Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons' Impact on Crops and Occurrence, Sources, and Detection Methods in Food: A Review.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a category of persistent organic pollutants that pose a global concern in the realm of food safety due to their recognized carcinogenic properties in humans. Food can be contaminated with PAHs that are present in water, air, or soil, or during food processing and cooking. The wide and varied sources of PAHs contribute to their persistent contamination of food, leading to their accumulation within these products.

Prospective modeling and estimating the epidemiologically informative match rate within large foodborne pathogen genomic databases.

Objectives: Much has been written about the utility of genomic databases to public health. Within food safety these databases contain data from two types of isolates-those from patients (i.e.

Benchmarking short and long read polishing tools for nanopore assemblies: achieving near-perfect genomes for outbreak isolates.

Background: Oxford Nanopore provides high throughput sequencing platforms able to reconstruct complete bacterial genomes with 99.95% accuracy. However, even small levels of error can obscure the phylogenetic relationships between closely related isolates.

Irinotecan-loaded magnetite-silica core-shell systems for colorectal cancer treatment.

Colorectal cancer represents a worldwide spread type of cancer and it is regarded as one of the leading death causes, along with lung, breast, and prostate cancers. Since conventional surgical resection and chemotherapy proved limited efficiency, the use of alternative drug delivery systems that ensure the controlled release of cytostatic agents possess immense potential for treatment. In this regard, the present study aimed to develop and evaluate the efficiency of a series of irinotecan-loaded magnetite-silica core-shell systems.

The Association Between the We Can Do This Campaign and Vaccination Beliefs in the United States, January 2021-March 2022.

Public health campaigns addressing COVID-19 vaccination beliefs may be effective in changing COVID-19 vaccination behaviors, particularly among people who remain vaccine hesitant. The "" COVID-19 public education campaign (the Campaign) was designed to increase COVID-19 vaccine confidence and uptake. This study aims to evaluate whether Campaign dose was associated with changes in vaccination beliefs related to COVID-19 vaccine concerns and perceived risks, the importance of COVID-19 vaccines, the perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccination, normative beliefs about COVID-19 vaccination, and perceptions about general vaccine safety and effectiveness.

[Research progress on the driving factors and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance production and spread from the perspective of One Health].

Antimicrobial resistance poses a serious threat to public health and is one of the major challenges worldwide. As global social, economic, and environmental changes lead to increased exposure of populations to antimicrobials, the antimicrobial resistance of pathogens has accelerated and resulted in weakened clinical infection treatment effects. This article reviews the main mechanisms and driving factors of the production and spread of antimicrobial resistance from the perspective of "One Health"and discusses methods and strategies for controlling antimicrobial resistance from multiple dimensions.

Relevance of genetic causes and environmental adaptation of Cronobacter spp. isolated from infant and follow-up formula production factories and retailed products in China: A 7-year period of continuous surveillance based on genome-wide analysis.

The possible contamination routes, environmental adaptation, and genetic basis of Cronobacter spp. in infant and follow-up formula production factories and retailed products in mainland China have been determined by laboratory studies and whole-genome comparative analysis in a 7-year nationwide continuous surveillance spanning from 2012 to 2018. The 2-year continuous multicenter surveillance of the production process (conducted in 2013 and 2014) revealed that the source of Cronobacter spp.

Detection of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria from commercial tattoo and permanent makeup inks.

Unlabelled: Tattooing and use of permanent makeup (PMU) have dramatically increased over the last decade, with a concomitant increase in ink-related infections. Studies have shown evidence that commercial tattoo and PMU inks are frequently contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. Considering that tattoo inks are placed into the dermal layer of the skin where anaerobic bacteria can thrive and cause infections in low-oxygen environments, the prevalence of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria should be assessed in tattoo and PMU inks.

Phenotypic, genotypic and proteomic variations between poor and robust colonizing Campylobacter jejuni strains.

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the major causes of bacterial gastrointestinal disease in humans worldwide. This foodborne pathogen colonizes the intestinal tracts of chickens, and consumption of chicken and poultry products is identified as a common route of transmission. We analyzed two C.

CuO nanoparticles elicit intestinal immunotoxicity in zebrafish based on intestinal microbiota dysbiosis.

