The difference of oropharyngeal microbiome during acute respiratory viral infections in infants and children.

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) with multiple types of viruses are common in infants and children. This study was conducted to assess the difference of oropharyngeal microbiome during acute respiratory viral infection using whole-genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The overall taxonomic alpha diversity did not differ by the types of infected virus.

Skeletal progenitor LRP1 deficiency causes severe and persistent skeletal defects with Wnt pathway dysregulation.

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a multifunctional endocytic receptor whose dysfunction is linked to developmental dysplasia of the hip, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Our work addresses the critical question of how these skeletal pathologies emerge. Here, we show the abundant expression of LRP1 in skeletal progenitor cells at mouse embryonic stage E10.

Content validation of drug problem-oriented clinical record.

Background: Worldwide, hospitals are responsible for restoring health. However, poorly executed processes in these institutions can lead to risks and harm to patients, especially in identifying drug related problems. This fact justifies the proposal of tools to support the diagnosis, management and resolution of these problems.

External Validation of an AI mHealth Tool for Gingivitis Detection among Older Adults at Daycare Centers: A Pilot Study.

Objectives: Periodontal disease is a significant public health concern among older adults due to its relationship with tooth loss and systemic health disease. However, there are numerous barriers that prevent older adults from receiving routine dental care, highlighting the need for innovative screening tools at the community level. This pilot study aimed first, to evaluate the accuracy of GumAI, a new mHealth tool that uses AI and smartphones to detect gingivitis, and the user acceptance of personalized oral hygiene instructions provided through the new tool, among older adults in day-care community centers.

Exploring EntrepreNursing: The influence of internal locus of control and organizational innovativeness on nurses' innovative behavior - A cross-sectional study.

Background: The concept of 'EntrepreNursing' improves healthcare outcomes by enhancing quality, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness, but remains underutilized by clinical nurses. Research on how to promote EntrepreNursing is scant.

Purpose: To examine how personal characteristics (internal locus of control, capacity to innovate) and organizational innovativeness influence nurses' innovative behaviors.

The association between adolescents' knowledge and perception of HPV vaccination and parents' characteristics: A cross-sectional study.

Background: In Italy, the anti-Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination campaign began in 2008. To date, despite the effectiveness and safety of HPV vaccines, coverage among Italian adolescents is still suboptimal. Evidence suggests that different factors could influence parents' choices regarding their children's vaccination uptake.

Potential of carbon micro/nanofibers derived from lignocellulose biomass valorisation for CO adsorption: A review on decarbonization biotechnology for climate change solutions.

Biomass, as a source of lignocellulose, can be valorized into carbon micro/nanofibers for adsorbing greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions, especially CO. This article is derived from systematic evidence evaluation of published studies, presenting new, innovative, and systemic approaches to lignocellulose-based carbon micro/nanofiber studies. The review covers a general overview of carbon micro/nanofiber studies, mapping chronicles of the studies, carbon micro/nanofiber types for CO uptake, carbon micro/nanofibers fabrication and characterization, obtained carbonaceous material activation and performances, regulatory frameworks, and sustainability.

Perspective: Challenges for Personalized Nutrition in the Current U.S. Regulatory Framework and Future Opportunities.

Personalized Nutrition (PN) aims to provide tailored dietary recommendations to improve a person's health outcomes by integrating a multitude of individual-level information and support desired behavior changes. The field is rapidly evolving with technological advances. As new biomarkers are discovered, wearables and other devices can now provide up-to-the-minute insights, and artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models support recommendations and lifestyle behavior change.

Why does cardiology have many extreme publishing authors?

Under diverse contributing factors in different scientific micro-environments, the number of authors who publish extreme numbers of full articles in a single year has increased. Cardiology is the subfield that has the largest share of authors with extreme publishing behavior than any other subfield in science (outside physics). Between 2000 and 2022, 137 authors in the subfield of Cardiovascular System (CVS, Science-Metrix classification) have published over 60 full articles in at least one calendar year and are also highly-cited.

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicle PD-1 promotes tumor immune evasion via disruption of peripheral T cell homeostasis.

The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis mediates immune evasion of tumor, and targeting this axis has achieved some clinical benefits. The regulation of PD-1 expression in immune cells has been well studied. However, whether any other potential source of immune cell-expressed PD-1 exists remains unknown.

Global impact of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on pneumococcal meningitis in all ages: the PSERENADE project.

Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) introduced in childhood national immunization programs lowered vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), but replacement with non-vaccine-types persisted throughout the PCV10/13 follow-up period. We assessed PCV10/13 impact on pneumococcal meningitis incidence globally.

Methods: The number of cases with serotyped pneumococci detected in cerebrospinal fluid and population denominators were obtained from surveillance sites globally.

Nutritional Status Modifies the Association Between Hemoglobin Level and Mortality in Older Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Nationwide Dialysis Registry in Japan.

Objective: Anemia is a common complication associated with adverse outcomes in older patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). They also tend to experience malnutrition, which can affect the course of anemia. We hypothesized that the optimal hemoglobin (Hb) level varies depending on nutritional status in older patients undergoing HD and aimed to investigate the association between Hb levels and mortality according to nutritional status.

Chemistry for water treatment under nanoconfinement.

