Unraveling distinct patterns of metagenomic surveillance and respiratory microbiota between two P1 genotypes of .

To unravel distinct pattern of metagenomic surveillance and respiratory microbiota between () P1-1 and P1-2 and to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on epidemiological features, we conducted a multicenter retrospective study which spanned 90,886 pneumonia patients, among which 3,164 cases were identified. Our findings revealed a concurrent outbreak of , with the positivity rate rising sharply to 9.62% from July 2023, compared to the 0.

Discordance of 3rd and 4th generation QuantiFERON-TB Gold assays by pregnancy stages in India.

Background: Pregnancy and HIV affect CD4+ T lymphocytes and impact performance of QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT). We compared the results of QFT with QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus), which also measures CD8+ responses to TB antigens, during pregnancy and postpartum.

Methods: We screened 516 pregnant women for TB infection (TBI) with IGRA.

The glamor of and insights regarding hydrotherapy, from simple immersion to advanced computer-assisted exercises: A narrative review.

Water-based therapy has been gaining attention in recent years and is being widely used in clinical settings. Hydrotherapy is the most important area of water-based therapy, and it has distinct advantages and characteristics compared to conventional land-based exercises. Several new techniques and pieces of equipment are currently emerging with advances in computer technologies.

Single immunization with genetically attenuated Pf∆mei2 (GA2) parasites by mosquito bite in controlled human malaria infection: a placebo-controlled randomized trial.

Malaria vaccines consisting of metabolically active Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites can offer improved protection compared with currently deployed subunit vaccines. In a previous study, we demonstrated the superior protective efficacy of a three-dose regimen of late-arresting genetically attenuated parasites administered by mosquito bite (GA2-MB) compared with early-arresting counterparts (GA1-MB) against a homologous controlled human malaria infection. Encouraged by these results, we explored the potency of a single GA2-MB immunization in a placebo-controlled randomized trial.

Digital competency among pediatric healthcare workers and students: a questionnaire survey.

Background: Digital technologies play an important role in improving the quality of healthcare services, however, many healthcare workers and students do not recognize this and have low levels of digital competencies and skills. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate digital perceptions and competencies among medical students in pediatrics and pediatric healthcare workers in China.

Methods: A questionnaire on digital competency was designed.

Social Media Recruitment as a Potential Trigger for Vulnerability: Multistakeholder Interview Study.

Background: More clinical studies use social media to increase recruitment accrual. However, empirical analyses focusing on the ethical aspects pertinent when targeting patients with vulnerable characteristics are lacking.

Objective: This study aims to explore expert and patient perspectives on vulnerability in the context of social media recruitment and seeks to explore how social media can reduce or amplify vulnerabilities.

Seroprevalence of measles antibody among immigrants in Gwangju, South Korea.

Introduction: Measles remains a public health concern, particularly among populations with suboptimal vaccination coverage, including immigrants. Understanding the seroprevalence of measles antibodies in immigrant populations is essential to inform tailored vaccination strategies and reduce the risk of measles reintroduction.

Methods: This study evaluated measles IgG seroprevalence among 651 immigrants from 30 countries residing in Gwangju, South Korea.

Garlic-Derived Quorum Sensing Inhibitors: A Novel Strategy Against Fungal Resistance.

In recent years, the incidence of fungal infections has been rising annually, especially among immunocompromised populations, posing a significant challenge to public health. Although antifungal medications provide some relief, the escalating problem of resistance sharply curtails their effectiveness, presenting an urgent clinical dilemma that demands immediate attention. Research has shown that fungal resistance is closely related to quorum sensing (QS), and QS inhibitors (QSIs) are considered an effective solution to this issue.

Patterns of liver fibrosis evolution in Chinese HIV/HBV co-infected adults following 5-year antiretroviral treatment: a longitudinal study using non-invasive APRI and Fib-4 scores.

The long-term effects of combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) on liver fibrosis patterns in adults living with HIV and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) are not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the trajectories of liver fibrosis and identify the associations of baseline variables with different patterns of liver fibrosis evolution. A total of 333 individuals with HIV/HBV co-infection and undergoing long-term ART were enrolled in this study.

Manganese is a potent inducer of lysosomal activity that inhibits de novo HBV infection.

Sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) has been identified as an entry receptor for hepatitis B virus (HBV), but the molecular events of the viral post-endocytosis steps remain obscure. In this study, we discovered that manganese (Mn) could strongly inhibit HBV infection in NTCP-reconstituted HepG2 cells without affecting viral replication. We therefore profiled the antiviral effects of Mn2+ in an attempt to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms involved in early HBV infection.

Rifampicin and isoniazid resistance not promote fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium smegmatis.

Background: The emergence of drug-resistant Tuberculosis (TB) has made treatment challenging. Although fluoroquinolones (FQs) are used as key drugs in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), the problem of FQs resistance is becoming increasingly serious. Rifampicin (RIF) resistance is considered a risk factor for FQs resistance.

Community-Acquired Human Bocavirus Infection in an Immunocompetent Adult.

Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is a recognized pathogen in respiratory infections among children; however, its prevalence and clinical implications in immunocompetent adults are unclear. We present a case of HBoV1 infection in a 61-year-old immunocompetent female patient with myositis, leading to respiratory failure. The involvement of respiratory muscles rather than lung parenchyma was observed.

Predictive Role and Clinical Value of Serum Cytokines in COVID-19.

Objective: are clinically relevant for severity prediction and treatment of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to demonstrate the potential cytokines for severity prediction in the five days after symptom onset and describe the importance of serum cytokine levels for patients with different disease severity.

Materials And Methods: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients and healthy control participants were recruited, and serial sera were collected from COVID-19 patients.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-coated silver nanoparticles accelerate antimicrobial potentials by targeting amphiphilic membranes.

Compelling concerns about antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens call for novel strategies to address these challenges. Nanoparticles show promising antimicrobial activities; however, their actions are hindered primarily by the bacterial hydrophilic-hydrophobic barrier. To overcome this, we developed a method of electrochemically anchoring sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) coatings onto silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), resulting in improved antimicrobial potency.

Follicular cytotoxic T cells is dysfunctional in chronic hepatitis B patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background & Aims: Given the impact of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on T cell activation and proliferation functions, we aim to explore the heterogeneity of follicular cytotoxic T (Tfc) cells in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with NAFLD.

Methods: 32 healthy controls (HCs), 36 treatment-naïve CHB patients, and 19 treatment-naïve CHB + NAFLD patients were recruited. We employed multicolor flow cytometry to assess the exhausted phenotype and functionality of Tfc cells.

Mpox Recrudescence after SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection in a Patient with AIDS.

People living with HIV (PLWH) are known to exhibit more severe or prolonged symptoms of mpox (formerly monkeypox). However, the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on PLWH with mpox has not been adequately described. We report a case of mpox in an AIDS patient who had recurrent symptoms due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Post-COVID-19 Condition and Pulmonary Embolism.

Purpose: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including pulmonary vasculopathy, increasing thrombotic risk. Screening and treating survivors are essential to reduce associated disabilities. We aim to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with post-COVID-19 condition and pulmonary embolism, as well as their health-related quality of life one year after COVID-19 diagnosis.

Clonal GZMKCD8 T cells are identified as a hallmark of the pathogenesis of cGVHD-induced bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Background: Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is one of the most devastating outcomes of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). This remains an area of unmet clinical need for optimal therapy for BOS patients partly due to the limited understanding of pathogenic mechanisms.

Methods: We collected blood samples from 22 patients with cGVHD and 11 patients without cGVHD following allo-HSCT.

Parasitic infections during pregnancy in Gabon affect glycosylation patterns of maternal and child antibodies.

Antibody glycosylation patterns can affect antibody functionality and thereby contribute to protection against invading pathogens. During pregnancy, maternal antibodies can be transferred through the placenta and contribute to modulating both the mother's and her child's immune responses. Although several studies of IgG glycosylation during pregnancy have been carried out, very few cohorts studied were from sub-Saharan Africa, where exposure to microorganisms and parasites is high.

An adenosine analog shows high antiviral potency against coronavirus and arenavirus mainly through an unusual base pairing mode.

By targeting the essential viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), nucleoside analogs (NAs) have exhibited great potential in antiviral therapy for RNA virus-related diseases. However, most ribose-modified NAs do not present broad-spectrum features, likely due to differences in ribose-RdRP interactions across virus families. Here, we show that HNC-1664, an adenosine analog with modifications both in ribose and base, has broad-spectrum antiviral activity against positive-strand coronaviruses and negative-strand arenaviruses.