PM2.5 promotes NSCLC carcinogenesis through translationally and transcriptionally activating DLAT-mediated glycolysis reprograming.

Background: Airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been associated with lung cancer development and progression in never smokers. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying PM2.

Characteristics of Emergency Department Patient Visits Referred for Follow-Up Medical Care After Discharge, National Hospital Ambulatory Medicare Care Survey-United States, 2018.

Objective: To describe characteristics of a nationally representative sample of patient visits that ended with a referral for follow-up medical care after discharge from hospital emergency department (ED) visits.

Methods: We used 2018 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data to identify patient characteristics associated with higher rates of visits with referrals for follow-up medical care after ED discharge from nonfederal short-stay and general hospitals throughout the United States. Referral included categories of all disposition variables that indicated referral to a source of care consistent with the patient's clinical condition at ED discharge.

Contributions of the Women's Health Initiative to Cardiovascular Research: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.

The WHI (Women's Health Initiative) enrolled 161,808 racially and ethnically diverse postmenopausal women, ages 50-79 years, from 1993 to 1998 at 40 clinical centers across the United States. In its clinical trial component, WHI evaluated 3 randomized interventions (menopausal hormone therapy; diet modification; and calcium/vitamin D supplementation) for the primary prevention of major chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, in older women. In the WHI observational study, numerous clinical, behavioral, and social factors have been evaluated as predictors of incident chronic disease and mortality.

Engineering viral genomics and nano-liposomes in microfluidic platforms for patient-specific analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variants.

New variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are continuing to spread globally, contributing to the persistence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Increasing resources have been focused on developing vaccines and therapeutics that target the Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. Recent advances in microfluidics have the potential to recapitulate viral infection in the organ-specific platforms, known as organ-on-a-chip (OoC), in which binding of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) of the host cells occurs.

A 19-Year Study of Dental Needlestick and Sharps Injuries in Japan.

Background: Needlestick and sharps injuries (NSIs) are serious problems for dental health care workers (DHCWs) because they are at risk for occupational blood-borne infections. In this study, risk factors for NSIs in DHCWs at Tohoku University Hospital (TUH) in Japan over 19 years were analysed.

Methods: NSI data of DHCWs at TUH from April 2002 to March 2020 were collected from the Exposure Prevention Information Network (EPINet) and statistically analysed.

Antibody responses and risk factors associated with impaired immunological outcomes following two doses of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases.

Introduction: Responses to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases are poorly characterised. We aimed to describe humoral responses following two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and identify risk factors for impaired responses.

Methods: Prospective cohort study including adults with chronic pulmonary diseases and healthcare personnel as controls (1:1).

Dietary Interventions to Treat Type 2 Diabetes in Adults with a Goal of Remission: An Expert Consensus Statement from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine.

Objective: The objective of this Expert Consensus Statement is to assist clinicians in achieving remission of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adults using diet as a primary intervention. Evidence-informed statements agreed upon by a multi-disciplinary panel of expert healthcare professionals were used.

Methods: Panel members with expertise in diabetes treatment, research, and remission followed an established methodology for developing consensus statements using a modified Delphi process.

Effect of an intervention for patients 65 years and older with blunt chest injury: Patient and health service outcomes.

Introduction: Blunt chest injury in older adults, aged 65 years and older, leads to significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multidisciplinary chest injury care bundle (ChIP) on patient and health service outcomes in older adults with blunt chest injury.

Methods: ChIP comprised multidimensional implementation guidance in three key pillars of care for blunt chest injury: respiratory support, analgesia, and complication prevention.

Rapid, sensitive, and low-cost detection of Escherichia coli bacteria in contaminated water samples using a phage-based assay.

Inadequate drinking water quality is among the major causes of preventable mortality, predominantly in young children. Identifying contaminated water sources remains a significant challenge, especially where resources are limited. The current methods for measuring Escherichia coli (E.

A novel tRNA-derived fragment AS-tDR-007333 promotes the malignancy of NSCLC via the HSPB1/MED29 and ELK4/MED29 axes.

Background: Transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are a new class of small non-coding RNAs. Recent studies suggest that tRFs participate in some pathological processes. However, the biological functions and mechanisms of tRFs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are largely unknown.

Generating and Reporting Electronic Clinical Quality Measures from Electronic Health Records: Strategies from EvidenceNOW Cooperatives.

Background: Electronic clinical quality measures (eCQMs) from electronic health records (EHRs) are a key component of quality improvement (QI) initiatives in small-to-medium size primary care practices, but using eCQMs for QI can be challenging. Organizational strategies are needed to effectively operationalize eCQMs for QI in these practice settings.

Objective: This study aimed to characterize strategies that seven regional cooperatives participating in the EvidenceNOW initiative developed to generate and report EHR-based eCQMs for QI in small-to-medium size practices.

Introduction and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7, Alpha variant, in Denmark.

Background: In early 2021, the SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.

Cardiovascular Disease Among Patients With AML and CHIP-Related Mutations.

