Antifungal activity of essential oils and their potential synergistic effect with amphotericin B.

Candida albicans is a common opportunistic pathogen, causing infections ranging from superficial to bloodstream infections. The limited antifungal options and rising drug resistance challenge clinical treatment. We screened 98 essential oils and identified 48 with antifungal activity against Candida albicans at 1% concentration, determining their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC).

[Prediction of the course of antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by based on clinical and laboratory characteristics of the disease].

Background: The most severe complications of antibiotic use are clostridial infection (CDI) and pseudomembranous colitis (PMC). There is a need for further study of these conditions and identification of their triggers.

Aim: To identify risk factors for severe forms of antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by .

Estimating effective reproduction numbers using wastewater data from multiple sewersheds for SARS-CoV-2 in California counties.

The effective reproduction number serves as a metric of population-wide, time-varying disease spread. During the early years of the COVID-19 pandemic, this metric was primarily derived from case data, which has varied in quality and representativeness due to changes in testing volume, test-seeking behavior, and resource constraints. Deriving nowcasting estimates from alternative data sources such as wastewater provides complementary information that could inform future public health responses.

Yield of clinical metagenomics: insights from real-world practice for tissue infections.

Background: While metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has been acknowledged as a valuable diagnostic tool for infections, its clinical validity and impact on patient management when using fresh tissue samples remains uncertain.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study involving patients who underwent tissue mNGS at a tertiary hospital in China from February 2021 to February 2024, aiming to assess its ability to detect plausible pathogens and its clinical validity and impact.

Findings: A total of 520 mNGS results from 508 patients were analysed, detecting plausible pathogens in 302 (58.

The Prevalence of Low-level Viraemia and Its Association with Virological Failure in People Living With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Low-level viraemia (LLV) following antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV (PLWH) has not received sufficient attention. To the determine the prevalence of LLV and its association with virological failure (VF), we systematically reviewed evidence-based interventions for PLWH. We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to 22 May 2024.

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of ammonia-producing microorganisms in the lungs of patients with severe pneumonia: a multicentre cohort study.

Background: Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, and Mycoplasma hominis were widely known as ammonia-producing microorganisms and can cause hyperammonemia, leading to cerebral edema and altered consciousness, which represent serious complications in lung transplant recipients. However, there is limited knowledge on the epidemiology and outcomes of infections caused by U. urealyticum, U.

Surveillance of public health pathogens in Lagos wastewater canals: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is already being adopted for the surveillance of health conditions of communities and shows great potential for the monitoring of infectious pathogens of public health importance. There is however paucity of robust data to support extensive WBE in Nigeria. This study evaluated the prevalence of clinically relevant infectious pathogens and provided antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacteria pathogens in wastewater canals in Lagos State at a single point in time.

PICC management for bladder tumor patient with toxic epidermal necrolysis: A crisis intervention case report.

Crisis intervention is crucial in managing acute medical crises to improve outcomes. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN), a severe skin reaction often triggered by drug exposure, poses challenges, especially in chemotherapy patients. Evidence on nursing care for TEN patients with Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) retention during chemotherapy is limited.

The host gene regulates HBV replication via HBV PRE-induced nuclear export.

The persistent global burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has prompted ongoing investigations into host determinants of viral control. In this study, we investigate the regulatory influence of the host gene cleavage stimulation factor subunit 2 (CSTF2) on HBV replication dynamics. We demonstrate differential CSTF2 expression across the spectrum of HBV infection phases, with upregulated expression noted during the immune-reactive and inactive carrier states compared with the immune-tolerant phase.

Memory stem CD8T cells in HIV/Mtb mono- and co-infection: characteristics, implications, and clinical significance.

Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and () co-infection presents a significant public health challenge worldwide. Comprehensive assessment of the immune response in HIV/ co-infection is complex and challenging. CD8T cells play a pivotal role in the adaptive immune response to both HIV and .

Global, regional, and national burden of HIV and tuberculosis and predictions by Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.

Objective: To assess sex, age, regional differences, and the changing trend in human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis (HIV-TB) in different regions from 1990 to 2021, and project future trends.

Methods: Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 data were analyzed to assess HIV-TB incidence, death, prevalence, and DALY rates from 1990 to 2021, including different types of TB co-infections (drug-susceptible, multidrug-resistant, and extensively drug-resistant). Bayesian age-period-cohort models were used to forecast age-standardized DALY rates through 2035.

