MHC Class II-Expressing Mucosal Mast Cells Promote Intestinal Mast Cell Hyperplasia in a Mouse Model of Food Allergy.

Background: IgE-mediated food allergy is accompanied by mucosal mast cell (MMC) hyperplasia in the intestinal mucosa. Intestinal MMC numbers correlate with the severity of food allergy symptoms. However, the mechanisms by which MMCs proliferate excessively are poorly understood.

New approaches in childhood IgE-mediated food allergy treatment.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to provide an overview of the current and future treatment options for children with food allergies (FAs), highlighting the latest research findings and the potential impact of these new approaches on improving patients' and caregivers' quality of life.

Recent Findings: In the last decade, many promising approaches have emerged as an alternative to the standard avoidance of the culprit food with the risk of severe accidental reactions. Desensitization through oral immunotherapy has been introduced in clinical settings as a therapeutic approach, and more recently also omalizumab.

Pro-inflammatory dietary pattern and the risk of female gout: sex-specific findings from three prospective cohort studies.

Objective: We aimed to determine whether a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern (mechanism-based diet) is associated with incident female gout among two large cohorts of US women.

Methods: We prospectively followed 79,104 women from Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1984-2016) and 93,454 women from NHSII (1991-2017); 45,445 men from Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2016) served as a comparison cohort. Validated food frequency questionnaires were used to calculate Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP; food-based index predictive of circulating inflammatory biomarkers) scores every 4-years.

Ultrasound-assisted cold plasma treatment reduces resistance to in vitro digestion of tropomyosin and Allergenicity of tropomyosin digestion products.

Tropomyosin (TM), the primary allergen in crustacean aquatic products, has excellent thermal and digestive stability. In this work, the changes in digestive resistance of TM and allergenicity of TM digestion products induced by ultrasound-assisted cold plasma (UCP) treatment were investigated. The stability of TM to simulated digestion were reduced, especially the simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) digestive resistance.

Non-Celiac Gluten/Wheat Sensitivity-State of the Art: A Five-Year Narrative Review.

Non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCGWS) is a syndrome for which pathogenesis and management remain debated. It is described as a condition characterized by gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms rapidly occurring after gluten ingestion in subjects who have had celiac disease or wheat allergy excluded. To date, the diagnosis of NCGWS is challenging as no universally recognized biomarkers have been yet identified, nor has a predisposing genetic profile been described.

Genetic and Immunological Insights into Tick-Bite Hypersensitivity and Alpha-Gal Syndrome: A Case Study Approach.

Tick-bite hypersensitivity encompasses a range of clinical manifestations, from localized allergic reactions to systemic conditions like alpha-gal syndrome (AGS), an IgE-mediated allergy to galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal). This study investigated the clinical, molecular, immunological, and genetic features of two hypersensitivity cases. Two cases were analyzed: a 30-year-old woman with fixed drug reaction (FDR)-like hypersensitivity and a 10-year-old girl with AGS exhibiting borderline α-Gal-specific IgE.

Impact of Early-Life Microbiota on Immune System Development and Allergic Disorders.

The shaping of the human intestinal microbiota starts during the intrauterine period and continues through the subsequent stages of extrauterine life. The microbiota plays a significant role in the predisposition and development of immune diseases, as well as various inflammatory processes. Importantly, the proper colonization of the fetal digestive system is influenced by maternal microbiota, the method of pregnancy completion and the further formation of the microbiota.

Machine-Learning Parsimonious Prediction Model for Diagnostic Screening of Severe Hematological Adverse Events in Cancer Patients Treated with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors: Retrospective Observational Study by Using the Common Data Model.

: Earlier detection of severe immune-related hematological adverse events (irHAEs) in cancer patients treated with a PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor is critical to improving treatment outcomes. The study aimed to develop a simple machine learning (ML) model for predicting irHAEs associated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. : We utilized the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership-Common Data Model based on electronic medical records from a tertiary (KHMC) and a secondary (KHNMC) hospital in South Korea.

Molecular allergy diagnosis enabling personalized medicine.

Allergic patients are characterized by complex and patient-specific IgE sensitization profiles to various allergens, which are accompanied by different phenotypes of allergic disease. Molecular allergy (MA) diagnosis establishes the patient's IgE reactivity profile at a molecular allergen level and has moved allergology into the "Precision Medicine" era. Molecular allergology started in the late 1980s with the isolation of the first allergen-encoding DNA sequences.

Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) Classes in MASK-air Users.

Background And Objectives: The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines classify rhinitis as "intermittent" or "persistent" and "mild" or "moderate-severe". To assess ARIA classes in a real-world study in terms of phenotypic differences and their association with asthma.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional real-world study based on users of the MASK-air® app who reported data for at least 3 different months.

Molecular and Immunological Characterization of Troponin C: An Allergen from .

, a crustacean of substantial importance, is a frequent trigger of food allergies. This study examined the molecular and immunological properties of troponin C from (Scy p TnC) as an allergen. The findings indicated that thermal stability of Scy p TnC comprised 150 amino acids and facilitated the induction of CD63/CD203c in basophils from crab allergy patients.

Murine model of cross-IgE sensitization and cross-anaphylactic reactions among multiple group food allergens.

Rationale: Approximately 32 million people in the United States suffer from food allergies. Some food groups, such as legumes - peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish, have a high risk of cross-reactivity. However, the murine model of multiple food group cross-reactivity is limited.

Cost-effectiveness of watchful waiting versus immediate emergency department transfer after epinephrine autoinjector use in Canada.

Background: Until recently, immediate emergency department (ED) transfer after food-related anaphylactic reactions was recommended regardless of symptom resolution following use of an epinephrine autoinjector (EAI). We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of delayed ED transfer after EAI use in non-medical settings (watchful waiting) compared to immediate ED transfer among pediatric patients with food allergies in Canada.

