements of children with and without developmental dyslexia in an alphabetic script during alphabetic and logographic tasks.

Eye movements (EM) during naming alphabetic versus logographic stimuli in children with and without developmental dyslexia (DD) were examined for each stimulus separately to identify conspicuous characteristics that influence naming performance. 40 children (group DD = 18; control group C = 22) were taught Chinese characters. EM were recorded during naming alphabetic words, pictures and Chinese characters.

The emerging field of non-invasive brain stimulation in Alzheimer's disease.

Treating cognitive impairment is a holy grail of modern clinical neuroscience. In the past few years, non-invasive brain stimulation is increasingly emerging as a therapeutic approach to ameliorate performance in patients with cognitive impairment and as an augmentation approach in persons whose cognitive performance is within normal limits. In patients with Alzheimer's disease, better understanding of brain connectivity and function has allowed for the development of different non-invasive brain stimulation protocols.

The nature of label-induced categories: preverbal infants represent surface features and category symbols.

Humans categorize objects not only based on perceptual features (e.g. red, rounded), but also function (e.

A data integration method for new advances in development cognitive neuroscience.

Combining existing datasets to investigate key questions in developmental cognitive neuroscience brings exciting opportunities and unique challenges. However, many data pooling methods require identical or harmonized methodologies that are often not feasible. We propose Integrative Data Analysis (IDA) as a promising framework to advance developmental cognitive neuroscience with secondary data analysis.

Alterations of Gut Microbiome Composition and Function Pre- and Post-Adenotonsillectomy in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Importance: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is linked with alterations in the gut microbiome. The influence of adenotonsillectomy (AT), a primary intervention for OSA, on gut microbiota dynamics relative to disease severity remains to be elucidated.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of OSA severity and AT on the gut microbiome in pediatric patients.

Selection into higher education and subsequent religious decline in a United States cohort.

Extant research reveals an inconclusive relationship between higher education and religiosity, which might be due to the selection effect, or to the different religiosity measures used. To address this, we analyze data of a cohort of adolescents from the 1997 National Longitudinal Study of Youth to investigate the association between religion and education. First, we assess the relationship between the child's religious environment and their likelihood of attending college.

Neurobiological correlates of comorbidity in disorders across the affective disorders-psychosis spectrum.

Disorders across the affective disorders-psychosis spectrum such as major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizoaffective disorder (SCA), and schizophrenia (SCZ), have overlapping symptomatology and high comorbidity rates with other mental disorders. So far, however, it is largely unclear why some of the patients develop comorbidities. In particular, the specific genetic architecture of comorbidity and its relationship with brain structure remain poorly understood.