Effective interventions to improve medication adherence in Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.

Aim: Medication adherence is associated with improved outcomes in diabetes. Interventions have been established to help improve medication adherence; however, the most effective interventions in patients with Type 2 diabetes remain unclear. The goal of this study was to distinguish whether interventions were effective and identify areas for future research.

Independent effects of socioeconomic and psychological social determinants of health on self-care and outcomes in Type 2 diabetes.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the independent effects of socioeconomic and psychological social determinants of health on diabetes knowledge, self-care, diabetes outcomes and quality of life.

Research Design And Methods: Cross-sectional sample of 615 adults from two adult primary care clinics in the southeastern United States. Primary outcome variables were diabetes knowledge, self-care behaviors (diet, exercise, medication adherence, blood sugar testing, foot care) and diabetes outcomes (HbA1c, low-density lipoprotein, blood pressure, physical component summary score of SF12 quality of life, mental component summary score of SF12 quality of life).

Impact of mental health visits on healthcare cost in patients with diabetes and comorbid mental health disorders.

Purpose: To assess the impact of mental health visits (MHV) on the cost of care for Veterans with diabetes and comorbid mental health conditions.

Methods: A national cohort of 120,852 Veterans with diabetes and at least one mental health diagnosis (i.e.

Biopsychosocial predictors of psychological functioning among African American breast cancer survivors.

This study examined the relationships of biological and psychosocial predictors as contributing factors to the psychological functioning among breast cancer survivors. A sample of (N = 155) African American breast cancer survivors were recruited from California. A general linear model was utilized to examine the relationships.

Gender differences in composite control of cardiovascular risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Disparities in outcomes for cardiovascular disease (CVD) exist between men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We examined gender differences in composite control of cardiovascular risk factors in a sample of adults with T2DM.

Subjects And Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 680 people recruited from three primary care settings.

Genome-wide meta-analysis of homocysteine and methionine metabolism identifies five one carbon metabolism loci and a novel association of ALDH1L1 with ischemic stroke.

Circulating homocysteine levels (tHcy), a product of the folate one carbon metabolism pathway (FOCM) through the demethylation of methionine, are heritable and are associated with an increased risk of common diseases such as stroke, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and dementia. The FOCM is the sole source of de novo methyl group synthesis, impacting many biological and epigenetic pathways. However, the genetic determinants of elevated tHcy (hyperhomocysteinemia), dysregulation of methionine metabolism and the underlying biological processes remain unclear.

Long-Term Mortality of 306,868 Patients with Multi-Vessel Coronary Artery Disease: CABG versus PCI.

Background: Several randomized controlled trials (RCT) have reported no difference in long-term mortality between coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The purpose of this pooled observational analysis was to compare recent retrospective studies examining long-term survival of patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease undergoing CABG and PCI.

Methodology: We searched Medline for observational studies comparing long-term (>1 year) survival between CABG and PCI for the treatment of multi-vessel coronary artery disease over the past 10 years.

Yin Yang 1 regulates the transcriptional repression of Survivin.

The mechanisms for regulation of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) Survivin in cells undergoing stress associated with tumor development and the tumor microenvironment are not well understood. The stress response transcription factors HIF-1α and Yin Yang 1 (YY1) were hypothesized to contribute to the upregulation of Survivin in tumor cells. As expected, U2OS cells overexpressing HIF-1α showed a 2- to 3-fold transactivation when transfected.

Gender differences in stroke recognition among stroke survivors.

Background: Studies suggest that gender differences exist in the recognition of stroke warning signs. Poor recognition of stroke warning signs has been attributed to negative treatment-seeking behaviors, which can result in poor outcomes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine gender differences in the recognition of traditional early warning signs of stroke and first action to initiate treatment in a sample of stroke survivors.

Behavioral interventions to improve glycemic control in African Americans with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.

