Safety of topical estrogen therapy during adjuvant endocrine treatment among patients with breast cancer: A meta-analysis based expert panel discussion.

Importance: Endocrine treatments, such as Tamoxifen (TAM) and/or Aromatase inhibitors (AI), are the adjuvant therapy of choice for hormone-receptor positive breast cancer. These agents are associated with menopausal symptoms, adversely affecting drug compliance. Topical estrogen (TE) has been proposed for symptom management, given its' local application and presumed reduced bioavailability, however its oncological safety remains uncertain.

Tumour-infiltrating Lymphocytes and Radiation Therapy in Rectal Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Aim: Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) represent a promising cancer biomarker. Different TILs, including CD8+, CD4+, CD3+, and FOXP3+, have been associated with clinical outcomes. However, data are lacking regarding the value of TILs for patients receiving radiation therapy (RT).

Perioperative Supportive Care Interventions to Enhance Surgical Outcomes for Older Adults With Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: Older adults with cancer have unique needs, which likely influence surgical outcomes in the geriatric oncology population. We conducted a systematic review to describe the literature focused on perioperative supportive care interventions for older adults with cancer undergoing surgery.

Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we performed a comprehensive search using the Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Embase databases for literature published from January 2010 to October 2023.

Oncology Provider and Patient Perspectives on a Cardiovascular Health Assessment Tool utilized during Post-treatment Survivorship Care in Community Oncology (Results from WF-1804CD): Mixed Methods Observational Study.

Background: Most cancer survivors have multiple cardiovascular risk factors, increasing their risk of poor cardiovascular and cancer outcomes. The Automated Heart-Health Assessment (AH-HA) tool is a novel electronic health record clinical decision support tool based on the American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics to promote CVH assessment and discussion in outpatient oncology. Before proceeding to future implementation trials, it is critical to establish the acceptability of the tool among providers and survivors.

Fertility in transgender and gender diverse people: systematic review of the effects of gender-affirming hormones on reproductive organs and fertility.

Background: Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people seek gender-affirming care at any age to manage gender identities or expressions that differ from their birth gender. Gender-affirming hormone treatment (GAHT) and gender-affirming surgery may alter reproductive function and/or anatomy, limiting future reproductive options to varying degrees, if individuals desire to either give birth or become a biological parent.

Objective And Rationale: TGD people increasingly pursue help for their reproductive questions, including fertility, fertility preservation, active desire for children, and future options.

Efficacy of a clinical decision support tool to promote guideline concordant evaluations in patients with high-risk microscopic hematuria: a cluster randomized quality improvement project.

Purpose: We aimed to determine whether implementation of clinical decision support (CDS) tool integrated into the electronic health record (EHR) of a multi-site academic medical center increased the proportion of patients with American Urological Association (AUA) "high risk" microscopic hematuria (MH) who receive guideline concordant evaluations.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a two-arm cluster randomized quality improvement project in which 202 ambulatory sites from a large health system were randomized to either have their physicians receive at time of test results an automated CDS alert for patients with 'high-risk' MH with associated recommendations for imaging and cystoscopy (intervention) or usual care (control). Primary outcome was met if a patient underwent both imaging and cystoscopy within 180 days from MH result.

A Comparison of Prostate Cancer Screening Information Quality on Standard and Advanced Versions of ChatGPT, Google Gemini, and Microsoft Copilot: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Artificially Intelligent (AI) chatbots have the potential to produce information to support shared prostate cancer (PrCA) decision-making. Therefore, our purpose was to evaluate and compare the accuracy, completeness, readability, and credibility of responses from standard and advanced versions of popular chatbots: ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4.

The efficacy of acupuncture in relieving postoperative pain in patients with low simple anal fistula: Protocol of a prospective, randomised, controlled trial.

Background: Anal fistula surgery often leads to postoperative pain, which can hinder recovery and negatively impact patients' quality of life. This prospective, randomised, controlled trial (RCT) aims to investigate the efficacy of acupuncture in alleviating postoperative pain and reducing the usage of analgesic medications following anal fistula surgery.

