Using Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES) to examine injury in front vs. rear-seated infants and children involved in a motor vehicle crash in New York State.

Background: In New York State (NYS), motor vehicle (MV) injury to child passengers is a leading cause of hospitalization and emergency department (ED) visits in children aged 0-12 years. NYS laws require appropriate child restraints for ages 0-7 years and safety belts for ages 8 and up while traveling in a private passenger vehicle, but do not specify a seating position.

Methods: Factors associated with injury in front-seated (n = 11,212) compared to rear-seated (n = 93,092) passengers aged 0-12 years were examined by age groups 0-3, 4-7 and 8-12 years using the 2012-2014 NYS Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES).

Medication use and driving patterns in older drivers: preliminary findings from the LongROAD study.

Background: The potential for impaired driving due to medication use can occur at any age, though older adults are more likely to take multiple prescribed medications and experience side effects that may affect driving ability. The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationship between medications and driving safety behaviors.

Methods: Data for this study came from the five-site Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (LongROAD) project.

Association between mothers' postoperative opioid prescriptions and opioid-related events in their children: A population-based cohort study.

Background: Postoperative opioid prescriptions may be associated with risks of unintentional poisoning and drug diversion in other household members. The objective of this study was to explore the association between mothers' postoperative opioid prescriptions and incidence of opioid-related events in their children (aged 1 to 24 years).

Data And Methods: This retrospective cohort study used individually linked administrative health data from Ontario, Canada.

Relevance of medical comorbidities for functional mobility in people with limb loss: retrospective explanatory models for a clinical walking measure and a patient-reported functional outcome.

Objectives: Various modifiable and non-modifiable factors affect functional mobility, but subjective patient-reported and objective performance-based measures are rarely combined in explanatory analyses of functional mobility in people with limb loss. This study determined separate explanatory models for patient-reported function using the Prosthetic Evaluation Questionnaire Mobility Subscale (PEQ-MS), and performance-based 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT).

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional observational analysis.

Prevalence of Potentially Inappropriate Medication use in older drivers.

Background: Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use has been studied in a variety of older adult populations across the world. We sought to examine the prevalence and correlates of PIM use in older drivers.

Methods: We applied the American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria to baseline data collected from the "brown-bag" review of medications for participants of the Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (LongROAD) study to examine the prevalence and correlates of PIM use in a geographically diverse, community-dwelling sample of older drivers (n = 2949).

Cannabis use in older drivers in Colorado: The LongROAD Study.

This study examined cannabis use and driving outcomes among older drivers in Colorado, which has legalized medical and recreational use. The associations of self-reported past-year cannabis use with diverse driving outcomes were assessed in 598 drivers aged 65-79 (51% female, 70% with postsecondary education), using regression analysis to adjust for health and sociodemographic characteristics. Two hundred forty four (40.

Marijuana use in U.S. teen drivers: a comparison of a road-side survey of reported use and fluid tests for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

Background: Although the growth of state-level legalization of marijuana is aimed at increasing availability for adults and the chronically ill, one fear is that this trend may also increase accessibility in younger populations. The objectives of this study are to evaluate marijuana use in teen driver study participants and to compare their survey self-reported use with oral fluid and blood tests for psychoactive metabolites of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

Methods: The National Roadside Survey (NRS) of 2013-2014 was used to examine marijuana use in drivers aged 16-19 years.

Comparative effectiveness of opioid replacement agents for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective(s): To compare short-term treatment outcomes of opioid pharmacotherapy for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS).

Study Design: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and The Cochrane Library were searched from inception through September 30, 2018. Primary outcome was treatment duration (LOT).

Physician and Family Discussions about Driving Safety: Findings from the LongROAD Study.

Background: Older adult drivers may experience decreases in driving safety with age or health status change. Discussing driving safety may help them plan for driving restriction and eventual cessation. Here, we sought to examine conversations between older adults and their family members and physicians.

Importance of Driving and Potential Impact of Driving Cessation for Rural and Urban Older Adults.

Purpose: Analyses compared older drivers from urban, suburban, and rural areas on perceived importance of continuing to drive and potential impact that driving cessation would have on what they want and need to do.

Methods: The AAA LongROAD Study is a prospective study of driving behaviors, patterns, and outcomes of older adults. A cohort of 2,990 women and men 65-79 years of age was recruited during 2015-2017 from health systems or primary care practices near 5 study sites in different parts of the United States.

Using Rural⁻Urban Continuum Codes (RUCCS) to Examine Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Crash Injury and Enforcement in New York State.

Rural areas of New York State (NYS) have higher rates of alcohol-related motor vehicle (MV) crash injury than metropolitan areas. While alcohol-related injury has declined across the three geographic regions of NYS, disparities persist with rural areas having smaller declines. Our study aim was to examine factors associated with alcohol-related MV crashes in Upstate and Long Island using multi-sourced county-level data that included the Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES) with emergency department visits and hospitalizations, traffic citations, demographic, economic, transportation, alcohol outlets, and Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCCS).

Use of Prescription Opioids and Initiation of Fatal 2-Vehicle Crashes.

