The association between screen time trajectories and the comorbidity of depression and anxiety.

Depression and anxiety are often comorbid among adolescents. Adolescent screen time changes over time. This study investigates the association between screen time trajectories and the comorbidity of depression and anxiety from a longitudinal perspective.

Continuous increase in podocyte numbers in the first 36 months of life-insights from forensic autopsies in Japanese children.

Background: Podocyte depletion is a critical factor in glomerulosclerosis development. While podocyte numbers per glomerulus typically decline with age in adults, they are hypothesized to increase during childhood. However, studies on podocyte number progression in childhood have been limited.

High-Throughput Formation of Pre-Vascularized hiPSC-Derived Hepatobiliary Organoids on a Chip via Nonparenchymal Cell Grafting.

Liver organoids have been increasingly adopted as a critical in vitro model to study liver development and diseases. However, the pre-vascularization of liver organoids without affecting liver parenchymal specification remains a long-lasting challenge, which is essential for their application in regenerative medicine. Here, the large-scale formation of pre-vascularized human hepatobiliary organoids (vhHBOs) is presented without affecting liver epithelial specification via a novel strategy, namely nonparenchymal cell grafting (NCG).

The influence of the dynamic context of the pandemic on the predictive performance of mortality predictions over time in older patients hospitalised for COVID-19.

Objective: During the COVID-19 pandemic, dynamic factors such as governmental policies, improved treatment and prevention options and viral mutations changed the incidence of outcomes and possibly changed the relation between predictors and outcomes. The aim of the present study was to assess whether the dynamic context of the pandemic influenced the predictive performance of mortality predictions over time in older patients hospitalised for COVID-19.

Study Design And Setting: The COVID-OLD study, a multicentre cohort study in the Netherlands, included COVID-19 patients aged 70 years and older hospitalised during the first (early 2020), second (late 2020), third (late 2021) or fourth wave (early 2022).

Association between ambient temperatures and cardiovascular disease: A time series analysis using emergency ambulance dispatches in Chongqing, China, 2019-2021.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death globally. Yet, further research is required into the relationship between CVD and extreme environmental temperatures. This study aims to explore the association between the incidence of CVD and extreme temperatures, and also to identify susceptible subgroups within the population.

Predictive Factors and Nomogram for Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Decompensated Cirrhosis Among the Elderly.

Background And Aims: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) represents a significant complication in the decompensated phase of cirrhosis. The challenges in treating SBP and the associated mortality rates are markedly elevated in elderly individuals. Timely detection and intervention for SBP are imperative.

A CRISPRi Library Screen in Group B Identifies Surface Immunogenic Protein (Sip) as a Mediator of Multiple Host Interactions.

Group B (GBS; ) is an important pathobiont capable of colonizing various host environments, contributing to severe perinatal infections. Surface proteins play critical roles in GBS-host interactions, yet comprehensive studies of these proteins' functions have been limited by genetic manipulation challenges. This study leveraged a CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) library to target genes encoding surface-trafficked proteins in GBS, identifying their roles in modulating macrophage cytokine responses.

Long-term changes in carotid intima-media thickness according to baseline blood pressure level: J-STARS Echo study.

Background And Aims: We aimed to investigate long-term changes in carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) based on baseline blood pressure (BP) levels in non-cardioembolic stroke patients.

Methods: Patients aged 45-80 years with dyslipidemia who were not on statins before enrollment and had experienced a non-cardioembolic stroke were assigned to either the pravastatin group or the control group in a randomized trial. Patients were classified into three groups according to BP levels: normal BP (N-group: systolic BP [sBP] <140 mmHg and diastolic BP [dBP] <90 mmHg), highly elevated BP (G2 group: sBP ≥160 mmHg or dBP ≥100 mmHg), and mildly elevated BP (G1 group: the remaining patients).

Hypertension and 28-day mortality in sepsis patients: An observational and mendelian randomization study.

Background: Predicting and reducing the 28-day mortality in sepsis remains a challenge in this research field.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the association between hypertension and 28-day mortality in sepsis.

Methods: This study is a cross-sectional approach with Mendelian Randomization (MR).

Understanding European patterns of deprescribing antithrombotic medication during end-of-life care in patients with cancer.

