The prognostic value of global longitudinal strain in patients with myocardial infarction and preserved ejection fraction - a prespecified substudy of the REDUCE-AMI trial.

Aims: The REDUCE-AMI trial showed that beta-blockers in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) had no effect on mortality or cardiovascular outcomes. The aim of this substudy was to evaluate whether global longitudinal strain (GLS) is a better prognostic marker than LVEF, and if beta-blockers have a beneficial effect in patients with decreased GLS.

Methods And Results: REDUCE-AMI was a registry-based randomized clinical trial.

Observer- and sequence variability in personalized 4D flow MRI-based cardiovascular models.

Subject-specific parameters in lumped hemodynamic models of the cardiovascular system can be estimated using data from experimental measurements, but the parameter estimation may be hampered by the variability in the input data. In this study, we investigate the influence of inter-sequence, intra-observer, and inter-observer variability in input parameters on estimation of subject-specific model parameters using a previously developed approach for model-based analysis of data from 4D Flow MRI acquisitions and cuff pressure measurements. The investigated parameters describe left ventricular time-varying elastance and aortic compliance.

Pediatric brain tumor classification using deep learning on MR images with age fusion.

Purpose: To implement and evaluate deep learning-based methods for the classification of pediatric brain tumors (PBT) in magnetic resonance (MR) data.

Methods: A subset of the "Children's Brain Tumor Network" dataset was retrospectively used ( = 178 subjects, female = 72, male = 102, NA = 4, age range [0.01, 36.

Early midlife ovarian removal is associated with lower posterior hippocampal function.

Introduction: Women with early bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) have greater Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk than women with spontaneous menopause (SM), but the pathway toward this risk is understudied. Considering associative memory deficits may reflect early signs of AD, we studied how BSO affected brain activity underlying associative memory.

Methods: Early midlife women with BSO (with and without 17β-estradiol therapy [ET]) and age-matched controls (AMCs) with intact ovaries completed a face-name associative memory task during functional magnetic resonance imaging.

A cost-reducing reimbursement programme? Effects of value-based reimbursement on healthcare costs.

Value-based reimbursement programmes have become increasingly common in attempts to bend the cost curve of healthcare without negative effects on quality. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of introducing a value-based reimbursement programme on the cost to third-party payer. We performed a retrospective observational study with a before and after design based on the introduction of a value-based reimbursement programme in Sweden.

Automated bone property analysis using corrected in vivo dental cone-beam CT data of human wrists.

Fracture liaison services are essential to mitigate underdiagnosis and undertreatment of osteoporosis-related fractures. However, it often suffers from limited access to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT equipment. This in vivo study of 21 patients aims to evaluate the feasibility of dental cone beam CT (dCBCT) to analyse bone properties of human wrists, comparing with DXA and finite element (FE) analysis.

The Development and Evaluation of a Convolutional Neural Network for Cutaneous Melanoma Detection in Whole Slide Images.

Context.—: The current melanoma staging system does not account for 26% of the variance seen in melanoma-specific survival, therefore our ability to predict patient outcome is not fully elucidated. Morphology may be of greater significance than in other solid tumors, with Breslow thickness remaining the strongest prognostic indicator despite being subject to high levels of interobserver variation.

Object-based feedback attention in convolutional neural networks improves tumour detection in digital pathology.

Human visual attention allows prior knowledge or expectations to influence visual processing, allocating limited computational resources to only that part of the image that are likely to behaviourally important. Here, we present an image recognition system based on biological vision that guides attention to more informative locations within a larger parent image, using a sequence of saccade-like motions. We demonstrate that at the end of the saccade sequence the system has an improved classification ability compared to the convolutional neural network (CNN) that represents the feedforward part of the model.

Patients follow four clusters of participation in physical exercise after an ACL injury. Results from the NACOX cohort study.

Objectives: To explore how participation in physical exercise (PE) changes over time after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Additionally, to identify factors associated with participation in PE by analyzing longitudinal data.

Design: An explorative analysis of the NACOX study, a prospective multicenter cohort study.