Importance: The prevalence of prescription opioids detected in fatally injured drivers has increased markedly in the past 2 decades in the United States. It is unclear whether driver use of prescription opioids plays a role in fatal crash causation.

Objective: To assess the association between driver use of prescription opioids and the risk of being culpable of crash initiation in fatal 2-vehicle crashes.

Association between emergency department utilization and the risk of child maltreatment in young children.

Background: This study aims to assess the association between emergency department (ED) utilization and the risk of child maltreatment.

Methods: Using ED discharge data from the California's Office of Statewide Health Planning (OSHPD) and Development for 2008-2013, we performed a nested case-control study to examine the relationship between the frequency of ED visits and child maltreatment diagnosis under 4 years of age among children born in California between 2008 and 2009 who visited the ED.

Results: The study sample consisted of 3772 children diagnosed with child maltreatment (cases) and 7544 children selected by incidence density sampling (controls).

Factors associated with the likelihood of fall-related injury among people with lower limb loss.

Background: People with lower limb loss that live in the community fall at a rate that exceeds that of other vulnerable populations such as hospitalized elderly people. Past research in a small single state study has identified factors associated with fall-related injury. The purpose of this study was to use a larger multistate sample of people with lower limb loss living in community settings to evaluate factors associated with fall-related injury in a multivariable model.

Self-reported health conditions and related driving reduction in older drivers.

We surveyed self-reported lifetime health conditions (using National Health and Aging Trends Study questions) and related driving reduction in a large multi-site older driver cohort (n = 2990) from the AAA Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (LongROAD) Study's baseline assessment. Those reporting reduced driving (n = 337) largely attributed reduction to musculoskeletal (29%), neurologic (13%), and ophthalmologic (10%) conditions. Women reported health condition-related driving reduction more often than men (14% versus 8%, p<.

Impact of Vascular Disease, Amputation Level, and the Mismatch Between Balance Ability and Balance Confidence in a Cross-Sectional Study of the Likelihood of Falls Among People With Limb Loss: Perception Versus Reality.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of balance ability, activities-specific balance confidence, and other self-reported and clinical factors on incidence of falls among people with lower limb loss.

Design: This is a cross-sectional study (N = 305) with multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results: Participants included 68.

Multiple imputation of missing marijuana data in the Fatality Analysis Reporting System using a Bayesian multilevel model.

Background: The Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) provides important data for studying the role of marijuana in motor vehicle crashes. However, marijuana testing data are available for only 34% of drivers in the FARS, which represents a major barrier in the use of the data.

Methods: We developed a multiple imputation (MI) procedure for estimating marijuana positivity among drivers with missing marijuana test results, using a Bayesian multilevel model that allows a nonlinear association with blood alcohol concentrations (BACs), accounts for correlations among drivers in the same states, and includes both individual-level and state-level covariates.

The impact of weather, road surface, time-of-day, and light conditions on severity of bicycle-motor vehicle crash injuries.

Background: This study examined whether environmental variables including weather, road surface, time-of-day, and light conditions were associated with the severity of injuries resulting from bicycle-motor vehicle crashes.

Methods: Using log-binomial regressions, we analyzed 113 470 police reports collected between 2000 and 2014 in four U.S.

Expectations for Return to Work After Workplace Injuries: The Relationship Between Estimated Time to Return to Work and Estimate Accuracy.

Purpose Worker's expectations for return to working have been found to relate to return-to-work (RTW) outcomes; however, it is unclear if this varies depending upon the expected time to RTW. To advance the understanding of the relationship between expectations and RTW, we set out to answer the following research questions: Are shorter estimated times to RTW more accurate than estimates that are longer of duration? In addition, we sought to determine if there was a point in time that coincides with RTW estimates no longer being reliably related to time to RTW. Methods We utilized workers' compensation data from a large, United States-based insurance company.

Characteristics of unintentional drowning deaths in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Background: The reported prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased markedly in the past two decades. Recent research indicates that children with ASD are at a substantially increased risk of injury mortality, particularly from unintentional drowning. The purpose of this study was to explore the circumstances of fatal unintentional drowning incidents involving children with ASD under 15 years of age.

The Power of Academic-Practitioner Collaboration to Enhance Science and Practice Integration: Injury and Violence Prevention Case Studies.

One of the most substantial challenges facing the field of injury and violence prevention is bridging the gap between scientific knowledge and its real-world application to achieve population-level impact. Much synergy is gained when academic and practice communities collaborate; however, a number of barriers prevent better integration of science and practice. This article presents 3 examples of academic-practitioner collaborations, their approaches to working together to address injury and violence issues, and emerging indications of the impact on integrating research and practice.

Increasing Prescription Opioid and Heroin Overdose Mortality in the United States, 1999-2014: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis.

Objectives: To assess cohort effects in prescription opioid and heroin overdose mortality in the United States.

Methods: Using the National Center for Health Statistics' multiple-cause-of-death file for 1999 to 2014, we performed an age-period-cohort analysis of drug overdose mortality in the United States.

Results: Compared with those born in 1977 and 1978, individuals born between 1947 and 1964 experienced excess risks of prescription opioid overdose death (e.