Salivary cortisol is not associated with dexamethasone response in preterm infants with evolving bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Objective: Short-term treatment efficacy of systemic dexamethasone (DEX) in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is highly variable. Our objective was to assess if salivary cortisol may serve as a reliable biomarker of steroid response.

Study Design: Multi-site prospective observational cohort study.

Surfactant treatment at birth in a contemporary cohort of preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Objective: Initial surfactant studies demonstrated improvements in survival and need for respiratory support. However, as the use of non-invasive respiratory support has increased the use of surfactant has decreased. We examined in a contemporary cohort of BPD patients if surfactant use was associated with BPD severity.

Corticosteroid response predicts bronchopulmonary dysplasia status at 36 weeks in preterm infants treated with dexamethasone: A pilot study.

Importance: A major barrier to therapeutic development in neonates is a lack of standardized drug response measures that can be used as clinical trial endpoints. The ability to quantify treatment response in a way that aligns with relevant downstream outcomes may be useful as a surrogate marker for new therapies, such as those for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Objective: To construct a measure of clinical response to dexamethasone that was well aligned with the incidence of severe BPD or death at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age.

Effectiveness and safety of repeat dexamethasone for bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Objective: To describe effectiveness of repeat dexamethasone for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and to evaluate adverse effects on growth.

Study Design: Retrospective study of infants treated with 1 or 2 courses of dexamethasone for BPD. Effectiveness was defined as successful step-down in respiratory support by end of treatment.

Extended course of prednisolone in infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Background: There are few published data on the efficacy and safety of prednisolone in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Aims: To describe the use of chronic prednisolone therapy in a population of infants with severe BPD, examine potential benefits on respiratory status, and document potential effects on growth.

Study Design: Single-center retrospective cohort study.

Timing of postnatal corticosteroid treatment for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and its effect on outcomes.

Objective: To determine the association of timing of steroid therapy for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of preterm infants treated with low-dose dexamethasone for BPD. Infants treated with steroids at day of life (DOL) 14-28 (moderately late group) were compared to infants treated at DOL 29-42 (delayed group).

Clinical Outcomes among Diagnostic Subgroups of Infants with Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia through 2 Years of Age.

Objective: This article aimed to identify readmission risk factors through 2 years of life for infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) who do not require tracheostomy and ventilatory support after neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge. It also aimed to identify if clinical differences exist between the subcategories of severe BPD.

Study Design: A retrospective chart review was performed on 182 infants with severe BPD born between 2010 and 2015.

Usefulness of an Online Risk Estimator for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Predicting Corticosteroid Treatment in Infants Born Preterm.

Objective: To assess the usefulness of a bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) outcome estimator developed by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) in identifying high-risk preterm infants treated with steroids.

Study Design: This was a single-center retrospective study of infants born ≤30 weeks of gestational age. The NICHD BPD outcome estimator was used to retrospectively calculate BPD risk at various postnatal ages.

Factors leading to rehospitalization for tracheostomized and ventilator-dependent infants through 2 years of age.

Objective: To identify factors leading to readmission for tracheostomized, ventilator-dependent infants <2 years of age.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study of 117 tracheostomized, ventilator-dependent infants followed through 2 years of age.

Results: Home ventilator use (at hospital discharge, 6 and 12 months of age), inhaled steroid use (at 12 and 24 months of age), oxygen dependence (at 6 and 12 months of age) and tracheostomy (at discharge, 6 and 12 months of age) were increased risks for rehospitalization.

Inter-center variation in death or tracheostomy placement in infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Objective: To estimate the presence and sources of inter-center variation (ICV) in the risk of death or tracheostomy placement (D/T) among infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (sBPD)Study design:We analyzed the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Database between 2010 and 2013 to identify referred infants born <32 weeks' gestation with sBPD. The association between center and the primary outcome of D/T was analyzed by multivariable modeling. Hypothesized diagnoses/practices were included to determine if these explained any observed ICV in D/T.

A comparison of 7-day versus 10-day course of low-dose dexamethasone for chronically ventilated preterm infants.

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the effect of two different dexamethasone regimens on respiratory outcomes of ventilator-dependent preterm infants.

Study Design: Retrospective study of ventilated preterm infants <29 weeks gestational age treated with either 7-day or 10-day dexamethasone course. Primary outcome was days to successful extubation.

Inhaled nitric oxide usage in preterm infants in the NICHD Neonatal Research Network: inter-site variation and propensity evaluation.

Objective: The use of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in preterm infants remains controversial. In October 2010, a National Institutes of Health consensus development conference cautioned against use of iNO in preterm infants. This study aims (1) to determine the prevalence and variability in use of iNO in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network (NICHD NRN) before and after the consensus conference and (2) separately, to examine associations between iNO use and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death.

Impaired growth at birth and bronchopulmonary dysplasia classification: beyond small for gestational age.

Objective: To correlate intrauterine and postnatal growth with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) classification at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA).

Study Design: A retrospective cohort design reviewing medical records for infants < 29 weeks gestational age (GA) born between 2008 and 2010. BPD classification using physiological definition at 36 weeks PMA and growth parameters at birth and 36 weeks PMA were compared between GA subgroups.

Impact of intercurrent respiratory infections on lung health in infants born <29 weeks with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Objective: Assess the impact of intercurrent respiratory infections in infants <29 weeks gestational age (GA).

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study of 111 infants born <29 weeks GA, controlling for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) severity and assessing pulmonary health over the first year of life through oxygen, diuretic and inhaled steroid use.

Result: Regression analysis showed viral infections increased oxygen use (odds ratio (OR) of 15.

Infants born at <29 weeks: pulmonary outcomes from a hybrid perinatal system.

Objective: To assess pulmonary outcomes of infants <29 weeks gestational age (GA), delivered at level I, II and III facilities, to identify potentially modifiable factors affecting bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) severity and to assess the external generalizability of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) BPD Outcome Estimator.

Study Design: Outcomes for infants <29 weeks GA born during (2008-2010) and delivered either at an inborn level III center or in a level II or III metropolitan area hospital with transfer to a level IV center, or delivered in a distant level I or II center and then transported to a level IV center were assessed. BPD severity was compared with the NICHD Neonatal BPD Outcome Estimator.