Assessing the impact of HIV risk reduction counseling in impoverished African American women: a structural equations approach.

We assessed changes in cognitive, psychological, and risky behavior latent variables after traditional or specialized AIDS education after 2 years using structural equation modeling (SEM) in a sample of impoverished at-risk African American women (N = 300). Both groups reported significant improvement at 2 years in their self-esteem and social resources. They also reported less threat perception, avoidant coping, emotional disturbance, HIV risk behavior, and drug use behavior.

Changes in acromial morphology with age.

It has not been determined whether acromial morphology is an innate anatomic characteristic or whether it represents a degenerative process with type I acromions changing to type III acromions over time. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of the three types of acromial morphology with respect to age. The acromial morphology of 272 patients (176 patients with no signs of mechanical impingement or rotator cuff disease and 96 patients with mechanical impingement) was determined by supraspinatus outlet radiographs.

Impact of therapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia on fertility.

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is endemic in young American women. Because the majority of these women have a strong desire to maintain fertility, the efficacy of treatment modalities for this condition must be weighed against potential negative effects on fertility. Except for cone biopsy, however, the peer-reviewed literature provides little information about the effects of such techniques on fertility.

Activation of cells of cochlear nucleus by electrical stimulation of lateral hypothalamus.

Effects of electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (HS) were examined in 67 cells of the dorsal or ventral cochlear nucleus. Both short latency activity in the 10-20 ms post-stimulus period and late activity in the > 20 ms post-stimulus period were elicited in response to HS. A greater percentage of units exhibited the short latency response in dorsal (89%) than ventral (68%) cochlear nucleus.

Alcohol and head injury: an issue revisited.

The pathophysiologic changes associated with acute and chronic alcohol exposure in the setting of traumatic brain injury are complex. Experimental data indicate that ethanol intoxication can exacerbate brain injury through several mechanisms including hemodynamic and respiratory depression, blood-brain barrier disruption, and derangements in hemostasis. Alcohol, however, is also a potent inhibitor of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated excitotoxicity, and thus is neuroprotective.

A retrospective study of eye disease among first grade children in Los Angeles.

Background: The prevalence of ocular disease among children in one school district in Los Angeles, California was studied to better understand the types of eye disorders among this population as well as to develop appropriate preventive programs.

Methods: A computer-assisted retrospective analysis of date was performed from charts of 2,204 first grade children examined in the UCLA Mobile Eye Clinic.

Results: One or more ocular disorders were observed in 22.

Transvaginal probe ultrasonography. Diagnostic or outcome advantages in women with molar pregnancies.

This study attempted to determine whether patients with molar pregnancy initially evaluated by transvaginal ultrasound had earlier diagnoses and superior outcomes than did similar patients initially evaluated by only transabdominal scans. The medical records of 71 patients with molar pregnancy evacuated at the University of California at Los Angeles and affiliate hospital Olive View Medical Center between 1975 and 1988 were reviewed. Eight patients did not have ultrasound imaging prior to evacuation, and three had missing films.

Intraoperative and postoperative physiological monitoring practices by pediatric dentists.

The medical and dental literature has described successful sedations and those which have resulted in injury and death. Physiologic monitoring of patients is essential in assuring the success and safety of sedations in the dental office. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utilization and preferences of various physiologic monitoring methods and utilization of dentist anesthesiologists by pediatric dentists during sedations.

bcl-2 expression decreases methyl mercury-induced free-radical generation and cell killing in a neural cell line.

Methyl mercury neurotoxicity is associated with a broad range of neuropathologic and biochemical disturbances which include induction of oxidative injury. Treatment of the hypothalamic neural cell line GT1-7 with 10 microM methyl mercury (MeHg) for 3 h resulted in increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), associated with 20% cell death. Cells transfected with an expression construct for the anti-apoptotic proto-oncogene, bcl-2, displayed attenuated ROS induction and negligible cell death.

Candida in pancreatic infection: a clinical experience.

Pancreatic infection remains a significant clinical problem, with substantial morbidity and mortality. Published case reports of Candida species identified in these infections prompted a review of 17 consecutive patients recently treated for peripancreatic infection by scheduled relaparotomy. Six patients were transferred from other hospitals, all having undergone prior operative intervention (median stay elsewhere: 58 days).

Identification of short latency auditory responsive neurons in the cat dentate nucleus.

Intracellular recordings of activity in response to acoustic stimuli were obtained from units of the dentate nucleus of conscious cats. Twelve units with short latency responses to 70 dB clicks or hisses were injected intracellularly with biocytin and identified morphologically. The identified cells were small, relatively aspinous, multipolar cells with diameters < 20 microns.

Interleukin 10: ability to minimize postoperative intraperitoneal adhesion formation in a murine model.

Objective: To determine the ability of interleukin 10 (IL-10) to suppress postoperative intraperitoneal adhesion formation.

Design: Randomized, controlled trial.

Setting: University animal research facility.

Bullatacin--in vivo and in vitro experience in an ovarian cancer model.

