Surgical and Pathological Results Following Neoadjuvant Nivolumab and Platinum-Based Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Resectable NSCLC: A Multicentre Real-World Series From England.

Background: To evaluate the real-world surgical and pathological outcomes following neoadjuvant nivolumab in combination with chemotherapy in a multicentre national cohort of patients.

Methods: Retrospective analysis on consecutive patients treated in three tertiary referral hospitals in UK with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy (nivolumab) for stage II-IIIB nonsmall cell lung cancer (March 2023-May 2024). Surgical and pathological outcomes were assessed.

Adaptation of clinical bacteriology techniques for remote polar research.

Unlabelled: Remote polar regions offer unique opportunities and significant challenges for antimicrobial resistance research in a near-pristine environment. While core microbiology techniques continue to have an important role in supporting environmental research, the severe cold climate presents considerable challenges to laboratory research. We explore adaptations required for core bacteriology investigations in polar regions on an unsupported remote expedition c.

The Relationship Between the Neighbourhood Environment and Mental Health: Integrating Subjective and Objective Perspectives.

Aims: To explore the relationship between neighbourhood environments and mental health by integrating subjective and objective perspectives.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Methods: From September 2023 to January 2024, adult residents at the physical examination centers of two public hospitals in China completed measurements of subjective neighbourhood environment, depressive and anxiety symptoms, psychological stress, and socio-demographic characteristics.

Development and Evaluation of an Automated Multimodal Mobile Detection of Oral Cancer (mDOC) Imaging System to Aid in Risk-based Management of Oral Mucosal Lesions.

Oral cancer is a major global health problem. It is commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage although often preceded by clinically visible oral mucosal lesions, termed oral potentially malignant disorders associated with an increased risk for oral cancer development. There is an unmet clinical need for effective screening tools to assist front-line healthcare providers to determine which patients should be referred to an oral cancer specialist for evaluation.

Artificial intelligence in clinical settings: a systematic review of its role in language translation and interpretation.

Background: Addressing language barriers through accurate interpretation is crucial for providing quality care and establishing trust. While the ability of artificial intelligence (AI) to translate medical documentation has been studied, its role for patient-provider communication is less explored. This review evaluates AI's effectiveness in clinical translation by assessing accuracy, usability, satisfaction, and feedback on its use.

Multi-omic insights into molecular mechanism and therapeutic targets in spinocerebellar ataxia type 7.

Recent advances in molecular science have significantly enlightened our mechanistic understanding of spinocerebellar ataxia type 7. To further close remaining gaps, we performed a multi-omics analysis using SCA7 mice. Entire brain tissue samples were collected from 12-week-old mice, and RNA sequencing, methylation analysis, and proteomic analysis were performed.

Novel anticoagulation therapy using apple watch after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation-Up to AF trial: Design and rationale.

Background: Continuous anticoagulation based on the CHA2DS2-VASc score is recommended to prevent embolism caused by atrial fibrillation (AF), but it does not consider AF episodes. The Apple Watch's continuous heart rhythm monitoring and fast-acting direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) could enable precise, episode-tailored anticoagulation, reducing bleeding risks while preventing stroke. This study evaluates Apple Watch-guided personalized anticoagulation therapy, adjusting DOAC usage based on real-time AF detection.

Lessons learned from 5 years of pegvaliase in US clinics: A case series.

Objective: To provide insights and strategies for pegvaliase management in challenging cases with phenylketonuria (PKU) based on the first 5 years of experience with pegvaliase in real-world clinical practice.

Methods: Twelve PKU experts gathered during a one-day, in-person meeting to discuss clinical cases illustrating important lessons from their experiences treating patients with pegvaliase in real-world clinical practice. Challenges with pegvaliase experienced prior to and during treatment and corresponding strategies to overcome them were discussed.

Selinexor (KPT-330) in Combination with Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Uveal Melanoma: A Phase 1B Trial.

Introduction: Uveal melanoma remains a disease with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis despite advances in clinical management. Because monotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors has led to limited improvement in response rates, combination with other agents that act on the biological basis of oncogenesis has been proposed as a possible therapeutic strategy.

