Short-term Assessment of Glaucoma Progression in Clinical Trials Using Trend-based Visual Field Progression Analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of disease stage, frequency and clustering of visual field (VF) tests, inclusion of 1 or both eyes, and 1 (1 arm; before and after a treatment) or 2 groups (2 arms; treatment and control arm) on sample size calculation in clinical trials.

Design: Clinical cohort study.

Participants: A series of VFs were simulated based on test-retest VF data in the early, moderate, and advanced stages of glaucoma with 231, 204, and 226 eyes, respectively.

Sex and authorship in global cancer research.

Introduction: Research is an essential pillar of cancer control and key in shaping regional cancer control agendas. Imbalances in science and technology in terms of lack of female participation have been well documented. However, there is little evidence about country-level female participation in cancer research.

Prospective evaluation of artificial intelligence (AI) applications for use in cancer pathways following diagnosis: a systematic review.

The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in cancer care has evolved in the face of ageing population, workforce shortages and technological advancement. Despite recent uptake in AI research and adoption, the extent to which it improves quality, efficiency and equity of care beyond cancer diagnostics is uncertain to date. Henceforth, the objective of our systematic review is to assess the clinical readiness and deployability of AI through evaluation of prospective studies of AI in cancer care following diagnosis.

Impact of #PCOSweightloss: A global X hashtag analysis study of weight loss narratives in the PCOS community.

Introduction: Social media plays a significant role in fostering communities around health and wellness. The hashtag #PCOSweightloss has become a pivotal forum on the platform X, where individuals exchange experiences, share information, and motivate each other concerning weight loss strategies connected with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

Objective: This study aims to analyze the trends of #PCOSweightloss on X to gain insights into the social media metrics, including overall hashtag reach, key themes, and potential influence on management practices of PCOS.

Exploring the composition of placental microbiome and its potential origin in preterm birth.

Introduction: For years, the placenta was believed to be sterile, but recent studies reveal it hosts a unique microbiome. Despite these findings, significant questions remain about the origins of the placental microbiome and its effects on pregnancy and fetal health. Some studies suggest it may originate from the vaginal tract, while others indicate that oral bacteria can enter the maternal bloodstream and seed the placenta.

Postoperative Brace Prescription Practices for Elective Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Questionnaire-Based Study of Spine Surgeons in Japan.

Introduction: The efficacy of postoperative braces for degenerative lumbar disorders has long been debated, with conflicting reports regarding the promotion of bone fusion and pain relief. The current aspects of postoperative brace prescriptions have been previously reported in Western countries but not in Asia. This study aimed to elucidate prescription practices in Japan and identify factors influencing prescription decisions.

Geosocial Media's Early Warning Capabilities Across US County-Level Political Clusters: Observational Study.

Background: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) sparked significant health concerns worldwide, prompting policy makers and health care experts to implement nonpharmaceutical public health interventions, such as stay-at-home orders and mask mandates, to slow the spread of the virus. While these interventions proved essential in controlling transmission, they also caused substantial economic and societal costs and should therefore be used strategically, particularly when disease activity is on the rise. In this context, geosocial media posts (posts with an explicit georeference) have been shown to provide a promising tool for anticipating moments of potential health care crises.

A framework for managing infectious diseases in rural areas in low- and middle-income countries in the face of climate change-East Africa as a case study.

Climate change is having unprecedented impacts on human health, including increasing infectious disease risk. Despite this, health systems across the world are currently not prepared for novel disease scenarios anticipated with climate change. While the need for health systems to develop climate change adaptation strategies has been stressed in the past, there is no clear consensus on how this can be achieved, especially in rural areas in low- and middle-income countries that experience high disease burdens and climate change impacts simultaneously.

Factors Affecting the Prognosis after Primary Tumor Resection for Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer with Synchronous Peritoneal Metastasis: A Multi-center, Prospective, Observational Study.

Objectives: To clarify the risk factors affecting prognosis after primary tumor resection (PTR) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with synchronous peritoneal metastasis (mCRC-SPM).

Methods: Patients were enrolled prospectively in the JSCCR project "Grading of Peritoneal Seeding in Colorectal Cancer." Factors that may influence overall survival-age, sex, location of the primary tumor, lymph node metastasis, presence of liver metastasis, degree of peritoneal metastasis, peritoneal cancer index (PCI), cancer cure, and postoperative chemotherapy-in the PTR group were examined using multivariate analysis.

Polygenic risk score, dietary inflammatory potential, and incident coronary heart disease.

Aims: Dietary inflammatory potential and genetic factors are reported as being linked to coronary heart disease (CHD). We aimed to investigate their joint association with CHD incidence.

Methods And Results: We included 51 889 British participants from the UK Biobank who completed the 24-h dietary assessment at baseline.

Risk of stroke associated with proton pump inhibitor use among individuals with and without pre-existing cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used for managing gastroesophageal disorders but concerns about their potential association with increased stroke risk have emerged, especially among patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the risk of stroke associated with PPI use, stratified by the presence or absence of pre-existing CVD.

Methods: This review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and included studies up to March 2024 from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science.

Cannabis consumption and risk of asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cannabis is the third most widely used psychoactive substance globally, and its consumption has been increasing, particularly with the growing trend of legalization for medicinal and recreational use. Recent studies have raised concerns about the potential impact of cannabis on respiratory health, specifically the risk of asthma, a significant public health concern. This systematic review aimed to consolidate research on the association between cannabis use and the risk of asthma.