The cytotoxicity and antitumor effects of the acetogenin Bullatacin were evaluated in vitro in multiple ovarian cancer cell lines and in vivo in a murine ovarian teratocarcinoma (MOT) model in C3HeB/FeJ mice. The in vitro cytotoxicity of Bullatacin against four human ovarian epithelial tumor cell lines (OC-194, OC-222, OVCAR-3, and A-2780) was assessed in 48- and 72-h tetrazolium-dye (MTT) cytotoxicity assays. The percentage of cytotoxicity was determined on the basis of the mean optical density of the respective untreated cells and the dose effective against 50% of the cells (ED50) was calculated for each cell line.

Pitfalls in the cytologic diagnosis of angiosarcoma of the breast by fine-needle aspiration: a case report.

This paper describes a case of angiosarcoma of the breast in a 26-yr-old female. The tumor, originally thought to be granulation tissue on fine-needle aspiration biopsy, was correctly identified as a malignant neoplasm of probable mesenchymal origin on a repeat FNA biopsy 4 mo later. A diagnosis of angiosarcoma was made on a subsequent excisional biopsy.

Application of nonisotopic RNA in situ hybridization to detect endogenous gene expression in pathologic specimens.

Detection of endogenous messenger RNA in surgical pathology tissue samples is a useful technique for identifying or characterizing populations of normal or neoplastic cells. Potential problems with this technique include degradation of target RNA in routinely processed specimens, and low concentration of target RNA sequences in the cells, necessitating the use of radiolabeled probes for detection. In this report, we demonstrate detection of nonmuscle actin messenger RNA in fixed, paraffin-embedded lymphoid tissues and bone marrow aspirate smears, using routinely obtained surgical and hematologic specimens.

Collagen shields impregnated with gentamicin-dexamethasone as a potential drug delivery device.

We investigated the ability of collagen shields impregnated with gentamicin sulfate and dexamethasone to deliver medication into rabbit eyes. We compared the aqueous humor gentamicin and dexamethasone levels delivered by collagen shield and subconjunctival injection therapy at five time points over a ten-hour period, by using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Our in vitro studies showed that impregnated collagen shields released most of the gentamicin within the first 30 minutes of elution, whereas dexamethasone was released gradually over a ten-hour period.

Methyl mercury increases intracellular Ca2+ and inositol phosphate levels in cultured cerebellar granule neurons.

In an effort to explain the previously observed methyl mercury (MeHg)-induced stimulation of protein phosphorylation in cerebellar granule neuron cultures, the effect of MeHg on protein kinase activities in cell-free assays and on second messenger systems in cultured neurons has been examined. Using cell-free assays for several protein kinases, no stimulation of enzyme activity was found at any concentration of MeHg tested. After 24 h exposure, 1-5 microM MeHg was found to have no significant effect on neuronal cyclic AMP levels.

Sequential differentiation of sensory innervation in the mystacial pad of the ferret.

The mystacial pad of the ferret has an elaborate sensory innervation provided by three types of terminal nerves that arise from the infraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve. Deep and superficial vibrissal nerves innervate nearly exclusive targets in the large follicle-sinus complexes (F-SCs) at the base of each tactile vibrissa. Dermal plexus nerves innervate the fur between the vibrissae.

Assay of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity in frozen muscle biopsies: application to medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.

The acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACDs) are mitochondrial enzymes that dehydrogenate acyl-coenzyme A esters of different chain lengths. Inherited deficiencies of these dehydrogenases are commonly associated with muscle weakness and lipid storage. Numerous assays including spectrophotometric, fluorometric, chemical, and radiochemical procedures have been used, but there is need for a rapid, reproducible assay for the different acyl-CoA dehydrogenases in small frozen samples of human muscle biopsies.

Osteopromotion as an adjunct to osseointegration.

Osteopromotion to enhance the formation of bone approximating implant surfaces can be obtained using bone regeneration techniques with polytetrafluoroethylene membranes. Treatment of dehiscences and other deficiencies of bone volume allows implants to be successfully placed in regions previously thought to be unsuitable. Bone regeneration is possible in peri-implant osteitis defects if appropriate surgical techniques are used.

Sensory innervation in the inner conical body of the vibrissal follicle-sinus complex of the rat.

The innervation of the inner conical body of the vibrissal follicle-sinus complex of the rat was examined by high-voltage and conventional transmission electron microscopy of serial and semi-serial sections. The inner conical body is innervated by axons supplied almost exclusively by several superficial vibrissal nerves that arise from the infraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve and converge upon the neck of the follicle-sinus complex. Each superficial vibrissal nerve contains a few A delta myelinated axons and several bundles of 20-30 unmyelinated axons.

The regenerative potential of plaque-induced peri-implant bone defects treated by a submerged membrane technique: an experimental study.

The aim of the present study was to experimentally induce peri-implant bone defects around three different types of implants by plaque accumulation and to determine whether new bone formation can occur on previously contaminated dental implants. Dental implants were placed into the mandibles of beagle dogs. Gross plaque accumulation around the implants was undisturbed for 3 months, which resulted in circumferential peri-implant bone defects.