Copper II oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs), a kind of widely used nanomaterial, have been detected in food and the environment, which has aroused widespread public concern. Recently, increasing data have suggested that intestinal microecology is closely related to immune homeostasis. However, the intestinal immunotoxicity induced by CuO NPs through intestinal microbiota is still unknown.

Exposure to Chloropropanols and Their Fatty Acid Esters and Glycidyl Fatty Acid Esters in the Sixth Total Diet Study - China, 2016-2019.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Chloropropanols, along with their fatty acid esters and glycidyl fatty acid esters (GEs), are prevalent contaminants in a variety of processed foods, posing potential health risks to humans.

What Is Added By This Report?: In the Sixth China Total Diet Study (TDS), 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPD esters) and GEs were identified as the predominant chloropropanols and their esters in composite food samples. Vegetables (47.

Community Incidence Estimates of Five Pathogens Based on Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance - China, 2023.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Foodborne diseases, representing significant food safety and public health challenges globally, are not well-documented in terms of incidence, particularly for cases characterized by acute gastroenteritis (AGI) in China.

What Is Added By This Report?: This study developed a pyramid model to estimate the incidence of five pathogens, stratified by gender and age. The estimated incidences per 100,000 people with 95% uncertainty intervals () are as follows: Norovirus, 3,188.

Enhancement of Calcium Chelating Activity in Peptides from Sea Cucumber Ovum through Phosphorylation Modification.

Recently, phosphorylation has been applied to peptides to enhance their physiological activity, taking advantage of its modification benefits and the extensive study of functional peptides. In this study, water-soluble peptides (WSPs) of sea cucumber ovum were phosphorylated in order to improve the latter's calcium binding capacity and calcium absorption. Enzymatic hydrolysis methods were screened via ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), the fluorescence spectrum, and calcium chelating ability.

A Straightforward, Sensitive, and Reliable Strategy for Ethyl Carbamate Detection in By-Products from Baijiu Production by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.

Baijiu is a renowned Chinese distilled liquor, notable for its distinctive flavor profile and intricate production process, which prominently involves fermentation and distillation. Ethyl carbamate (EC), a probable human carcinogen, can be potentially formed during these procedures, thus prompting significant health concerns. Consequently, the contamination of EC during Baijiu production has become an increasingly pressing issue.

Examining the hepatotoxic potential of cannabidiol, cannabidiol-containing hemp extract, and cannabinol at consumer-relevant exposure concentrations in primary human hepatocytes.

Hemp extracts and consumer products containing cannabidiol (CBD) and/or other phytocannabinoids derived from hemp have entered the marketplace in recent years. CBD is an approved drug in the United States for the treatment of certain seizure disorders. While effects of CBD in the liver have been well characterized, data on the effects of other cannabinoids and hemp extracts in the liver and methods for studying these effects in vitro are limited.

Determination of Patulin in Apple Juice and Apple-Derived Products Using a Robotic Sample Preparation System and LC-APCI-MS/MS.

Patulin, a toxic mycotoxin, can contaminate apple-derived products. The FDA has established an action level of 50 ppb (ng/g) for patulin in apple juice and apple juice products. To effectively monitor this mycotoxin, there is a need for adequate analytical methods that can reliably and efficiently determine patulin levels.

A multicenter genomic epidemiological investigation in Brazil, Chile, and Mexico reveals the diversity and persistence of populations in surface waters.

This study examined the diversity and persistence of in the surface waters of agricultural regions of Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. Research groups (three in 2019-2020 and five in 2021-2022) conducted a long-term survey of surface water across 5-8 months annually ( = 30 monthly). On-site, each team filtered 10-L water samples with modified Moore Swabs to capture which were then isolated and identified using conventional microbiological techniques.

Concentration and health risk assessment of 16 rare earth elements in six types of tea in China.

Rare Earth Elements (REEs) have been implicated in potential health effects. However, the health risk of REE exposure among tea drinkers in China remains poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the concentration of REEs in different tea categories and evaluate the associated health risks for tea consumers in China.

Visualized analysis of microplastics in residents' diets and regional investigation of China.

Microplastics are widely distributed in ecosystems and are increasingly found in food. This poses a potential threat to human health. However, current detections of microplastic in food primarily focused on the simple matrices, such as water, milk, and beverages, with relatively few methods available for complex matrices.