Methods: We designed a phase 1b trial to test the safety and tolerability of selinexor in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced uveal melanoma.

From innovation to clinic: Emerging strategies harnessing electrically conductive polymers to enhance electrically stimulated peripheral nerve repair.

Peripheral nerve repair (PNR) is a major healthcare challenge due to the limited regenerative capacity of the nervous system, often leading to severe functional impairments. While nerve autografts are the gold standard, their implications are constrained by issues such as donor site morbidity and limited availability, necessitating innovative alternatives like nerve guidance conduits (NGCs). However, the inherently slow nerve growth rate (∼1 mm/day) and prolonged neuroinflammation, delay recovery even with the use of passive (no-conductive) NGCs, resulting in muscle atrophy and loss of locomotor function.

Metabolomic characterisation of the glioblastoma invasive margin reveals a region-specific signature.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type glioblastoma (GBM) is characterised by a heterogeneous genetic landscape resulting from dynamic competition between tumour subclones to survive selective pressures. Improvements in metabolite identification and metabolome coverage have led to increased interest in clinically relevant applications of metabolomics. Here, we use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gene expression microarray to profile integrated intratumour metabolic heterogeneity, as a direct functional readout of adaptive responses of subclones to the tumour microenvironment.

Latest Advancements in Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Electronic Muscle Stimulation (EMS): Revisiting an Established Therapy with New Possibilities.

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Electronic Muscle Stimulation (EMS) are non-invasive therapies widely used for pain relief and neuromuscular adaptation. However, the clinical research supporting the efficacy of TENS in chronic pain management is limited by significant methodological flaws, including small sample sizes and inconsistent reporting of stimulation parameters. TENS modulates pain perception through various techniques, targeting specific nerve fibers and pain pathways.

The Future Hospital in Global Health Systems: The Future Hospital Within the Healthcare System.

Future hospitals must be able to adapt in many ways to the changing demands on their roles and functions within evolving healthcare delivery infrastructures. These include changing population structures and needs, new models of healthcare provision, technological advances, and innovations in design, all while enhancing their environmental sustainability. This article sets out the issues that those determining healthcare policy and designing future hospitals must consider if they are to become and remain fit for purpose within the wider health and social care system.

Validation of an acute kidney injury prediction model as a clinical decision support system.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical clinical condition that requires immediate intervention. We developed an artificial intelligence (AI) model called PRIME Solution to predict AKI and evaluated its ability to enhance clinicians' predictions.

Methods: The PRIME Solution was developed using convolutional neural networks with residual blocks on 183,221 inpatient admissions from a tertiary hospital (2013-2017) and externally validated with 4,501 admissions at another tertiary hospital (2020-2021).

Adapting self-measured blood pressure monitoring to reduce health disparities (ASPIRE): a pilot hybrid effectiveness‑implementation study protocol.

Background: Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite advances in blood pressure management, significant racial and ethnic disparities persist, resulting in higher risks of stroke, heart disease, and mortality among non-White populations. Self-measured blood pressure (SMBP) monitoring, also known as home blood pressure monitoring, has shown promise in improving blood pressure control, especially when combined with feedback from healthcare providers.

Refinement of a meaning-centered counseling program for Chinese patients with advanced cancer: integrating cultural adaptation and implementation science approaches.

Background: This mixed methods study identified needed refinements to a telehealth-delivered cultural and linguistic adaptation of Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy for Chinese patients with advanced cancer (MCP-Ch) to enhance acceptability, comprehensibility, and implementation of the intervention in usual care settings, guided by the Ecological Validity Model (EVM) and the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM).

Methods: Fifteen purposively sampled mental health professionals who work with Chinese cancer patients completed surveys providing Likert-scale ratings on acceptability and comprehensibility of MCP-Ch content (guided by the EVM) and pre-implementation factors (guided by PRISM), followed by semi-structured interviews. Survey data were descriptively summarized and linked to qualitative interview data.