Background: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a novel cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor in individuals without acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the association between mutations associated with CHIP (CHIP-related mutations) identified in patients at AML diagnosis and the risk for cardiovascular events (CVEs).

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 623 patients with AML treated between 2015 and 2018 who underwent DNA analysis.

[Study on DNA methylation in HEB cells exposed to PM(2.5) by application of methylation chip technology].

To screen the differential methylation sites, genes and pathways of air pollution fine particles (PM(2.5)) on human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells by methylation chip and bioinformation technology, so as to provide scientific basis for further study of the toxicological mechanism of PM(2.5) on HBE cells.

Mechanotransduction-induced glycolysis epigenetically regulates a CXCL1-dominant angiocrine signaling program in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo.

Background & Aims: Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are ideally situated to sense stiffness and generate angiocrine programs that potentially regulate liver fibrosis and portal hypertension. We explored how specific focal adhesion (FA) proteins parlay LSEC mechanotransduction into stiffness-induced angiocrine signaling in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: Primary human and murine LSECs were placed on gels with incremental stiffness (0.

TET2-Driven Clonal Hematopoiesis and Response to Canakinumab: An Exploratory Analysis of the CANTOS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and mouse experiments suggest that CHIP related to Tet2 loss of function in myeloid cells accelerates atherosclerosis via augmented interleukin (IL) 1β signaling.

Objective: To assess whether individuals with CHIP have greater cardiovascular event reduction in response to IL-1β neutralization in the Canankinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Trial (CANTOS).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This randomized clinical trial took place from April 2011 to June 2017 at more than 1000 clinical sites in 39 countries.

The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Disparities Elimination through Coordinated Interventions to Prevent and Control Heart and Lung Disease Alliance.

Objective: To describe the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) sponsored Disparities Elimination through Coordinated Interventions to Prevent and Control Heart and Lung Disease (DECIPHeR) Alliance to support late-stage implementation research aimed at reducing disparities in communities with high burdens of cardiovascular and/or pulmonary disease.

Study Setting: NHBLI funded seven DECIPHeR studies and a Coordinating Center. Projects target high-risk diverse populations including racial and ethnic minorities, urban, rural, and low-income communities, disadvantaged children, and persons with serious mental illness.

Common genetic variants do not predict recurrent events in coronary heart disease patients.

Background: It is unclear whether genetic variants identified from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), or a genetic risk score (GRS) derived from them, can help stratify risk of recurrent events in patients with CHD.

Methods: Study subjects were enrolled at the close-out of the LIPID randomised controlled trial of pravastatin vs placebo. Entry to the trial had required a history of acute coronary syndrome 3-36 months previously, and patients were in the trial for a mean of 36 months.

Genome-wide investigations on regulatory functions of RECQ1 helicase.

DNA helicase RECQ1 (also known as RECQL or RECQL1) is a candidate breast cancer susceptibility gene significantly correlated with clinical outcomes of sporadic breast cancer patients. Prior studies have suggested that RECQ1 maintains genomic stability by regulating a wide variety of core cellular functions including DNA replication, DNA damage response, and transcription. However, it is unclear which, if any, of these are the primary functions of RECQ1 as related to its role in suppressing breast cancer.

Melatonin enhances osteoblastogenesis of senescent bone marrow stromal cells through NSD2-mediated chromatin remodelling.

Background: Aging-associated osteoporosis is frequently seen in the elderly in clinic, but efficient managements are limited because of unclear nosogenesis. The current study aims to investigate the role of melatonin on senescent bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and the underlying regulating mechanism.

Methods: Melatonin levels were tested by ELISA.

KDM1A promotes thyroid cancer progression and maintains stemness through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are highly tumorigenic, chemotherapy-resistant, tumor growth-sustaining, and are implicated in tumor recurrence. Previous studies have shown that lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (KDM1A) is highly expressed in several human malignancies and CSCs. However, the role of KDM1A in CSCs and the therapeutic potential of KDM1A inhibitors for the treatment of the advanced thyroid cancer are poorly understood.

EEF2K silencing inhibits tumour progression through repressing SPP1 and synergises with BET inhibitors in melanoma.

Background: Despite the remarkable breakthroughs achieved in the management of metastatic melanoma using immunotherapy and targeted therapies, long-term clinical efficacy is often compromised due to dose-limiting toxicity and innate or acquired resistance. Therefore, it is of vital importance to further explore the molecular mechanisms underlying melanoma progression and identify new targeted therapeutic approaches.

Methods: The function of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (EEF2K) in melanoma were investigated in vitro and in vivo.

Under-specification as the source of ambiguity and vagueness in narrative phenotype algorithm definitions.

Introduction: Currently, one of the commonly used methods for disseminating electronic health record (EHR)-based phenotype algorithms is providing a narrative description of the algorithm logic, often accompanied by flowcharts. A challenge with this mode of dissemination is the potential for under-specification in the algorithm definition, which leads to ambiguity and vagueness.

Methods: This study examines incidents of under-specification that occurred during the implementation of 34 narrative phenotyping algorithms in the electronic Medical Record and Genomics (eMERGE) network.