The global freshwater crisis, exacerbated by escalating pollution, poses a significant threat to human health. Addressing this challenge required innovative strategies to develop highly efficient and process-adaptable materials for water decontamination. In this regard, nanomaterials with confinement structures have emerged as a promising solution, outperforming traditional nanomaterials in terms of efficiency, selectivity, stability, and process adaptability, thereby serving as an ideal platform for designing novel functional materials for sustainable water treatment.

CD47 is a tumor cell-derived exosomal signature and regulates tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy responses.

Background: The pathogenesis of ovarian cancer (OvCa) involves a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors. With the in-depth exploration of tumor ecosystem, exosomes can mediate the immunological status of tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, we aimed to recognize the tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) which can distinguish the immune-hot and cold tumors and reflect the immunotherapeutic responses.

The association of medical cannabis use with quality of life in Illinois' opioid alternative pilot program.

Background: In Illinois, the Opioid Alternative Pilot Program (OAPP) was launched to expand access to medical cannabis to use as a direct substitute for opioids. Although therapeutic benefits have been reported in reducing opioid use, there is an absence of literature that examines how medical cannabis use impacts an individual's quality of life (QoL). This study examines the association of medical cannabis use with QoL among the first enrollees in OAPP.

Deep eutectic solvent induced silver-gel as a flexible SERS substrate for sensitive detection of antibiotics under low temperature conditions.

Antibiotic residues pose a significant threat to global health. Traditional detection methods for antibiotics are cumbersome, time-consuming and often incapable of achieving non-destructive detection at low temperatures. This research introduces a groundbreaking innovation in antibiotic detection: a flexible Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering substrate based on a silver composite deep eutectic solvent (DES) gel, specifically engineered for low-temperature antibiotic detection.

Mechanisms of epigallocatechin-3-gallate-loaded metal-organic framework in preventing oxidative degradation of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) surimi gel.

This work aimed to elucidate the deterioration mechanisms of shrimp surimi gels during refrigerated storage, and the regulatory mechanisms of epigallocatechin-3-gallate loaded cyclodextrin-based metal-organic framework (EGCG@CD-MOF) as a model antioxidant. Labele-free proteomics provided a quantitative analysis of the differential proteomic signatures of degraded proteins. Structural proteins, like myosin, paramyosin, titin, laminin, and α-actinin, along with calcium regulatory proteins, like calcineurin and sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein were found to be highly susceptible to oxidative degradation during refrigeration.

Empowerment through knowledge: Qualitative perceptions of 'undetectable equals Untransmittable' among people living with HIV and tuberculosis in South Africa.

Introduction: Undetectable equals untransmittable (U=U) is an education campaign promoting science that people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who maintain an undetectable viral load cannot transmit HIV to others. Researchers theorize that undetectable equals untransmittable messaging will decrease HIV stigma by reducing fears of HIV transmission and providing evidence to dismantle discriminatory policies. However, little is known about how people with HIV in South Africa interpret the results of their viral load tests, undetectable equals untransmittable messaging, or its impact on stigma.

Moderating effects of screen time on the relationship between family functioning and negative emotions in Chinese children with cancer.

Purpose: To explore whether screen time moderates the relationship between family functioning and negative emotions in Chinese children with cancer.

Methods: Between November 2023 and May 2024, 206 children with cancer were recruited from a pediatric oncology ward at a tertiary hospital. Negative emotions, family functioning, and screen time were assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales, Second Edition, Chinese Version, and Screen Time Questionnaire, respectively.

Discrepancies in long-leg alignment and knee joint line obliquity between two- and three-dimensional measurements under weight-bearing conditions: Effects on coronal plane alignment of the knee classification.

Background: Long-leg alignment and joint line obliquity have traditionally been assessed using two-dimensional (2D) radiography, but the accuracy of this measurement has remained unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of 2D measurements of lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA) and medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) using upright three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT).

Methods: This study involved 66 knees from 38 patients (34 women, four men) with knee osteoarthritis (OA), categorized by Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade.

How likely is it that a virus or bacteria is causing a patient's symptoms? A new approach to interpret the outcome from multi-pathogen PCR.

Background: Whether a detected virus or bacteria is a pathogen that may require treatment, or is merely a commensal 'passenger', remains confusing for many infections. This confusion is likely to increase with the wider use of multi-pathogen PCR.

Objectives: To propose a new statistical procedure to analyse and present data from case-control studies clarifying the probability of causality.

ISCT MSC committee statement on the US FDA approval of allogenic bone-marrow mesenchymal stromal cells.

The December 2024 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of Mesoblast's Ryoncil (remestemcel-L-rknd)-allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC(M)) therapy-in pediatric acute steroid-refractory graft-versus-host-disease finally ended a long-lasting drought on approved MSC clinical products in the United States. While other jurisdictions-including Europe, Japan, India, and South Korea-have marketed autologous or allogeneic MSC products, the United States has lagged in its approval. The sponsor's significant efforts and investments, working closely with the FDA addressing concerns regarding clinical efficacy and consistent MSC potency through an iterative process that spanned several years, was rewarded with this landmark approval.

Association between the hemoglobin A1c/High-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and stroke incidence: a prospective nationwide cohort study in China.

Background: Stroke has emerged as an escalating public health challenge among middle-aged and older individuals in China, closely linked to glycolipid metabolic abnormalities. The Hemoglobin A1c/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HbA1c/HDL-C) ratio, an integrated marker of glycolipid homeostasis, may serve as a novel predictor of stroke risk.

Methods: Our investigation utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study cohort (2011-2018).