Growth of the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly and the role of for-profit programs.

The Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) is a managed care program financed by capitated government payments that primarily serves adults aged 55 or older requiring nursing home level of care who are dual-eligible for Medicare and Medicaid. While PACE programs have historically been nonprofit entities, in 2016, a regulation change allowed for-profit PACE programs to help expand the program. We describe PACE program growth from 2010 to 2022.

The sleep for health study: A randomized clinical trial of the impact of insomnia treatment on glycemia in people with prediabetes.

Background: Insomnia is a modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Describe the methodology for the Sleep for Health study, a randomized clinical trial examining the effectiveness of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (dCBT-I) in reducing hyperglycemia in 300 people with both insomnia and prediabetes.

Outcomes: Primary outcome is glucose level 2 h after a 75-g glucose load.

Validation of Lactational Mastitis Diagnosis Codes in Electronic Health Care Data.

Background: Electronic health record (EHR) data are an underused source for lactation-related research. The validity of ICD-10-CM-coded lactational mastitis is unknown.

Methods: We assessed lactational mastitis diagnosis code validity by medical record review.

Variants in cause a novel oculo-vertebral-renal (OVR) syndrome.

Colobomatous microphthalmia is a potentially blinding congenital ocular malformation that can present either in isolation or together with other syndromic features. Despite a strong genetic component to disease, many cases lack a molecular diagnosis. We describe a novel autosomal dominant oculo-vertebral-renal (OVR) syndrome in six independent families characterized by colobomatous microphthalmia, missing vertebrae and congenital kidney abnormalities.

Importance of variables from different time frames for predicting self-harm using health system data.

Objective: Self-harm risk prediction models developed using health system data (electronic health records and insurance claims information) often use patient information from up to several years prior to the index visit when the prediction is made. Measurements from some time periods may not be available for all patients. Using the framework of algorithm-agnostic variable importance, we study the predictive potential of variables corresponding to different time horizons prior to the index visit and demonstrate the application of variable importance techniques in the biomedical informatics setting.

Importance of variables from different time frames for predicting self-harm using health system data.

Objective: Self-harm risk prediction models developed using health system data (electronic health records and insurance claims information) often use patient information from up to several years prior to the index visit when the prediction is made. Measurements from some time periods may not be available for all patients. Using the framework of algorithm-agnostic variable importance, we study the predictive potential of variables corresponding to different time horizons prior to the index visit and demonstrate the application of variable importance techniques in the biomedical informatics setting.

Biallelic Loss-of-Function Variants in UBAP1L and Nonsyndromic Retinal Dystrophies.

Importance: Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) present a challenge in clinical diagnostics due to their pronounced genetic heterogeneity. Despite advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, a substantial portion of the genetic basis underlying IRDs remains elusive. Addressing this gap seems important for gaining insights into the genetic landscape of IRDs, which may help improve diagnosis and prognosis and develop targeted therapies in the future.

Trends in cigarette smoking and the risk of incident cardiovascular disease among Asian American, Pacific Islander, and multiracial populations.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, and rates of CVD incidence vary widely by race and ethnicity. Cigarette smoking is associated with increased risk of CVD. The purpose of the study was: 1) to examine smoking prevalence over time across Asian and Pacific Islander (API) and multi-race API subgroups; 2) to determine whether the CVD risk associated with smoking differed among these subgroups.

Effectiveness of BNT162b2 XBB Vaccine Against XBB and JN.1 Sublineages.

We provide updated results (11 October 2023 through 29 February 2024) from our previously conducted test-negative case-control study in Kaiser Permanente Southern California to evaluate sublineage-specific effectiveness of the BNT162b2 XBB1.5-adapted vaccine. Results suggest that XBB1.

Estimated Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 XBB Vaccine Against COVID-19.

Importance: Data describing the early additional protection afforded by the recently recommended BNT162b2 XBB vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech; 2023-2024 formulation) are limited.

Objective: To estimate the association between receipt of the BNT162b2 XBB vaccine and medically attended COVID-19 outcomes among US adults 18 years and older.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This test-negative case-control study was performed to estimate the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 XBB vaccine against COVID-19-associated hospitalization and emergency department (ED) or urgent care (UC) encounters among adults in the Kaiser Permanente Southern California health system between October 10, 2023, and December 10, 2023.

Substance use and mental health factors associated with self-reported higher risk cannabis use among people with HIV screened in primary care.

Background: While cannabis use is prevalent among people with HIV (PWH), factors associated with higher-risk use require further study. We examined factors associated with indicators risk for cannabis use disorder (CUD) among PWH who used cannabis.

Methods: Participants included adult (≥18 years old) PWH from 3 HIV primary care clinics in Kaiser Permanente Northern California who reported past three-month cannabis use through the computerized Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription medication, and other Substance use (TAPS) screening.

Patient perspectives for improving treatment initiation for new episodes of depression in historically minoritized racial and ethnic groups.

Objective: Depression is one of the costliest and most prevalent health conditions in the U.S. with 21 million adults having experienced at least one major depressive episode.

Youth Caregivers of Adults in the United States: Prevalence and the Association Between Caregiving and Education.

A growing proportion of individuals adopt family caregiving roles. Family caregivers are the primary providers of long-term care in the United States yet limited federal policy supports exist, despite the known negative impacts of caregiving. There is also limited information about the prevalence of youth/young adult caregivers and the impacts of caregiving at formative ages in the United States.

Obesity Disparities Among Adult Single-Race and Multiracial Asian and Pacific Islander Populations.

Importance: Despite increasing numbers of multiracial individuals, they are often excluded in studies or aggregated within larger race and ethnicity groups due to small sample sizes.

Objective: To examine disparities in the prevalence of obesity among single-race and multiracial Asian and Pacific Islander individuals compared with non-Hispanic White (hereafter, White) individuals.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used electronic health record (EHR) data linked to social determinants of health and health behavior data for adult (age ≥18 years) members of 2 large health care systems in California and Hawai'i who had at least 1 ambulatory visit to a primary care practitioner between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2018.

One-step vs 2-step gestational diabetes mellitus screening and pregnancy outcomes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing maternal and neonatal outcomes of patients screened with the 1-step or 2-step screening method for gestational diabetes mellitus.

Data Sources: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, ClinicalTrials.gov, and LILACS were searched from inception up to September 2022.