High-dose glucocorticoid treatment vs. glucocorticoid replacement in immune checkpoint inhibitor associated hypophysitis (CORTICI): an open, randomised controlled trial.

Objective: One of the most severe endocrine side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is hypophysitis leading to adrenal insufficiency. Recovery is rare, although it has been reported after high-dose glucocorticoid treatment. This is the first randomised study to evaluate whether hormonal recovery differs in patients treated with high-dose glucocorticoids versus glucocorticoid replacement therapy.

Which patients with negative PSMA-PET imaging can safely avoid biopsy for prostate cancer? a novel step towards PSMA-based biopsy-free strategy.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify if a subset of men can safely avoid or delay prostate biopsy based on negative results of prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET).

Materials And Methods: Among 341 consecutive cases in a prospective biopsy cohort (NCT05073653), 111 treatment-naïve men with negative PSMA-PET (PRIMARY-score 1/2) were included. All participants underwent PSMA-PET and histopathological examinations.

Predictors of functional recovery following surgical repair of quadriceps tendon rupture: insights from a German multicentre study.

Introduction: More extensive and cohesive studies on quadriceps tendon rupture (QTR) repair surgery are required to guide effective treatment strategies. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to identify predictors of subjective functional recovery following QTR repair surgery.

Materials And Methods: This multicentre retrospective cohort study enrolled 191 adults (age ≥ 18 years) who underwent surgical unilateral QTR repair (2010-2022) and had ≥ 1-year postoperative follow-up at three trauma centres in Germany.

The silent pandemic of stress: impact on menstrual cycle and ovulation.

In the current age of technological advancement, stress has emerged as a silent pandemic affecting individuals, especially young generations, globally. Factors such as increased competition, social pressures fueled by social media and smartphones, and a sense of diminished control in the face of modern challenges contribute to rising stress levels. In addition to the negative implications on mental well-being, stress affects physiological processes such as the menstrual cycle.

Monocyte and Macrophage in Follicular Liquid: Predictive Markers of Embryo Quality in Women with Obesity and Infertility.

Background: Over the past five years, the pregnancy rate in assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs in Russia has remained relatively stable. The aim of this study was to assess the distribution of monocyte and macrophage subsets in the blood and follicular fluid of infertile women undergoing assisted reproductive technology.

Methods: The study involved 45 women with a mean age of 35 ± 4.

SERT-Deficient Mice Fed Western Diet Reveal Altered Metabolic and Pro-Inflammatory Responses of the Liver: A Link to Abnormal Behaviors.

Background: The inheritance of the short allele, encoding the serotonin transporter (SERT) in humans, increases susceptibility to neuropsychiatric and metabolic disorders, with aging and female sex further exacerbating these conditions. Both central and peripheral mechanisms of the compromised serotonin (5-HT) system play crucial roles in this context. Previous studies on SERT-deficient (Sert) mice, which model human SERT deficiency, have demonstrated emotional and metabolic disturbances, exacerbated by exposure to a high-fat Western diet (WD).

HIF-1α and VEGF Immunophenotypes as Potential Biomarkers in the Prognosis and Evaluation of Treatment Efficacy of Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and its related vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may play a significant role in atherosclerosis and their targeting is a strategic approach that may affect multiple pathways influencing disease progression. This study aimed to perform a systematic review to reveal current evidence on the role of HIF-1α and VEGF immunophenotypes with other prognostic markers as potential biomarkers of atherosclerosis prognosis and treatment efficacy.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of the current literature to explore the role of HIF-1α and VEGF protein expression along with the relation to the prognosis and therapeutic strategies of atherosclerosis.

Application of the Omaha System-Based Continuous Care Model in Diabetes Health Management for Outpatients within the Framework of "Internet +".

Diabetes is a chronic lifelong condition that requires consistent self-care and daily lifestyle adjustments. Effective disease management involves regular blood glucose monitoring and ongoing nursing support. Inadequate education and poor self-management are key factors contributing to increased mortality among diabetic individuals.