Methods: This single-centre, patient-blinded, assessor-blinded, placebo-controlled randomised controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted at a tertiary referral hospital.

Determining patient activity goals and their fulfillment following total knee arthroplasty: Findings from the prospective, observational SuPeR Knee study.

Background: Dissatisfaction with Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) surgical outcomes remains between 10-20% and is associated with higher levels of societal costs. Expectations regarding post-surgical outcomes is considered as one of the major factors influencing satisfaction, however, there are no standardised methods for assessing patient's expectations regarding activities to be achieved following surgery.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to identify patient expectations relating to activities of importance following TKA and to describe goal fulfillment at 3 months post-TKA.

Assessing cardiovascular disease risk and social determinants of health: A comparative analysis of five risk estimation instruments using data from the Eastern Caribbean Health Outcomes Research Network.

Background: Accurate assessment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is crucial for effective prevention and resource allocation. However, few CVD risk estimation tools consider social determinants of health (SDoH), despite their known impact on CVD risk. We aimed to estimate 10-year CVD risk in the Eastern Caribbean Health Outcomes Research Network Cohort Study (ECS) across multiple risk estimation instruments and assess the association between SDoH and CVD risk.

Psychometric validation of the Cystic Fibrosis Impact Questionnaire (CF-IQ): A patient-reported outcome assessing impacts of cystic fibrosis.

The Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Impact Questionnaire (CF-IQ) was qualitatively developed to assess the impact of CF in the context of treatment advancements and increased longevity. This study reports the CF-IQ validation. In this noninterventional validation study, people with CF completed the 40-item CF-IQ and validating patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) via electronic diaries at enrollment (baseline) and at the 4-week follow-up.

Low-profile double plating versus conventional single plating in midshaft clavicle fractures: A retrospective study and initial experience with this novel technique.

Background: Low-profile double plating seems a viable alternative to conventional single plating for fixation of midshaft clavicle fractures. This study aims to compare the two techniques regarding healing, complications, and removal rate.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included all patients >16 years that underwent plate fixation for midshaft clavicle fractures between 2020 and 2022 at one trauma-center.

Enhancing trauma cardiopulmonary resuscitation simulation training with the use of virtual reality (Trauma SimVR): Protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: With the increasing availability and use of digital tools such as virtual reality in medical education, there is a need to evaluate their impact on clinical performance and decision-making among healthcare professionals. The Trauma SimVR study is investigating the efficacy of virtual reality training in the context of traumatic in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Methods And Analysis: This study protocol (clinicaltrials.

''Mitigating cancer pain: What else matters?"-A qualitative study into the needs and concerns of cancer patients in Sri Lanka.

Objectives: In Sri Lanka, cancer is a significant contributor to both morbidity and mortality rates. In 2022, 33,243 new cancer cases were reported, resulting in an age- standardized incidence rate of 106.9 per 100,000 individuals.

Diabetes Risk After Treatment for Childhood and Young Adult Cancer.

Objective: Diabetes is a potential late consequence of childhood and young adult cancer (CYAC) treatment. Causative treatments associated with diabetes have been identified in retrospective cohort studies but have not been validated in population-based cohorts. Our aim was to define the extent of diabetes risk and explore contributory factors for its development in survivors of CYAC in the United Kingdom.

Changes in urinary concentrations of contemporary and emerging chemicals in commerce during the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program.

Previous research indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed alterations in behaviors that may impact exposures to environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals. This includes changes in the use of chemicals found in consumer products, food packaging, and exposure to air pollutants. Within the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program, a national consortium initiated to understand the effects of environmental exposures on child health and development, our objective was to assess whether urinary concentrations of a wide range of potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals varied before and during the pandemic.

Skin cancer risk in over 200.000 patients with haematologic malignancies in 30 years; a nationwide population-based study in the Netherlands.

Background: Patients with haematologic malignancies are at increased risk of developing skin cancer and often experience worse skin cancer-related outcomes. However, there is a lack of nationwide, population-based data with long-term follow-up on the incidence and risks of different skin cancer types across all haematologic malignancies.

