Genome sequences of producing isolated from immunocompromised patients in India.

Among the species within complex, has not been frequently isolated from clinical settings, unlike , which is an important nosocomial pathogen. We report the genomic sequences of strains (PKAL1732 and 1828C) harboring multiple-resistance determinants including metallo-β-lactamase ( ) isolated from immunocompromised patients admitted to a referral hospital in India.

Can lung airway geometry be used to predict autism? A preliminary machine learning-based study.

The goal of this study is to assess the feasibility of airway geometry as a biomarker for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Chest computed tomography images of children with a documented diagnosis of ASD as well as healthy controls were identified retrospectively. Fifty-four scans were obtained for analysis, including 31 ASD cases and 23 controls.

Carbonyls and Aerosol Mass Generation from Vaping Nicotine Salt Solutions Using Fourth- and Third-Generation E-Cigarette Devices: Effects of Coil Resistance, Coil Age, and Coil Metal Material.

Aerosol formation and production yields from 11 carbonyls (carbonyl concentration per aerosol mass unit) were investigated (1) from a fourth-generation (4th gen) e-cigarette device at different coil resistances and coil age (0-5000 puffs) using unflavored e-liquid with 2% benzoic acid nicotine salt, (2) between a sub-ohm third-generation (3rd gen) tank mod at 0.12 Ω and a 4th gen pod at 1.2 Ω using e-liquid with nicotine salt, together with nicotine yield, and (3) from 3rd gen coils of different metals (stainless steel, kanthal, nichrome) using e-liquid with freebase nicotine.

Short-term and repeated exposure to particulate matter sizes from Imperial Valley, California to induce inflammation and asthmatic-like symptoms in mice.

Imperial Valley, California has become increasingly hot, dry, and polluted over the past decade. Particulate matter (PM) levels are amongst the highest in this State, associated with significantly higher asthma prevalence among children in the region compared to national and state averages. The present study was performed to test the hypothesis that Imperial Valley PM by size and chemical composition might possess allergenic properties following introduction into murine lungs without prior sensitization to a known allergen with size fraction as a determining factor.

Microvascular maturation of the septal capillary layers takes place in parallel to alveolarization in human lungs.

Primary and secondary septa formed during lung development contain a double-layered capillary network. To improve gas exchange, the capillary network is remodeled into a single-layered one, a process that is called microvascular maturation (MVM). It takes place during classical and continued alveolarization.

Regulation of IDO2 by the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in Breast Cancer.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) is a tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme and a homolog of IDO1 with a distinct expression pattern compared with IDO1. In dendritic cells (DCs), IDO activity and the resulting changes in tryptophan level regulate T-cell differentiation and promote immune tolerance. Recent studies indicate that IDO2 exerts an additional, non-enzymatic function and pro-inflammatory activity, which may play an important role in diseases such as autoimmunity and cancer.

COVID-19 Infections, Pandemic-Related Social and Economic Impacts, and Changes to Mental and Self-Rated Health Among Latinx Immigrant Housecleaners in New York City: The Safe and Just Cleaners Study.

To estimate impacts of COVID-19 infections and social and economic sequelae on mental and self-rated health among Latinx immigrant housecleaners in New York City. From March to June 2021, we conducted a follow-up study with 74% retention of 402 housecleaners initially surveyed before the pandemic between August 2019 and February 2020. We measured rates of self-reported COVID-19 infections, COVID-19 antibodies, and pandemic-related social and economic sequelae and examined predictors of mental and self-rated health changes using logistic regression models.

Effects of chronic secondhand smoke exposure on cardiovascular regulation and the role of soluble epoxide hydrolase in mice.

Secondhand smoke (SHS) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality with an estimated 80% of SHS-related deaths attributed to cardiovascular causes. Public health measures and smoking bans have been successful both in reducing SHS exposure and improving cardiovascular outcomes in non-smokers. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors have been shown to attenuate tobacco exposure-induced lung inflammatory responses, making them a promising target for mitigating SHS exposure-induced cardiovascular outcomes.

Experiences of insecurity among non-standard workers across different welfare states: A qualitative cross-country study.

In recent decades, economic crises and political reforms focused on employment flexibilization have increased the use of non-standard employment (NSE). National political and economic contexts determine how employers interact with labour and how the state interacts with labour markets and manages social welfare policies. These factors influence the prevalence of NSE and the level of employment insecurity it creates, but the extent to which a country's policy context mitigates the health influences of NSE is unclear.

Animal models and mechanisms of tobacco smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide, and its global health burden is increasing. COPD is characterized by emphysema, mucus hypersecretion, and persistent lung inflammation, and clinically by chronic airflow obstruction and symptoms of dyspnea, cough, and fatigue in patients. A cluster of pathologies including chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, and cardiovascular disease in the form of hypertension and atherosclerosis variably coexist in COPD patients.

How Does Environmental Temperature Affect Farmworkers' Work Rates in the California Heat Illness Prevention Study?

Objective: Estimate the association between environmental temperature (wet bulb globe temperature [WBGT]) and work rate over the course of a workday.

Methods: Repeated-measures regression was used to identify characteristics impacting work rate in a cross-sectional study of Latino farmworkers. Minute-by-minute work rate (measured by accelerometer) and WBGT were averaged over 15-minute intervals.

Early exposure to wildfire smoke can lead to birth defects.