SIRT2 and ALDH1A1 as critical enzymes for astrocytic GABA production in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with drastically altered astrocytic metabolism. Astrocytic GABA and HO are associated with memory impairment in AD and synthesized through the Monoamine Oxidase B (MAOB)-mediated multi-step degradation of putrescine. However, the enzymes downstream to MAOB in this pathway remain unidentified.

The meaning of trust along the treatment pathway of women with breast cancer: a mixed-methods study among cancer survivors.

Purpose: Women with breast cancer face a high degree of uncertainty. Trust between health providers and patients has been shown to improve patient quality of life and may enhance clinical outcomes. This study aimed to explore the meaning of trust along the treatment pathway.

Preterm preeclampsia screening and prevention: a comprehensive approach to implementation in a real-world setting.

Background: Preeclampsia significantly impacts maternal and perinatal health. Early screening using advanced models and primary prevention with low-dose acetylsalicylic acid for high-risk populations is crucial to reduce the disease's incidence. This study assesses the feasibility of implementing preterm preeclampsia screening and prevention by leveraging information from our current aneuploidy screening program in a real-world setting with geographic separation clinical site and laboratory analysis site.

Ethical considerations regarding the treatment of extremely preterm infants at the limit of viability: a comprehensive review.

Advancements in perinatal care have improved survival rates of extremely preterm infants born at 22 to 23 weeks of gestation, thus introducing new ethical challenges associated with their treatment. Therefore, we reviewed the epidemiological prognosis, treatment evolution, and ethical considerations associated with the care of preterm infants at the limit of viability. We comprehensively searched PubMed to find relevant English-language articles published between January 2014 and July 2024.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of eribulin versus dacarbazine in patients with advanced liposarcoma.

A subgroup analysis of a randomized study demonstrated that patients with advanced or metastatic liposarcoma treated with eribulin had longer overall survival and progression-free survival compared to those treated with dacarbazine, suggesting eribulin as a therapeutic option for advanced liposarcoma. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of eribulin versus dacarbazine in the treatment of advanced liposarcoma. We established a 10-year Markov model to compare the cost-effectiveness of eribulin and dacarbazine regimens.

Performance of Four AI Chatbots in Answering Endodontic Questions.

Introduction: Artificial intelligence models have shown potential as educational tools in healthcare, such as answering exam questions. This study aimed to assess the performance of four prominent chatbots: ChatGPT-4o, MedGebra GPT4o, Meta LIama 3, and Gemini Advanced in answering multiple-choice questions (MCQs) in endodontics.

Methods: The study utilized 100 MCQs each with 4 potential answers.

Hospital Level of Service, Rural-Urban Location, and Neonatal Resuscitation Interventions: A Population Study in Alberta Canada from 2000-2020.

Background And Objectives: Advanced neonatal resuscitation interventions (ANRIs) are rarely performed for late preterm and term infants. However, healthcare providers in community hospitals may need to perform ANRIs, while having limited experience and resources. Understanding practice differences between hospitals of different levels of service (LoS) and rural/urban location may inform quality improvement.

Axially multifocal metalens for 3D volumetric photoacoustic imaging of neuromelanin in live brain organoid.

Optical resolution photoacoustic imaging of uneven samples without z-scanning is transformative for the fast analysis and diagnosis of diseases. However, current approaches to elongate the depth of field (DOF) typically imply cumbersome postprocessing procedures, bulky optical element ensembles, or substantial excitation beam side lobes. Metasurface technology allows for the phase modulation of light and the miniaturization of imaging systems to wavelength-size thickness.

Restorative Neurostimulation Therapy Compared to Optimal Medical Management: A Randomized Evaluation (RESTORE) for the Treatment of Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain due to Multifidus Dysfunction.

Introduction: Many interventional strategies are commonly used to treat chronic low back pain (CLBP), though few are specifically intended to target the distinct underlying pathomechanisms causing low back pain. Restorative neurostimulation has been suggested as a specific treatment for mechanical CLBP resulting from multifidus dysfunction. In this randomized controlled trial, we report outcomes from a cohort of patients with CLBP associated with multifidus dysfunction treated with restorative neurostimulation compared to those randomized to a control group receiving optimal medical management (OMM) over 1 year.