Pivotal roles of Plasmodium falciparum lysophospholipid acyltransferase 1 in cell cycle progression and cytostome internalization.

The rapid intraerythrocytic replication of Plasmodium falciparum, a deadly species of malaria parasite, requires a quick but constant supply of phospholipids to support marked cell membrane expansion. In the malarial parasite, many enzymes functioning in phospholipid synthesis pathway have not been identified or characterized. Here, we identify P.

An observational study evaluating the epidemiological and entomological impacts of piperonyl butoxide insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) compared to a combination of indoor residual spraying (IRS) plus standard pyrethroid-only ITNs in Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2019-2023.

Introduction: National malaria programmes must weigh the relative benefits of different vector control and elimination tools to prioritise resource allocation with the greatest impact. This study assesses the epidemiological and entomological impacts of piperonyl butoxide insecticide-treated nets (PBO ITN-only arm) compared with the combination of two annual non-pyrethroid indoor residual spraying (IRS) campaigns and standard pyrethroid ITNs (IRS+Standard Pyrethroid ITN arm) in the Amhara region of Ethiopia.

Methods: An open-label, stratified block-cluster randomised trial was designed to compare the impacts of the two intervention arms.

Neurotoxic Effects and Cognitive Decline Induced by Aniline Blue Dye in an In-Vivo Zebrafish Model.

Aniline Blue is a synthetic dye extensively used in various industries, including textiles, plastics, and biological research due to its effective staining properties. However, its environmental and health impacts, particularly its neurotoxic effects, are poorly understood. While the dye has been associated with carcinogenicity and organ toxicity, the neurobehavioral consequences of Aniline Blue exposure remain underexplored.

Development and implementation of an electronic health record system for use in humanitarian emergencies, disaster response, and conflict zones.

Humanitarian medical response to natural and human-made disasters can be complicated by high clinician, staff, and patient turnover. While electronic medical records are being scaled up globally, their use remains limited in humanitarian response settings. The Fast Electronic Medical Record (fEMR) system is an open-source electronic health record system specifically designed for use in resource-limited settings and humanitarian crises.

Antibody response to Plasmodium vivax in the context of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) co-infection: A 14-year follow-up study in the Amazon rainforest.

Background: To develop an effective vaccine against Plasmodium vivax, the most widely dispersed human malaria parasite, it is critical to understand how coinfections with other pathogens could impact malaria-specific immune response. A recent conceptual study proposed that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a highly prevalent human herpesvirus that establishes lifelong persistent infection, may influence P. vivax antibody responses.

Interventions to reduce non-prescription antimicrobial sales in community pharmacies.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health concern. One of the most important causes of AMR is the excessive and inappropriate use of antimicrobial drugs in healthcare and community settings. Most countries have policies that require antimicrobial drugs to be obtained from a pharmacy by prescription.

Analysis of thyroid autoantibodies and the risk of insulin depletion after the clinical onset of acute-onset type 1 diabetes in Japanese patients: the TIDE-J study.

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes is often accompanied by autoimmune thyroid disease. We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of Japanese patients with acute-onset type 1 diabetes and thyroid autoantibodies, focusing on decreased endogenous insulin secretion.

Materials And Methods: We examined 80 patients with acute-onset type 1 diabetes, classifying them into two groups with and without thyroid autoantibodies and compared the clinical characteristics of the two groups.

Practice guideline: Statement regarding treatment for suspected slowly progressive type 1 diabetes (SPIDDM; probable) cases (English Version).

Insulin treatment should be introduced in patients with slowly progressive type 1 diabetes (SPIDDM; definite), according to the revised diagnostic criteria of SPIDDM (2023). In contrast, SPIDDM (probable) patients are in a non-insulin-dependent state; therefore, a more flexible treatment can be considered, although sulfonylurea agents should be avoided. Insulin treatment has been shown to maintain endogenous insulin secretion capacity in SPIDDM (probable); however, this does not mean that all SPIDDM (probable) patients should use insulin from the early phase.

The efficacy and safety of Fluticasone Furoate/Umeclidinium/Vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) on cough symptoms in adult patients with asthma, A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study: Chronic Cough in Asthma (COCOA) study.

Persistent cough bothers many patients with asthma because it worsens their quality of life; therefore, it must be remedied immediately. The efficacy of triple therapy as a first-line treatment for cough remains unclear. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the triple therapy againts persistent cough, the clinical effect of regular treatment with fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) or placebo in adult patients with asthma was investigated.

Investigating Pb2 CAP-binding domain inhibitors from marine bacteria for targeting the influenza A H5N1.

The ongoing increase in the prevalence and mutation rate of the influenza virus remains a critical global health issue. A promising strategy for antiviral drug development involves targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, specifically the PB2-cap binding domain of Influenza A H5N1. This study employs an in-silico approach to inhibit this domain, crucial for viral replication, using potential inhibitors derived from marine bacterial compounds.

Waste marble sludge and calcined clay brick powders in conventional cement farina production for cleaner built environment.

In the manufacturing of some sectors, such as marble and brick, certain byproducts, such as sludge, powder, and pieces containing valuable chemical compounds, emerge. Some concrete plants utilize these byproducts as mineralogical additives in Turkey. The objective of the experimental study is to ascertain whether the incorporation of waste from the marble and brick industries, in powder form, into cement manufacturing as a mineralogical additive or substitute is a viable option.