Background: Even though antithrombotic therapy (ATT) probably has little or even negative effect on the well-being of patients with cancer near the end of life, it is often continued until death, possibly leading to excess bleeding complications, increased disease burden, reduced quality of life and higher healthcare costs.

Aim: To explore and describe European practice patterns and perspectives of healthcare professionals from different disciplines and specialties on ATT in the end-of-life care (EOLC) of patients with cancer.

Methods: We performed a two-week international cross-sectional survey study using flash-mob research methodology.

Associations between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and cardiovascular risk factors according to age and sex.

Context: Subclinical thyroid dysfunction (ScTD) comprising subclinical hypothyroidism (SHypo) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (SHyper) has been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular events.

Objective: To assess associations between ScTD and cardiovascular risk factors (cvRFs) according to age and sex.

Design And Setting: Pooled individual participant data analysis of large prospective cohort studies from the Thyroid Studies Collaboration.

Exploring and Predicting HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Adherence Patterns Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Randomized Controlled Longitudinal Study of an mHealth Intervention in Western China.

Background: Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective strategy to reduce the risk of HIV infection. However, the efficacy of PrEP is highly dependent on adherence. Meanwhile, adherence changes over time, making it difficult to manage effectively.

CAP-PIRO Scoring System's Performance in Predicting Prognosis and Severity of Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Single-Center Prospective Study.

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a significant global health issue, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite the existence of various severity scoring systems, accurately predicting patient outcomes remains challenging. The CAP-PIRO (Predisposition, Insult, Response, and Organ dysfunction) scoring system offers a comprehensive approach to evaluating CAP severity and prognosis.

Cytoadhesion of Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Red Blood Cells Changes the Expression of Cytokine-, Histone- and Antiviral Protein-Encoding Genes in Brain Endothelial Cells.

Malaria remains a significant global health problem, mainly due to Plasmodium falciparum, which is responsible for most fatal infections. Infected red blood cells (iRBCs) evade spleen clearance by adhering to endothelial cells (ECs), triggering capillary blockage, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and altered vascular permeability, prompting an endothelial transcriptional response. The iRBC/HBEC-5i model, where iRBCs present IT4var04 (VAR2CSA) on their surface, was used to analyze the effects of iRBC binding on ECs at different temperature (37°C vs.

Predictive Value of SYN-1 Levels for Mortality in Sepsis Patients in the Emergency Department.

Objective: To evaluate and predict adverse outcomes associated with serum Syndecan-1 (SYN-1) levels in patients with early sepsis, and to explore the prognostic risk factors in sepsis and septic shock.

Methods: This retrospective single-center observational study included 168 sepsis patients admitted to the Emergency Department of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Shijingshan Branch, Capital Medical University, from October 2020 to October 2021. Patients were categorized into sepsis (n=114) and septic shock (n=54) groups based on Sepsis 3.

Targeted Delivery of Celastrol by GA-Modified Liposomal Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles to Enhance Antitumor Efficacy Against Breast Cancer.

Background/objectives: Breast cancer, a leading health threat affecting millions worldwide, requires effective therapeutic interventions. Celastrol (CEL), despite its antitumor potential, is limited by poor solubility and stability. This study aimed to enhance CEL's efficacy by encapsulating it within glycyrrhizic acid (GA)-modified lipid calcium carbonate (LCC) nanoparticles for targeted breast cancer therapy.

Health Literacy in Africa-A Scoping Review of Scientific Publications.

Africa's health landscape is rapidly changing, requiring new solutions such as a focus on health literacy. However, there is currently a limited overview of the development and application of health literacy in African countries and societies. This scoping review aims to analyze scientific publications on health literacy in Africa with regards to research approaches, historical developments, geographic origins, target populations and settings, and topical interests.

Targeting PDGF/PDGFR Signaling Pathway by microRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA for Therapy of Vascular Diseases: A Narrow Review.

Despite the significant progress in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, vascular diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and respiratory diseases, still cannot be successfully eliminated. Vascular cells play a key role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. Notably, a variety of cells produce and secrete platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs), which promote mitosis and induce the division, proliferation, and migration of vascular cells including vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), aortic SMCs, endothelial cells, and airway SMCs.