Pericardial Abscess Due to Salmonella Typhi Infection.

Typhoid fever is a human-specific disease caused by subspecies of Salmonella enterica (Salmonella Typhi). It spreads through ingestion of contaminated food or water and is diagnosed through blood culture or bone marrow culture. It typically presents as an intestinal infection, with a few patients developing severe disseminated infections.

Embedded Ethics in Practice: A Toolbox for Integrating the Analysis of Ethical and Social Issues into Healthcare AI Research.

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into critical domains such as healthcare holds immense promise. Nevertheless, significant challenges must be addressed to avoid harm, promote the well-being of individuals and societies, and ensure ethically sound and socially just technology development. Innovative approaches like Embedded Ethics, which refers to integrating ethics and social science into technology development based on interdisciplinary collaboration, are emerging to address issues of bias, transparency, misrepresentation, and more.

Glucose-Responsive Insulin Delivery via Surface-Functionalized Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: A Promising Theragnostic against Diabetes Mellitus.

Glucose-dependent insulin delivery systems have been recognized as a promising approach for controlling blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). Recently, titanium dioxide nanoparticles have garnered huge attention in scientific research for their small size and effective drug delivery capabilities. In this study, we developed alizarin (AL)-capped phenylboronic acid (PBA)-functionalized titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO) for glucose-sensitive insulin delivery (TiO-PBA-INS-AL) aiming to manage both blood sugar levels and its associated organ pathology in DM.

Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)for next-generation biosensing and imaging: A review.

Luminescence technology is a powerful analytical tool for biomedical research as well as for marker detection. Luminescent materials with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties have attracted extensive research interest, and their unique luminescence characteristics, biocompatibility, and sensitivity make them useful for the development of fluorescence-turn-on biosensors with superior sensitivity. While numerous reviews have focused on the design of AIEgens, comprehensive summaries on the strategies for biosensor preparation and application fields remain limited.

Booster COVID-19 mRNA vaccination ameliorates impaired B-cell but not T-cell responses in older adults.

Age-associated differences in the effect of repetitive vaccination, particularly on memory T-cell and B-cell responses, remain unclear. While older adults (aged ≥65 years) exhibited enhanced IgG responses following COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccination, they produced fewer spike-specific circulating follicular helper T cells-1 than younger adults. Similarly, the cytotoxic CD8 T-cell response remained diminished with reduced PD-1 expression even after booster vaccination compared with that in younger adults, suggesting impaired memory T-cell activation in older adults.

Did organs precede organisms in the origin of life?

Evolutionary processes acting on populations of organized molecules preceded the origin of living organisms. These prebiotic entities were independently and repeatedly produced [i.e.

The prebiotic potential of dietary onion extracts: shaping gut microbial structures and promoting beneficial metabolites.

Onions are well-known vegetables that offer various health benefits. This study explores the impact of onion extracts on gut microbiome using an fecal incubation model and metabolome analysis. Fecal samples were collected from 19 healthy donors and incubated in the presence or absence of onion extracts for 24 h.

Intelligent bacteria-targeting ZIF-8 composite for fluorescence imaging-guided photodynamic therapy of drug-resistant superbug infections and burn wound healing.

Infected burn wounds are characterized by persistent drug-resistant bacterial infection coupled with an inflammatory response, impeding the wound-healing process. In this study, an intelligent nanoparticle system (CCM+TTD@ZIF-8 NPs) was prepared using curcumin (CCM), an aggregation-induced emission luminogens (TTD), and ZIF-8 for infection-induced wound healing. The CCM+TTD@ZIF-8 NPs showed multiple functions, including bacteria targeting, fluorescence imaging and pH response-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT), and anti-inflammatory.

Linking multiple serological assays to infer dengue virus infections from paired samples using mixture models.

Dengue virus (DENV) is an increasingly important human pathogen, with already half of the globe's population living in environments with transmission potential. Since only a minority of cases are captured by direct detection methods (RT-PCR or antigen tests), serological assays play an important role in the diagnostic process. However, individual assays can suffer from low sensitivity and specificity and interpreting results from multiple assays remains challenging, particularly because interpretations from multiple assays may differ, creating uncertainty over how to generate finalized interpretations.