Assessing the impact of deep-learning assistance on the histopathological diagnosis of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) in fallopian tubes.

In recent years, it has become clear that artificial intelligence (AI) models can achieve high accuracy in specific pathology-related tasks. An example is our deep-learning model, designed to automatically detect serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC), the precursor lesion to high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, found in the fallopian tube. However, the standalone performance of a model is insufficient to determine its value in the diagnostic setting.

The spatial overlap between left atrial epicardial adipose tissue and fibrosis is not associated to clinical stage of atrial fibrillation.

Left atrial (LA) epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and wall fibrosis are both proven to contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of atrial fibrillation (AF). The theory of LA wall fibrosis induction by local EAT infiltration, paracrine secretions, and activation of the inflammatory process is strongly advocated, but the imaging evidence for anatomical proximity of the two tissue types and its association to AF stage is lacking. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to analyse the spatial overlap between LA EAT and adjacent wall fibrosis using 3D Dixon water-fat separated late gadolinium enhancement (LGE-Dixon) MRI and correlate the findings with the clinical AF stage.

Diffuse white matter pathology in multiple sclerosis during treatment with dimethyl fumarate-An observational study of changes in normal-appearing white matter using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease with neurodegenerative features causing risk for neurologic irreversible disability over time. Examination of normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) changes in MS by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), may detect diffuse white matter pathology that is associated with neurodegeneration.

Methods: In this observational study of in total twenty-six patients with MS, starting treatment with dimethyl fumarate (DMF), we measured the absolute concentration of metabolites in periventricular NAWM using 1H-MRS at baseline and after one and three years of treatment.

Choice of alcohol over a natural reward: an experimental study in light and heavy social drinkers.

Rationale & Objectives: A core symptom of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a progressively increased choice of alcohol over alternative rewards despite negative consequences. Here, we investigated choice between personalized alcohol vs. natural rewards in a laboratory setting, and compared this behavior between non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers and light social drinkers.

Preoperative Three-Dimensional Planning Using Computed Tomography Improves Screw Placement in Patients Undergoing Acetabular Revision Surgery.

Background: Stable fixation of joint replacement implants is essential to achieve osseointegration in uncemented implants. In acetabular revisions, screws often need to be utilized in quadrants other than the historically so-called "safe" zones to attain sufficient stability. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether preoperative three-dimensional (3D) planning for acetabular revision surgery influences screw length, specifically in the superior pubic ramus (SPR).

Liver transplant recipients have worse metabolic body phenotype compared with matched non-transplant controls.

Background And Aim: Quantification of body compartments, particularly the interaction between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, is emerging as novel a biomarker of metabolic health. The present study evaluated the impact of liver transplant (LT) on body compartments.

Methods: Totally 66 adult LT recipients were enrolled in whom body compartments including visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT), muscle fat infiltration (MFI), fat-free muscle volume (FFMV), and liver fat (LF) were quantified via whole body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Volumetric muscle composition analysis in sporadic inclusion body myositis using fat-referenced magnetic resonance imaging: Disease pattern, repeatability, and natural progression.

Introduction/aims: Fat-referenced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a promising volumetric technique for measuring muscular volume and fat in neuromuscular disorders, but the experience in inflammatory myopathies remains limited. Therefore, this work aimed at describing how sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) manifests on standardized volumetric fat-referenced MRI muscle measurements, including within-scanner repeatability, natural progression rate, and relationship to clinical parameters.

Methods: Ten sIBM patients underwent whole-leg Dixon MRI at baseline (test-retest) and after 12 months.

Poor muscle health and cardiometabolic risks associated with antidepressant treatment.

Objective: This study aims to investigate whether antidepressant users display differences in fat distribution and muscle composition relative to non-users and to explore risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The study used quantitative adipose and muscle tissue measures derived from magnetic resonance imaging data from UK Biobank (N = 40,174). Fat distribution and muscle composition of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) users were compared with sex-, age-, and BMI-matched control individuals.