Application of Cardiac Rehabilitation Aerobic Exercise in Patients with Stable Angina in Coronary Heart Disease.

A novel exercise protocol for cardiac rehabilitation aerobic (CRA) has been developed by Hebei Sport University, demonstrating efficacy in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of CRA on precise cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for CHD patients presenting with stable angina pectoris. The study cohort comprised patients with stable angina who were categorized into three groups: the CRA group (n = 35), the power bicycles (PB) group (n = 34), and the control group (n = 43).

Effectiveness of a multidisciplinary outreach intervention for individuals with severe mental illness in supported accommodation.

Purpose: People living in supported accommodation often have complex care needs, including longer-term mental health illness and physical health comorbidities. Effective coordination between health and supported accommodation services is crucial to address these needs. However, evidence on the effectiveness of healthcare interventions in this setting remains limited.

Mechanism evaluation of a digitally enabled rehabilitation intervention for people in aged care and neurological rehabilitation: mediation analysis of the AMOUNT trial.

Purpose: To investigate potential mechanisms of a digital rehabilitation intervention associated with improved mobility among adults undertaking rehabilitation.

Materials And Methods: Causal mediation analysis of the AMOUNT trial (ACTRN12614000936628). Participants were randomised to digitally-enabled rehabilitation (virtual reality video games, activity monitors, and handheld computer devices prescribed by a physiotherapist) and usual care or usual care alone.

Patterns of Treatment and Real-World Outcomes of Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutations Receiving Mobocertinib: The EXTRACT Study.

Background: Real-world data regarding patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations receiving mobocertinib are limited. This study describes these patients' characteristics and outcomes.

Methods: A chart review was conducted across three countries (Canada, France, and Hong Kong), abstracting data from eligible patients (NCT05207423).

Efficacy of Orthognathic Surgery in OSAS Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a prevalent condition characterised by repeated episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, leading to disrupted sleep and associated morbidities. Orthognathic surgery (OGS) has been proposed as a treatment option for OSAS, aimed at anatomically repositioning the maxillofacial structures to alleviate airway obstruction. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of OGS in reducing apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores among OSAS patients.

Unveiling Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Hepatitis D Among Vulnerable Communities in Romania.

Background: Hepatitis B (HBV) and Delta (HDV) virus infections pose critical public health challenges, particularly in Romania, where HDV co-infection is underdiagnosed.

Methods: This study investigates the epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of HBV/HDV co-infection in vulnerable populations, leveraging data from the LIVE(RO2) program. Conducted between July 2021 and November 2023, the program screened 320,000 individuals across 24 counties, targeting socially disadvantaged groups such as rural residents, the Roma community, and those lacking health insurance.

Improving Individualized Salbutamol Treatment: A Population Pharmacokinetic Model for Oral Salbutamol in Virtual Patients.

Background: Salbutamol, a short-acting β-agonist used in asthma treatment, is available in multiple formulations, including inhalers, nebulizers, oral tablets, and intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous routes. Each formulation exhibits distinct pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles, influencing therapeutic outcomes and adverse effects. Although asthma management predominantly relies on inhaled salbutamol, understanding how these formulations interact with patient-specific characteristics could improve personalized medicine approaches, potentially uncovering the therapeutic benefits of alternative formulations for an individual patient.

The Role of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Potential.

Lung cancer remains a major global health problem because of its high cancer-related mortality rate despite advances in therapeutic approaches. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a major subtype of lung cancer, is more amenable to surgical intervention in its early stages. However, the prognosis for advanced NSCLC remains poor, owing to limited treatment options.

Dietary Interventions, Supplements, and Plant-Derived Compounds for Adjunct Vitiligo Management: A Review of the Literature.

Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune pigmentation disorder shaped by a complex interplay of genetic predispositions and environmental triggers. While conventional therapies-phototherapy, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants-can be effective, their benefits are often partial and temporary, with recurrence common once treatment stops. As such, there is increasing interest in exploring complementary approaches that may offer a more sustainable impact.