The results of two previously published reports of the events and impacts of the wildfire smoke exposure that occurred in California in 2018 are amplified from the point of view of the potential toxic mechanism involved. The wildfire led to the exposure of a breeding colony of macaque monkeys () during the peak of their breeding season in 2018-2019. Considering the timing, adverse effects, and endocrine implications reported, the cumulative evidence points to an early toxic sensitive period that can lead to birth defects in higher primates and human pregnancies.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban particle matter exacerbate movement disorder after ischemic stroke via potentiation of neuroinflammation.

Background: A recent epidemiological study showed that air pollution is closely involved in the prognosis of ischemic stroke. We and others have reported that microglial activation in ischemic stroke plays an important role in neuronal damage. In this study, we investigated the effects of urban aerosol exposure on neuroinflammation and the prognosis of ischemic stroke using a mouse photothrombotic model.

Industry-Specific Profile of COVID-19-Related Workers' Compensation Claims in New York State.

Objective: This study aimed to characterize the distribution and award status of COVID-19-related workers' compensation (WC) claims in New York State (NYS) for 2020 and 2021.

Methods: Characteristics and filing rates of COVID-19 claims were described by industry, time of illness, and award status. Nursing care facilities' claims were compared with the recorded nursing home staff COVID-19 infections and deaths reported by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) during the same period.

How client death impacts home care aides' workforce outcomes: an exploratory analysis of return to work and job retention.

Home health aides face a range of stressors that may result in departing the workforce. One stressor that has emerged in multiple qualitative studies as potentially influencing retention is client death. Using 2019 data from a single agency in New York City employing approximately 1700 aides, we used logistic and linear regression to explore case and aide factors associated with workforce outcomes after client death.

Exploring Mentorship in Union and Non-Union Occupational Safety and Health Training Programs.

Few studies have explored mentorship's value in occupational safety and health (OSH) training that focuses on worker empowerment in blue-collar occupations. Through a university and union collaboration, we examined mentorship programs as a promising enhancement to ongoing OSH training to foster worker leadership development in organizations focused on worker empowerment. Union-based worker-trainers from 11 large manufacturing facilities across the United States and worker-trainers affiliated with 11 Latinx Worker Centers in the New York City area were interviewed.

Workers' Health under Algorithmic Management: Emerging Findings and Urgent Research Questions.

Algorithms are increasingly used instead of humans to perform core management functions, yet public health research on the implications of this phenomenon for worker health and well-being has not kept pace with these changing work arrangements. Algorithmic management has the potential to influence several dimensions of job quality with known links to worker health, including workload, income security, task significance, schedule stability, socioemotional rewards, interpersonal relations, decision authority, and organizational trust. To describe the ways algorithmic management may influence workers' health, this review summarizes available literature from public health, sociology, management science, and human-computer interaction studies, highlighting the dimensions of job quality associated with work stress and occupational safety.

Environmental exposure and the role of AhR in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer.

Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) through environmental exposure to chemicals including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) can lead to severe adverse health effects and increase the risk of breast cancer. This review considers several mechanisms which link the tumor promoting effects of environmental pollutants with the AhR signaling pathway, contributing to the development and progression of breast cancer. We explore AhR's function in shaping the tumor microenvironment, modifying immune tolerance, and regulating cancer stemness, driving breast cancer chemoresistance and metastasis.

Functions of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) beyond the canonical AHR/ARNT signaling pathway.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor regulating adaptive and maladaptive responses toward exogenous and endogenous signals. Research from various biomedical disciplines has provided compelling evidence that the AHR is critically involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases and disorders, including autoimmunity, inflammatory diseases, endocrine disruption, premature aging and cancer. Accordingly, AHR is considered an attractive target for the development of novel preventive and therapeutic measures.

Aflatoxin B exposure disrupts the intestinal immune function via a soluble epoxide hydrolase-mediated manner.

Aflatoxin B (AFB) contamination in food and feed leads to severe global health problems. Acting as the frontier immunological barrier, the intestinal mucosa is constantly challenged by exposure to foodborne toxins such as AFB via contaminated diets, but the detailed toxic mechanism and endogenous regulators of AFB toxicity are still unclear. Here, we showed that AFB disrupted intestinal immune function by suppressing macrophages, especially M2 macrophages, and antimicrobial peptide-secreting Paneth cells.

Employment Quality and Mental and Self-Reported Health Inequities among Latinx Housecleaners: The Safe and Just Cleaners Study.

Precarious employment, such as housecleaning, is one important structural contributor to health inequities. We used an employment quality (EQ) framework to characterize the impact of employment conditions on mental and self-reported ill-health among Latinx housecleaners in the New York City metropolitan area. Using a community-based participatory research approach, we collected cross-sectional survey data from 402 housecleaners between August 2019 and February 2020 to characterize housecleaners' EQ and its association with depression, perceived stress, and self-reported health.

California cannabis cultivation and processing workers: A qualitative analysis of physiological exposures and health effects.

Introduction: Cannabis is a multi-billion-dollar California industry, but little is known about the occupational hazards or health experiences of cannabis cultivation workers. Respiratory and dermal exposures, musculoskeletal hazards, and other agricultural hazards have been identified in previous research. Even in a post-legalization framework, cannabis work is stigmatized and most cannabis is still produced illegally.