Objectives: To assess population-based risk estimates for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), malignant melanoma (MM), Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) among patients with haematologic malignancies, stratified by skin cancer type and haematologic malignancy subgroup.

Ensifentrine in COPD patients taking long-acting bronchodilators: A pooled post-hoc analysis of the ENHANCE-1/2 studies.

Background: The efficacy and safety of ensifentrine, a novel PDE3/PDE4 inhibitor, were previously evaluated in the ENHANCE-1 (NCT04535986) and ENHANCE-2 (NCT04542057) trials. Here, we present a pooled post-hoc subgroup analysis of patients according to background chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) maintenance medication regimens.

Objective: This analysis aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of ensifentrine in patients receiving long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) or long-acting beta-agonists with inhaled corticosteroids (LABA + ICS).

Integrated care management for patients following acute stroke: a systematic review.

Background: Contemporary stroke care is moving towards more holistic and patient-centred integrated approaches, however, there is need to develop high quality evidence for interventions that benefit patients as part of this approach.

Aim: This study aims to identify the types of integrated care management strategies that exist for people with stroke, to determine whether stroke management pathways impact patient outcomes, and to identify elements of integrated stroke care that were effective at improving outcomes.

Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis.

Associations between the gut microbiome, inflammation and cardiovascular profiles in people with HIV.

Background: Inflammation and innate immune activation are associated with chronic HIV infection, despite effective treatment. Although gut microbiota alterations are linked to systemic inflammation, the relationships between the gut microbiome, inflammation and HIV remain unclear.

Methods: The UPBEAT-CAD sub-study, examining cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in HIV, enrolled participants matched on HIV status and traditional CVD risk factors.

Biofield Therapies Clinical Research Landscape: A Scoping Review and Interactive Evidence Map.

Biofield Therapies, with a historical lineage spanning millennia and continuing relevance in contemporary practices, have been used to address various health conditions and promote wellbeing. The scientific study and adoption of these therapies have been hindered by cultural challenges and institutional barriers. In addition, the current research landscape for Biofield Therapies is insufficiently documented.

Association of Influenza Vaccination During Pregnancy with Health Outcomes in Mothers and Children: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Immunization rates of maternal influenza vaccination during pregnancy remain suboptimal, with concerns about potential harm to the mothers and their offspring. We conducted a population-based cohort study, using mother-child linked database in Korea: (a) maternal cohort between December 2019, and March 2022; (b) neonatal cohort between September 2020, and June 2021. Exposure was defined as influenza vaccination during pregnancy.

First-in-Man Study of a Novel Peripheral Plaque Atherectomy Device.

This first-in-man (FIM) study evaluated the feasibility and safety of a new peripheral plaque atherectomy system in patients with symptomatic lower extremity artery disease (LEAD). Ten patients with symptomatic LEAD (Rutherford class 2-5) were enrolled in a prospective, single-center study from March to April 2024. Patients aged 18-85 years with target lesions showing ≥70% stenosis and reference vessel diameters ≥1.

Bayesian Spatial Relative Survival Model to Estimate the Loss in Life Expectancy and Crude Probability of Death for Cancer Patients.

To date, there have not been any population-based cancer studies quantifying geographical patterns of the loss in life expectancy (LLE) and crude probability of death due to cancer ( ). These absolute measures of survival are complementary to the more typically used relative measures of excess mortality and relative survival, and, together, they provide a fuller understanding of geographical disparities in survival outcomes for cancer patients. We propose using a spatially flexible parametric relative survival model in the Bayesian framework, which allows for the inclusion of spatial effects in hazard-level model components.

mHealth-Based Diabetes Prevention Program for Chinese Mothers With Abdominal Obesity: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Among people with abdominal obesity, women are more likely to develop diabetes than men. Mobile health (mHealth)-based technologies provide the flexibility and resource-saving opportunities to improve lifestyles in an individualized way. However, mHealth-based diabetes prevention programs tailored for busy mothers with abdominal obesity have not been reported yet.