Gluten-Free Diet and Health-Related Quality of Life: The Validated Hellenic Version of the Celiac Dietary Adherence Test.

Background/objectives: A reliable assessment of gluten-free diet (GFD) adherence is essential for managing celiac disease (CD). This study aimed to validate the Hellenic version of the Celiac Disease Adherence Test (H-CDAT) to evaluate adherence levels and explore the impact of dietary adherence on health-related quality of life (HRQoL)-both of which have never been objectively assessed in Greek CD patients.

Methods: The study included 102 adult CD patients who completed H-CDAT, diet-related questions, and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36).

Diet, Advanced Maternal Age, and Neonatal Outcomes: Results from the GESTAGE Study.

Maternal nutrition during pregnancy plays a pivotal role in influencing both maternal and fetal health, impacting neonatal anthropometric outcomes and long-term disease susceptibility. An advanced maternal age (AMA ≥ 35 years) has been linked to increased risks of obstetric complications and adverse neonatal outcomes, yet its specific nutritional profile remains underexplored. : This study aimed to evaluate the nutrient and polyphenol intakes of women at an AMA compared to those of a younger control group and to investigate associations with neonatal anthropometric measures.

Improving Cooking Skills, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Clinical Outcomes for Adults at Risk for Cardiometabolic Disease: Protocol for a Randomized Teaching Kitchen Multisite Trial (TK-MT).

Background/objectives: This protocol describes a study to investigate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a novel Teaching Kitchen Multisite Trial (TK-MT) for adults with cardiometabolic abnormalities. The TK-MT protocol describes a hybrid lifestyle intervention combining in-person and virtual instruction in culinary skills, nutrition education, movement, and mindfulness with community support and behavior change strategies. This 18-month-long randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a 12-month, 24 class program, assess preliminary study efficacy, and identify barriers and facilitators to implementation.

Vitamin D: Evidence-Based Health Benefits and Recommendations for Population Guidelines.

Vitamin D offers numerous under-recognized health benefits beyond its well-known role in musculoskeletal health. It is vital for extra-renal tissues, prenatal health, brain function, immunity, pregnancy, cancer prevention, and cardiovascular health. Existing guidelines issued by governmental and health organizations are bone-centric and largely overlook the abovementioned extra-skeletal benefits and optimal thresholds for vitamin D.

Maternal Glycemia and Its Pattern Associated with Offspring Neurobehavioral Development: A Chinese Birth Cohort Study.

Background/objectives: This study investigates the impact of maternal glycemic levels during early and late pregnancy on offspring neurodevelopment in China.

Methods: Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured in maternal blood during pregnancy, and the TyG index was calculated to assess insulin resistance. Hyperglycemia was defined as FPG > 5.

Guidance on Energy Intake Based on Resting Energy Expenditure and Physical Activity: Effective for Reducing Body Weight in Patients with Obesity.

Objective: In treating obesity, energy intake control is essential to avoid exceeding energy expenditure. However, excessive restriction of energy intake often leads to resting energy expenditure (REE) reduction, increasing hunger and making weight loss difficult. This study aimed to investigate whether providing nutritional guidance that considers energy expenditure based on the regular evaluation of REE and physical activity could effectively reduce body weight (BW) in patients with obesity.

Ceftazidime-Avibactam Versus Colistin for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Infections: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

To evaluate the real-world evidence of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) compared to intravenous colistin for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections. This is a multicenter, retrospective cohort study conducted in the period between 2017 and 2023 at five institutions for patients who received either CAZ-AVI or colistin-based regimens for treating MDR infections. Outcomes were compared using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

The Effect of the Concurrent Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Receptor Blockers on Toxicity and Outcomes in Patients Treated with Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: ACEIs protect against radiation pneumonitis by reducing angiotensin II production, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This study highlights the significance of concurrent angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) use in radiotherapy by evaluating its impact on radiotherapy-related side effects and survival outcomes, addressing the gap in existing research and providing insights to guide clinical practice in oncology. : The literature was retrieved from the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from January 2000 to October 2024.