Methods: We developed a probabilistic Markov model of individuals starting at age of one year who are at risk of severe food-related allergic reactions requiring epinephrine.

Nutritional Health Connection of Algae and its Pharmaceutical Value as Anticancer and Antioxidant Constituents of Drugs.

The marine environment is one of the major biomass producers of algae and seaweed; it is rich in functional ingredients or active metabolites with valuable nutritional health effects. Algal metabolites derived from the cultivation of both microalgae and macroalgae may positively impact human health, offering physiological, pharmaceutical and nutritional benefits. Microalgae have been widely used as novel sources of bioactive substances.

Olfactory impairment in Italian patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a patient-centered survey.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is an inflammatory condition characterized by persistent nasal obstruction, discharge, facial pressure, and olfactory dysfunction. CRSwNP significantly impairs quality of life (QoL), with olfactory loss being a particularly distressing symptom that affects food enjoyment, personal safety, and social interactions.

Methods: This study investigated the experiences of Italian patients with CRSwNP.

Montelukast Use and the Risk of Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events in Children.

Importance: Spontaneous reports have indicated that montelukast increases the risk of neuropsychiatric adverse events, and the US Food and Drug Administration added a boxed warning about these risks in 2020. However, the potential mechanism is not well understood, and the observational evidence is scarce, particularly in children.

Objective: To assess the potential association between the use of montelukast and the risk of neuropsychiatric adverse events in children and adolescents.

Sexual spores in mushrooms: bioactive compounds, factors and molecular mechanisms of spore formation.

Throughout the life cycle of mushrooms, countless spores are released from the fruiting bodies. The spores have significant implications in the food and medicine industries due to pharmacological effects attributed to their bioactive ingredients. Moreover, high concentration of mushroom spores can induce extrinsic allergic reactions in mushroom cultivation workers.

Prevalence of food allergy and its association with atopic dermatitis in Iran: Results from the PERSIAN birth cohort.

Background: The incidence of food allergy (FA) has been increasing worldwide, causing growing concern on a global scale.

Objective: This birth cohort study analyzes the incidence of reported FA and other atopic comorbidities in children from birth to age 2 years who were living in 4 urban and semiurban areas in Iran.

Methods: Children were followed from birth until age 24 months, with follow-up questionnaires administered through parent or guardian interviews conducted when the children were aged 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 months.

BARRIERS AND ENABLERS OF DIETARY REINTRODUCTION FOLLOWING NEGATIVE ORAL FOOD CHALLENGE: A SCOPING REVIEW.

Background: Following a negative oral food challenge (OFC), it is recommended the individual continues to consume the historical allergen regularly. However, the proportion of families achieving sustained reintroduction, and enablers and barriers for reintroduction, are currently unclear.

Objective: To understand the frequency and definitions of optimal food reintroduction in children and adolescents following negative OFC, and associated barriers and enablers.

Structural development of the HIV-1 apex-directed PGT145-PGDM1400 antibody lineage.

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the apex of the HIV-1-envelope (Env) trimer comprise the most potent category of HIV-1 bNAbs and have emerged as promising therapeutics. Here, we investigate the development of the HIV-1 apex-directed PGT145-PGDM1400 antibody lineage and report cryo-EM structures at 3.4 Å resolution of PGDM1400 and of an improved PGT145 variant (PGT145-R100aS), each bound to the BG505 Env trimer.

Discovery of (3-Phenylcarbamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2-pyrrol-2-yl)phosphonates as Imidazoline Receptor Ligands with Anti-Alzheimer and Analgesic Properties.

Imidazoline receptors (I-IRs) are altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and are associated with analgesia. I-IRs are not structurally described, and their pharmacological characterization relies on their modulation by highly affine ligands. Herein, we describe the synthesis of (3-phenylcarbamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2-pyrrol-2-yl)phosphonates endowed with relevant affinities for I-IRs in human brain tissues.

Food Allergy and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents-The Role of Shared Familial Environment.

Background: Evidence suggests a link between food allergy and poor mental health, however, this may be explained by shared genetic and environmental factors. We aimed to investigate the association between food allergy of different severity and mental health in children, and the role of familial factors.

Methods: This population-based, longitudinal cohort study is based on the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden with questionnaire data reported by parents and/or children.

Acceptability of a dapivirine levonorgestrel vaginal ring in two Phase 1 trials (MTN-030/IPM 041 and MTN-044/IPM 053/CCN019): Implications for multipurpose prevention technology development.

End-user feedback early in product development is important for optimizing multipurpose prevention technologies for HIV and pregnancy prevention. We evaluated the acceptability of the 90-day dapivirine levonorgestrel ring (DPV-LNG ring) used for 14 days compared to a dapivirine-only ring (DVR-200mg) in MTN-030/IPM 041 (n = 23), and when used for 90 days cyclically or continuously in MTN-044/IPM 053/CCN019 (n = 25). We enrolled healthy, non-pregnant, HIV-negative women aged 18-45 in Pittsburgh, PA and Birmingham, AL (MTN-030 only).

Allergic Reactivity and Memory Occur Independently of Sequential Switching Through IgG1.

Allergic reactions to foods are primarily driven by allergen-binding immunoglobulin (Ig)E antibodies. IgE-expressing cells can be generated through direct switching from IgM to IgE or a sequential class switching pathway where activated B cells first switch to an intermediary isotype, most frequently IgG1, and then to IgE. It has been proposed that sequential class switch recombination is involved in augmenting the severity of allergic reactions, generating high affinity IgE, differentiation of IgE plasma cells, and in holding the memory of IgE responses.