Objective: The use of behavioral interventions has been shown to improve glycemic control, however, the effectiveness of different behavioral interventions in one of the most high risk populations, African Americans, remains unclear. Our systematic review identified and examined findings of published behavioral interventions targeted at African Americans to improve glycemic control. The goal of our study was to distinguish which interventions were effective and identify areas for future research.

Computing power and sample size for informational odds ratio.

The informational odds ratio (IOR) measures the post-exposure odds divided by the pre-exposure odds (i.e., information gained after knowing exposure status).

The effect of race and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on long-term survival after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a known predictor of decreased long-term survival after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Differences in survival by race have not been examined.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of CABG patients between 2002 and 2011.

Attitudes and beliefs toward lung cancer screening among US Veterans.

Background: Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death for veterans cared for by the US Veterans Health Administration. The LC burden among veterans is almost double that of the general population. Before implementation of an LC screening program, we set out to assess the role of beliefs and attitudes toward LC screening among veterans.

Racial/ethnic, regional, and rural/urban differences in receipt of diabetes education.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to examine the differences in receipt of diabetes education according to risk factors that are associated with the disease, including race/ ethnicity, region, and rural/urban location.

Methods: National data from the 2007 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) were analyzed to examine likelihood of receipt of diabetes education in terms of race, urban/rural location, and region.

Results: Of 1747 adults with type 2 diabetes, 65.

Joint modeling of multiple longitudinal cost outcomes using multivariate generalized linear mixed models.

The common approach to modeling healthcare cost data is to use aggregated total cost from multiple categories or sources (e.g. inpatient, outpatient, prescriptions, etc.

Effect of comorbid depression on quality of life in adults with Type 2 diabetes.

This review outlines the effect of depression on quality of life (QoL) in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The prevalence and medical, psychological and financial burden of T2DM in the USA are briefly discussed, similar to the findings related to patients living with T2DM and depression in terms of health-related QoL. Recommendations for future research include studying mechanisms by which depression affects the QoL of T2DM patients, outlining effects of positive emotions on managing consequences of distress and depression in these patients, and developing interventions to address both depression and diabetes that minimize the treatment burden and costs for patients.

The impact of social support on outcomes in adult patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.

Diabetes is one of the fastest growing chronic diseases globally and in the United States. Although preventable, type 2 diabetes accounts for 90 % of all cases of diabetes worldwide and continues to be a source of increased disability, lost productivity, mortality, and amplified health-care costs. Proper disease management is crucial for achieving better diabetes-related outcomes.

Effect of diabetes fatalism on medication adherence and self-care behaviors in adults with diabetes.

Objective: Diabetes fatalism is defined as "a complex psychological cycle characterized by perceptions of despair, hopelessness, and powerlessness" and associated with poor glycemic control. This study examined the association between diabetes fatalism and medication adherence and self-care behaviors in adults with diabetes.

Methods: Data on 378 subjects with type 2 diabetes recruited from two primary care clinics in the Southeastern United States were examined.

Glucose control in diabetes: the impact of racial differences on monitoring and outcomes.

Type 2 diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the US and is projected to increase in prevalence globally. Minorities are disproportionately affected by diabetes and data suggest that clinical outcomes consistently fall below American Diabetes Association recommendations. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine ethnic differences in self-monitoring and outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Associations between coping, diabetes knowledge, medication adherence and self-care behaviors in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Few studies have examined the emotional approach to coping on diabetes outcomes. This study examined the relationship between emotional coping and diabetes knowledge, medication adherence and self-care behaviors in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Data on 378 subjects with type 2 diabetes recruited from two primary care clinics in the southeastern United States were examined.

Diabetes empowerment, medication adherence and self-care behaviors in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Evidence suggests that empowerment is an important factor to address everyday aspects of dealing with a chronic disease. This study evaluated the effect of diabetes empowerment on medication adherence and self-care behaviors in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Subjects And Methods: Data on 378 subjects with type 2 diabetes recruited from two primary care clinics in the southeastern United States were examined.